A new classification of the family Ariidae (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes) based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data Author Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, conjunto Presidente Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB 58050 - 000, Brazil & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB 58429 - 500, Brazil & Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618 - 970, Brazil a_marceniuk@hotmail.com Author Oliveira, Claudio Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618 - 970, Brazil Author Ferraris Jr, Carl J. 545 NE Floral Pl., Portland, OR 97232, USA text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2024 2023-08-21 200 2 426 476 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad078 journal article 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad078 0024-4082 11240120 5D6C7EBF-E568-4100-9364-2DD357003878 Paracinetodus gen. nov. ( Figs 1–3 , 38B , 50 ) ZooBank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 01D775F1- CA33-42B6-AE05-AC1D3E9DBE6C . Type species: Arius carinatus Weber, 1913 . Diagnosis Lateral horn of lateral ethmoid compressed and spatulate (11, 0> 1); extrascapular subtriangular (37, 1> 2); epioccipital contacting small narrow area of diagonal crest associated with neural spine of fourth vertebra (44, 2> 0); ventral tip of subvertebral process acute (80, 0> 2); basioccipital lateral process absent with anterior and posterior portions equally developed (83, 1> 0); transcapular process at right angle to body axis (86, 0> 1); transcapular process short and thick (87, 0> 2); space between transcapular process and otic capsule small (89, 1> 2); premaxilla narrow and long, length two to three times its width (120, 1> 2); bony blade connecting posterolateral processes of urohyal absent (159, 0> 1); posterolateral processes of urohyal two-thirds as long as distal portion of bone (162, 0> 2); transverse crest associated with neural spine of fourth vertebra high (200, 0> 1); median crest associated with neural spine of fourth vertebra high (202, 0> 1); Müllerian ramus bony blade evident in more than one-half length (206, 0> 2); ventral surfaces of parapophyses of fifth and sixth vertebrae conspicuously concave (212, 0> 1); seventh vertebra free from ventral superficial ossification (214, 0> 1); posterior process of cleithrum very long (224, 1> 2); second dorsal cleithral process dorsally directed and parallel to first dorsal process (226, 0> 1). Etymology Derived from the Greek ‘para’ for ‘near’, highlighting its morphological similarity with the genus Cinetodus . Gender: masculine. Included species Paracinetodus carinatus Weber, 1913 . Habitat and distribution: Freshwater,southern New Guinea ( Fig.38 ). Remarks Arius carinatus was included in Cinetodus in previous morphological studies ( Kailola 2004 , Marceniuk and Menezes 2007 , Marceniuk et al. 2012 ). The results of the total-evidence analysis place the species in a lineage distinct from that of Cinetodus , corroborating a previous molecular result (Betancur-R. 2009), and requiring the establishment of the new genus.