A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library Author Voon-Ching Lim Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia voonchinglim@gmail.com Author Rosli Ramli Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Author Subha Bhassu Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Author John-James Wilson International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China wilso04@gmail.com text PLoS ONE 2017 2017-07-25 12 7 1 65 journal article 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555 6ea2cc5c-857b-4b47-8135-8bff7efbd1fc PMC5526618 28742835 4251352 Hipposideros diadema [Geoffroy, 1813] Rhinolophus diadema Geoffroy, 1813: 263 , pls. 5, 6; Timor Island, INDONESIA (Péron and Lesueur, collector; MNHN 918) [ 127 ]. Hipposideros diadema [ 8 ]. Common English name: Diadem Roundleaf Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD :AAB8310 (7 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia ; Fig 4 ) Remarks: Murray et al. [ 125 ] compared specimens of H . diadema from Peninsular Malaysia and H . pelingensis from Kabaena Island, Southeast Sulawesi, and reportedthat the species have similar body size and were 2.7% divergent in ND2 mtDNA, although they did not observe H . diadema ’s distinctive white spots on H . pelingensis . In contrast, they reported that specimens of H . diadema from Peninsular Malaysia and the smaller H . diadema from Sulawesi are 8.5% divergent in ND2 mtDNA. DNA barcodes recorded as H . diadema are associated with three BINs, BOLD:AAB8308, BOLD:AAB8309, and BOLD:AAB8310. Congruent with Murray et al. [ 125 ], the three BINs appear to correspond to geographical regions ( Fig 4 ). Four subspecies are recognised under H . diadema on the basis of morphological characters [ 128 ]: H . d . diadema ( type locality: Timor Island, Indonesia ), H . d . nobilis ( type locality: Java , Indonesia ), H . d . griseus ( type locality: Luzon, Phillippine), H . d . masoni ( type locality: Moulmein, Burma = Myanmar ). It is likely that the taxon occurring in Peninsular Malaysia represents H . d . nobilis or H . d . masoni . However, further examination of specimens from several localities and examination of the type specimens is required to determine if the taxon in Peninsular Malaysia should be recognised as a distinct species and to assign a valid name. Consequently, we tentatively retained the name H . diadema in this checklist. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang : Krau Wildlife Reserve [ 11 , 41 , 42 ], Merapoh [ 40 ], Tasik Chini [ 43 ], Lata Bujang Forest Reserve and Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [ 56 ], Kemasul, Jengka, Kenong and Gunung Aais [ 100 ]; Selangor : Batu Caves [ 23 ], Bangi Forest Reserve [ 41 ], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [ 51 ], Ulu Gombak [ 52 – 54 ]; Pulau Pinang : Bukit Panchor [ 23 , 100 ]; Kedah : Pulau Langkawi [ 23 ], Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [ 57 ]; Bukit Hijau [ 100 ]; Negeri Sembilan : Pasoh Forest Reserve [ 45 ]; Perak : Temengor Forest Reserve [ 46 – 48 ], Royal Belum State Park [ 48 , 66 ], Bayor River-Rantau Panjang [ 49 ], Temenggor Lake [ 69 ]; Perlis : Wang Kelian State Park [ 50 ]; Johor : Endau-Kluang Forest Reserve [ 56 ], Gunung Panti and Labis Forest Reserve [ 100 ]; Kelantan : Air Panas-Gua Musang [ 61 ], Gua Musang [ 62 ], Gunung Stong State Park [ 100 ]; Melaka : Unspecified location [ 68 ]; Terengganu : Tasik Kenyir [ 69 ]. H . diadema has been reported roosting in limestone caves, in crevices of boulders, tree hollows and solitarily under the fronds of palms, in both primary and secondary forests [ 11 , 14 , 23 ].