Culicoides jiangchengensis, a new species of the subgenus Sinocoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) based on integrative taxonomy from China Author He, Yuwen Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China, Author Meng, Jinxin Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China, Author Li, Nan Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China, Author Li, Zhao Jiangcheng County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Jiangcheng, China, & @ 163. com (GL) Author Yu, Taoying Gongshan County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Gongshan, China, Author Zhang, Laxi Jiangcheng County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Jiangcheng, China, & @ 163. com (GL) Author Wang, Dongmei Jiangcheng County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Jiangcheng, China, & @ 163. com (GL) Author Liu, Guoping Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenyang Command, Shenyang, China Author Wang, Jinglin text PLoS ONE 2023 e 0287266 2023-07-26 18 7 1 18 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266 journal article 10.1371/journal.pone.0287266 1932-6203 PMC10370730 37494347 12631123 An updated key to females in the subgenus Sinocoides of Culicoides 1 Eyes hairy, Wing without pale and dark spot ( Fig 2 )...... C . ( S .) anthropophygas Eyes bare, Wing with pale and dark spot................................................................ 2 2 (1) m 1 ,m 2 ,m 4 cell with pale......................................................................................... 3 Table 2. Measurements of distinguishing characteristics of Culicoides ( Sinocoides ) in China (Female).

species	wing length (mm)	CR	AR	PR	mandible teeth	antennal sensilla pattern
C . anthropophygas	1.35	0.61	1.29	2.50	14	3, 9~15
C . hamiensis	1.18	0.57	0.96	2.50	18	3~14
C . jiangchengensis	1.08	0.50	1.13	2.63	17	3, 11~15
C . jinghongensis	1.08	0.54	0.96	1.70	12	3, 7~10
C . kongmiaoensis	1.18	0.53	1.59	2.42	13	3~15
C . multifarious	0.97	0.55	0.98	2.44	13	3, 8~10
C . malipoensis	1.35	0.70	1.05	2.90	9	3, 11~15
C . nanniwanensis	1.05	0.57	1.18	2.33	15	3, 11~15
C . opertus	1.13	0.59	1.20	2.50	18	3, 11~14
C . pungobovis	0.78	0.58	0.82	2.00	17	3, 8~10
Note CR: Costal ratio; AR: Antennal ratio; PR: Proboscis ratio.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287266.t002 m 1 ,m 2 ,m 4 cell without pale.................................................................................... 7 3 (2) r 5 cell with 2~3 pale spots except the distal pale.................................................. 4 r 5 cell with 1 pale spot except the distal pale........................................................ 5 4 (3) r 5 cell with 3 pale spots except the distal pale, m 1 cell with 2 pale spots ( Fig 6 ) .......................................................................... C . ( S .) multifarious r 5 cell with 2 pale spots except the distal pale, m 1 cell with 3 pale spots ( Fig 8 )........................................................................... C . ( S .) pungobovis 5 (3) m 2 cell with a pale band and a pale spot................................................................ 6 m 2 cell with 4 pale spots ( Fig 4 )........................................... C . ( S .) jinghongensis 6 (5) m 1 cell with pale band extended from base to the distal, anal cell with a pale spot at the Proximal ( Fig 9 )...................................................... C . ( S .) malipoensis m1 cell with 2 pale spots, anal cell with a wide pale band extended from the basal to the distal ( Fig 1 )..................................................... C . ( S .) jiangchengensis 7(2) sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1~12 or 1~13.............................................. 8 sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1,9~12 or 1,9~13........................................ 9 8 (7) sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1~12; mandible 18 teeth ( Fig 3 )................................................................................................... .. C . ( S .) hamiensis sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1~13; mandible 13 teeth(Fig 5)................................................................................................ C . ( S .) kongmiaoensis 9 (7) sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1,9~12; m 2 and anal cell without pale spot ( Fig 7 )........................................................................................... C . ( S .) opertus sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1,9~13; m 2 and anal cell with a pale spot respectively ( Fig 10 ).............................................................. C . ( S .) nanniwanensis