Systematics of Berberis sect. Wallichianae (Berberidaceae) of Taiwan and Luzon with description of three new species, B. schaaliae, B. ravenii, and B. pengii Author Yu, Chih-Chieh Author Chung, Kuo-Fang Author for correspondence; e-mail: kuofangchung @ ntu. edu. tw text Phytotaxa 2014 2014-10-31 184 2 61 99 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.184.2.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.184.2.1 1179-3163 5146508 12. Berberis barandana Vidal (1886: 45) .Type:— PHILIPPINES . Luzon, Mt. Province, Distr. Lepanto, Iloeas N. Luzon, November 1884 , Vidal 1911 (K-000644928!, lectotype (designated by Ahrendt 1961 ), isolectotypes A- 00038831!, MA-728006, n.v. , image seen) ( Fig. 11D–H ). Evergreen shrub ca. 1.5–2.5 m tall. Mature stems brown, subterete, not verruculose. Spines 3-fid, concolorous, 0.8–1.7 cm . Leaves subsessile; leaf blade elliptic, abaxially pale green not pruinose, adaxially dark-green; 3.8–7.6 × 0.9–2.4 cm , leathery; midvein abaxially raised and adaxially impressed, lateral veins slightly raised, the secondary veins pinnate, jointly looped; base cuneate to cuniform, margins remotely spinose with spinules of 4–12 with 2–6 mm apart on each side, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a fascicle, 1–12-flowered. Bracts 2 if present, narrowly-ovate, yellow partially red 1.5 × 1 mm . Pedicel pale green, 1.2–3 cm . Bracteoles absent, 2 or 3, red or yellow with reddish tinge narrowly-ovate 1.5 × 1 mm . Flowers bright yellow. Sepals in 4 whorls, the outermost sepals yellow with reddish tinge narrowly-ovate to elliptic 2.5 × 1.5 mm , outer sepals yellow usually with reddish tinge ovate to elliptic 3.5 × 2.5 mm , middle sepals yellow obovate 4.5 × 3 mm , inner sepals yellow obovate 5 × 4.5 mm . Petals obovate to elliptic, 4.5 × 3.5 mm , base clawed with a pair of ovoid nectaries close to each other, apex incised or acutely emarginated. Stamens pale yellow ca. 4 mm , anther connective stamen of distinct produced, apex truncate. Pistil 5 mm long. Ovules 4. Berries black, ellipsoid ca. 7 × 4.5 mm , more or less pruinose, stylose ca. 0.5–1 mm . Phenology: — Flowering January and March; Fruiting April–May, October–January. Distribution & habitat: — Berberis barandana is large shrub up to 1.5 m tall distributed in the mountainous areas of the Mountain and Benquet Provinces of Luzon in the Philippines , occurring on margins of cloud forest, sunny slopes and along roadsides, from 1800 to 2900 m . FIGURE 16. Berberis schaaliae C.C. Yu & K.F. Chung. A. Fruiting branch. B, C. Flower. D. The secondary-whorled sepal. E. Inner sepals. F. Petal with a pair of ovoid nectaries at base. G. Stamen. H. Pistil. I. Dissected pistil showing 3 ovules. Drawn by Han-Yau Huang. Proposed IUCN conservation status: —Vulnerable [VU B1ac (ii, iii)]. Berberis barandana is almost always found associated with cloud forest, a highly threatened ecosystem in the Philippines due to rapid deforestation. We hereby propose a provisional IUCN category of VU for the species ( IUCN 2012 ). FIGURE 17. Berberis schaaliae C.C. Yu & K.F. Chung. A. Flowering branch. B. Habitat and habit. C. Leaf, adaxial view showing the complex vein. D. Palm-like spine. E. Fruits. F. Flower, front view. G. Flowers, exterior view, showing the sepals. A–G: Tatuanyaishan (The Great Cliff). Notes: The original set of Vidal’s specimens in Manila , including the holotype of Berberis barandana ( Vidal 1911 ) , was destroyed in a fire in 1897 ( Stafleu & Cowan 1986 , Calabrese & Velayos 2009 ). In revising the genus, Ahrendt (1961: 65) designated an isotype at K as the lectotype (“ Type K ”), rendering the isotypes at MA ( Calabrese & Velayos 2009 ) and A as isolectotypes. This Filipino endemic species had been allied with B. kawakamii ( Merrill 1923 ) ; however, B. barandana can be easily distinguished from the latter by its ovate outermost sepals. LaFrankie (2010) also documents an unauthenticated report of B. wallichiana DC. (as B. ‘ wallichii ’) in the Philippines as well as a possible new species from Zambales Mountains, Luzon, neither with any specimen details. However, B. wallichiana is endemic to Nepal ( Adhikari et al. 2010 ). Additional specimens examined: — PHILIPPINESS. Luzon Island : Benguet Province , Mt. Sto Tomas , 12 October 1904 , Williams 1347 ( US ), 2440 m , 3 December 1953 , van Steenis s.n. (PNH), Walker 7536 ( US ), 2200 m , 13 May 2006 , Yang 17998 (TNM), Barangay Lab-ang Resthouse Relay Station , 2200 m , 31 January 2012 , Chung 1958 (HAST). Mountain Province , Distr. Lepanto, Mt. Data , November 1905 , Merrill 4506 ( US ), 4607 ( US ), 1800 m , 2 April 1946 , Alcasid 7 (PNH), Mt. Data Watershed , 1800 m , 1 February 2012 , Chung 1984 (TAI). Bontoc Province , 26 October 1974 , Apolinarno 251 (UPLB). Mt. Nangaoto , 2300 m , 23 February 1948 , Sulit 2529 (PNH). Mt. Pauai , 5 February 1948 , Sulit 2351 (PNH), 2250 m , 28 April 1960 , Sulit 10733 (UPLB), 10734 (UPLB). Mt. Pulog , January 1909 , Curran et al. 80140-2 ( US ), 2900 m , 11 March 1948 , M. Celesto s.n. (PNH), 2650 m , 12 June 1965 , Poicho 19829 (UPLB), 19808 (UPLB) .