Ultrastructure of attachment specializations of hexapods (Arthropoda): evolutionary patterns inferred from a revised ordinal phylogeny Author R. G. Beutel Author S. N. Gorb text J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Research 2001 39 177 207 journal article 10.1046/j.1439-0469.2001.00155.x 95b3d62f-8fcc-4088-873f-b33f4a63d3fc 2360323 33 Mecoptera An arolium is absent in boreids and notiothaumids ( Mickoleit 1971 ), but present in other mecopterans ( Fig. 6D ; Byers 1991 ). Other specific adhesive structures are lacking. Paired claws are present in members of all groups with the exception of Bittacidae which posses single­clawed raptorial tarsi.