A new genus and two new species of cavernicolous amphipods (Crustacea: Typhlogammaridae) from the Western Caucasus Author Sidorov, Dmitry A. CA39E974-5B23-42CE-919D-5EC937301494 Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 - let Vladivostoku Av. 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: CA 39 E 974 - 5 B 23 - 42 CE- 919 D- 5 EC 937301494 Author Gontcharov, Andrey A. D16C97A5-FB70-414A-ACCE-D17519A1BE6C Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 - let Vladivostoku Av. 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: D 16 C 97 A 5 - FB 70 - 414 A-ACCE-D 17519 A 1 BE 6 C Author Sharina, Svetlana N. 3159D4D5-2BF1-4E12-8280-2BD3F83C8F55 A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo St., Vladivostok 690041, Russia. & Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Suhanova St., Vladivostok 690950, Russia. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 3159 D 4 D 5 - 2 BF 1 - 4 E 12 - 8280 - 2 BD 3 F 83 C 8 F 55 text European Journal of Taxonomy 2015 2015-12-24 168 1 32 journal article 22342 10.5852/ejt.2015.168 24091335-c320-468c-93cc-9667c275c35b 2118-9773 3805931 BD52040D-6774-4181-AB53-4629CCA310F9 Anopogammarus birsteini Derzhavin, 1945 Figs 4 A–E, 5–6 Anopogammarus birsteini Derzhavin, 1945: 34 , pl. 2. Anopogammarus birsteini – Birstein & Ljovuschkin 1967: 1512 ; 1970: 1478 , figs 4–6. — Stock 1973: 339 . — Bousfield 1977: 291 . — Karaman & Barnard 1979: 142 . — Barnard & Karaman 1980: 8 . — Barnard & Barnard 1983: 502 . — Ruffo 1995: 450 . — Karaman & Ruffo 1995: 159 , 160. Material examined GEORGIA : 1 ♀ , 1 ♂ , Western Caucasus, Gagra District, near Goluboe Lake (43°3508 N, 40°4119 E). Specimens, completely dissected and mounted on a single slide per number: ♀ (oostegites initial, nonsetose) 9.0 mm, ♂ 8.5 mm , 15 Jun. 2015 , 133 m a.s.l., springs, coll. D.M. Palatov ( X44039 /Cr- 1645- 46 - FEFU ). Additional material examined GEORGIA : 5 ♀♀ (6.0 mm, 3x 7.0 mm, 7.5 mm ; oostegites initial, non-setose), 5 ♂♂ ( 3x 6.0 mm, 7.5 mm , 9.0 mm), 3 juv. , specimens measured, partially dissected and stored in different vials (1-12/1sd-IBSS), same data as above. Fig. 3. Unrooted ML-tree with bootstrap support values based on the mt- cox1 sequences (values less than 50% not shown). Specimen labels refer to information given in Table S1. Scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site. Fig. 4. — A–D . Anopogammarus birsteini Derzhavin, 1945 . ♀, 9.0 mm, X44039 /Cr-1645-FEFU: A . Habitus from left side. B . Urosome. C . Head. D . Metasomal and urosomal segments with telson. — E–G . Zenkevitchia sandroruffoi sp. nov. Paratype, ♀, 6.3 mm, X44045 /Cr-1651-FEFU. E . Lateralia. F . Head. G . Urosome. — H–K . Adaugammarus pilosus sp. nov. Holotype, ♀, 13.5 mm, X44046 /Cr- 1652-FEFU. H . Lateralia. I . Head. J . Urosome. K . Lateralia. Fig. 5. Anopogammarus birsteini Derzhavin, 1945 . ♀, 9.0 mm, X44039 /Cr-1645-FEFU. A . Antenna 1. B . Antenna 2. C–D . Palmar margins of gnathopods 1 and 2 propodi. E . Maxilla 1. F . Outer plate of maxilla 1. G . Palp of right maxilla 1. Remark Although A. birsteini was described by Derzhavin ( 1945 ) based on an 8.0 mm female and was subsequently redescribed in detail ( Birstein & Ljovuschkin 1970 ) based on both sexes, we further introduce an amended diagnostic description to emphasize some important characters. Diagnostic description SIZE. Female body length 9.0 mm and male, body length 8.5 mm ( X44039 /Cr- 1645-46 -FEFU). Robust, large-sized species of gammarid-like habitus (sexual dimorphism weakly pronounced, i.e., females larger than males). Coxal gills 2–7 stalked, triangular or sacciforme, largest on gnathopod 2, successively smaller on pereopods 3 to 7, gill 7 the smallest. Body length 6.0–17.0 mm ( ♀ ), 6.0–14.0 mm ( ♂ ). GENERAL BODY MORPHOLOGY ( Figs 4 A–D, 6G). Body smooth, lacking dorsal cuticular elements. Head as long as first pereon segment; rostrum absent; inferior antennal sinus shallow, sub-rounded. Eyes absent. Pleosomites and urosomites on dorsal surface with lateral groups of spines and setae; medial elements absent. Dorsal surface of urosomites 1–3 armed with robust spines in the following manner: 1 (3-0-0-3), 2 (2-0-0-2), 3 (1-0-1). Epimeral plate 1: postero-ventral corner prominent; posterior and ventral margins convex; 2 stiff setae along ventral margin, 2 setae along posterior margin. Epimeral plate 2: postero-ventral corner acuminate; posterior and ventral margins convex; 5 stiff setae in two rows along ventral margin, 1 seta along posterior margin at corner. Epimeral plate 3: postero-ventral corner acuminate; posterior margin concave; ventral margin convex; 4 stiff seta along ventral margin, 2 setae along posterior margin. Telson as long as broad; cleft entirely; 2 or 3 apical spines per lobe present, these are 0.2× telson length, each accompanied by setae. Antennae ( Figs 4A , 5 A–B). Antenna 1 0.65× of body length; main flagellum with up to 30–32 articles; almost all flagellar articles bearing small aesthetascs accompanied by 2–8 short setae; peduncular articles in ratio 1:0.7:0.4; proximal article of peduncle with 3 sets of short setae along ventral margin; accessory flagellum 3- or 4-articulated. Length ratio of antenna 1 to antenna 2 is 1:0.5; flagellum of antenna 2 with 11–15 articles, each article densely setose; length ratio of peduncle articles 4 and 5 is 1:0.9; flagellum as long as peduncle (articles 4+5); peduncular articles 4 and 5 with sets of long stiff setae along ventral margin; gland cone short. Fig. 6. Anopogammarus birsteini Derzhavin, 1945 . ♀, 9.0 mm, X44039 /Cr-1645-FEFU. A . Pleopod 2. B . Coupling setae of pleopod 2. C . Uropod 1. D . Uropod 2. E–F . Uropod 3. G . Telson. MOUTH PARTS (typical gammarid, Figs 5 E–G). Maxilla 1 palp longer than outer plate, distal article with 5 apical and 2 sub-apical setae (both palps asymmetric, right palp broader, with 4–5 strong spines and 2 plumose setae on apex and 1–2 setae on outer margin); outer plate with 12–14 spines (5 poorly toothed and 9 multi-toothed); inner plate trapezoidal, with 12 plumose setae. Foregut lateralia with 13 strong pectinate spines and densely setose row of stiff setae. GNATHOPODS 1–2 ( Fig. 5 C–D). Gnathopod 1: propodus almond-shaped, palm convex, with cutting margin acanthaceous and 2× longer than posterior margin; along posterior margin two sets of simple setae; antero-distal group of anterior margin with 10 setae; palmar margin with short, notched setae along outer and inner faces, palmar angle undefined, a group of 10 distally-notched strong spines on both faces (with 2 strong mid-palmar spines in the place where tip of nail close); nail long, 0.25× total length of dactylus, 1 seta along anterior margin, with 4 setules at hinge. Gnathopod 2: propodus small (compared to the body) and slightly larger than propodus of gnathopod 1; propodus almond-shaped, palm convex, with cutting margin acanthaceous and as long as posterior margin; posterior margin with 6 sets of stiff setae; antero-distal group of anterior margin with 10 setae; palmar margin with short, notched setae along outer and inner faces, palmar angle undefined, a group of 8 distally-notched strong spines on both faces (with 2 strong mid-palmar spines in the place where tip of nail close); dactylus similar to that of gnathopod 1. PLEOPODS ( Fig. 6 A–B). Pleopods 1–3 sub-equal, each with 2 coupling setae (retinacula) accompanied by 1–3 stiff setae; peduncular articles fringed with long, thin setae; proximal article of inner rami fringed with 4 setae. Pleopods 1–3 rami with 15–19 articles each. UROPODS ( Figs 4A , 6 C–F). Uropod 1 protopodite with 1 basofacial spine, 3 dorso-lateral spines and 2 dorso-medial spines; exopodite as long as endopodite; rami straight, with single spines along outer margins; both with 5 spines apically and sub-apically (two of them strong). Uropod 2 endopodite slightly shorter than exopodite. Uropod 3 protopodite with 3 groups of spines on apex; endopodite as long as protopodite, with 1 spine and 7 long setae apically; exopodite 2-articulated, about 2.2× longer than protopodite, with 3 groups of lateral spines, 6 groups of long simple setae along inner margin; proximal article with 4 spines and about 10 long setae on apex, terminal article short, 0.09× as long as proximal article, with 6 long simple setae sub-apically. Discussion of affinities Describing the monotypic genus Anopogammarus Derzhavin (1945) noted a lack of eyes in A. birsteini as the only difference from the genus Gammarus and considered this feature characteristic. Later, Birstein & Ljovuschkin ( 1970 ) re-described Anopogammarus birsteini in detail and considered this species, along with Metohia carinata Absolon, 1927 , as derived from Gammarus , implying a subgeneric status for the genera Anopogammarus and Metohia . However, according to their view, Zenkevitchia revazi occupies an intermediate position between the specialized Zenkevitchia admirabilis and Gammarus ( Stock 1973 ) . Subsequently, Karaman & Barnard ( 1979 ) transferred Z. revazi to Anopogammarus , based on the non-moplike structure of maxilla 1 and reduced palps in the former species. Later, the same authors ( Barnard & Karaman 1980 ) again confirmed that Anopogammarus , along with the rest of the taxa placed in the Family group 2 ( Typhlogammarus group, hypogean large gammarids) sensu Bousfield (1977) , has no strong distinction from the Gammarus-Echinogammarus group (see Barnard & Karaman 1980: 7–9 ). Ruffo (1995) and Karaman & Ruffo (1995) , describing two genera of cavernicolous amphipods ( Albanogammarus and Sinogammarus from Albania and Southwest China , respectively), discussed the position of the new taxa in depth and hypothesized an obvious affinity with Anopogammarus . The revision of the group cannot be considered as completed, because the genus Anopogammarus is heterogeneous and needs to be split. We propose transferring Anopogammarus revazi to the genus Zenkevitchia ( Zenkevitchia revazi Birstein & Ljovuschkin, 1970 , comb. resurr.) and to the newly proposed group ( sandroruffoi -group). The monotypic genus Anopogammarus based on Anopogammarus birsteini Derzhavin, 1945 , however, should be considered a component of the family Gammaridae . As the above-mentioned authors, we believe that the monotypic genus Anopogammarus has an affinity to Albanogammarus and Sinogammarus . This assumption is based on the following shared features: the structure of the anterior margin of the cephalon (lateral interantennal lobes slightly subquadrate); powerful dorsal armament of urosomal segments; antenna 1 with small aesthetascs in males (? lacking in Albanogammarus ); calceoli on antenna 2 absent; article 1 of antenna 2 being rather large, bearing short setae, and antennal gland cone short; structure of maxilla 1 (outer plate with multi-toothed non-falcate spines and palps clearly asymmetric); uropod 3 long and with 2-articulated outer ramus.