The Nepalese species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae): a preliminary revision and identification key to species Author Shimizu, So https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-4552 Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan & Research Fellow (DC 1 and Overseas Challenge Program for Young Researchers), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan & Department of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK parasitoidwasp.sou@gmail.com text Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 2020 2020-05-11 67 1 69 126 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.51332 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.51332 1860-1324-1-69 2B601B5DE1BD44B7BA89554E3AB5EAE1 48A2D68FF09F5A41B01347C0DBEF72C8 Enicospilus melanocarpus Cameron, 1905 Fig. 17 Enicospilus reticulatus Cameron 1902 : 52; holotype ♂, Maldives, NHMUK, examined; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981 : 377); junior primary homonym of Enicospilus reticulatus Cameron, 1899. Eniscospilus (sic) Enicospilus melanocarpus Cameron 1905 : 122; holotype ♀, Sri Lanka, NHMUK, examined. Henicospilus nigrinervis Szepligeti 1906 : 142; holotype ♀, New Guinea, TM; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981 : 377); junior secondary homonym of Enicospilus Henicospilus nigrinervis Cameron, 1901. Ophion (Henicospilus) nocturnus Kohl 1908 : 315; holotype ♀, Samoa, NM; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981 : 378). Henicospilus batavianus Szepligeti 1910 : 92; holotype ♀, Java, TM; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981 : 378). Henicospilus turneri Morley 1912 : 51; lectotype ♀, Australia, NHMUK, examined, designated by Townes et al. (1961 : 291); synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981 : 378). Henicospilus atricornis var. zeylanicus Morley 1913 : 392; holotype ♀, Sri Lanka, NHMUK, examined; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981 : 378). Henicospilus uncivena Enderlein 1921 : 23; holotype ♀, India, IZPAN; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981 : 378). Henicospilus crassivena Enderlein 1921 : 24; holotype ♀, Sumatra, IZPAN; synonymised by Townes et al. (1961 : 281). Enicospilus nigrivenalis Cushman 1937 : 307; holotype ♀, Taiwan, DEI; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981 : 378). Enicospilus quintuplex Chiu 1954 : 61; holotype ♀, China, TARI, examined; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981 : 378). Enicospilus (Polycorniata) brunnis Rao and Nikam 1971b : 105; holotype ♀, India, MUC; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981 : 378). Material examined. 105♀♀ 21♂♂ and 6 unsexed: Nepal ( 5♀♀ 2♂♂ ), Australia ( 1♀ ), China ( 1♀ ), Maldives ( 1♂ ), India ( 26♀♀ ), Indonesia ( 4♀♀ 2♂♂ and 1 unsexed), Japan ( 2♀♀ ), Malaysia ( 1♀ ), Papua New Guinea ( 7♀♀ 1♂ ), Philippines ( 7♀♀ ), Singapore (1 unsexed), Sri Lanka ( 8♀♀ ), Taiwan ( 43♀♀ 15♂♂ and 4 unsexed) . Type series: holotype of Enicospilus reticulatus Cameron , 1902, ♂ , Hulule , Maldive Islands , 20.VI.1900 (NHMUK, Type 3b.1268) ; holotype of Eniscospilus (sic) Enicospilus melanocarpus Cameron , 1905, ♀ , Sri Lanka (NHMUK, Type 3b.1234) ; lectotype of Henicospilus turneri Morley , 1912, ♀ , Mackay , Queensland , Australia , 1899, Turner leg. (NHMUK, Type 3b.1261) ; holotype of Henicospilus atricornis var. zeylanicus Morley , 1913, ♀ , Kandy , Sri Lanka , 11.VII.1910 , Green leg. (NHMUK, Type 3b.2098) ; holotype of Enicospilus quintuplex Chiu , 1954, ♀ , Shaowu , Fukien , China , 8.X.1945 , S.H. Chao leg. (TARI) . Non-type series: 1♂ , Godaveri ( 1,550 -1,700 m ), Nepal , VI.1983 , M.G. Allen leg. (LT) ( Fig. 17 ) ; 1♂ , Pokhara ( 950 m ), Nepal , VII-VIII.1983, M.G. Allen leg. (LT) ; 1♀ , montane and oak forest ( 2,760 m ), Phulchoki , Nepal , VIII.1983 , M.G. Allen leg. (LT) ; 1♀ , Phulchoki ( 2,500 m ), Nepal , IX.1982 , M.G. Allen leg. (LT) ; 1♀ , Phulchoki ( 2,000 m ), Nepal , VIII.1982 , M.G. Allen leg. (LT) ; 1♀ , Kathmandu ( 1,350 m ), Nepal , VII.1983 , M.G. Allen leg. (LT) ; 1♀ , Kakani ( 2,000 m ), Nepal , VIII.1982 , M.G. Allen leg. (LT) ; 18♀♀ , Pradesh , Patancheru , India , I ( 1♀ ), II ( 1♀ ), VIII ( 2♀♀ ), IX ( 5♀♀ ), X ( 9♀♀ ).1980, Bhatnagar leg. (LT) ; 8♀♀ , Mysore , Mudigere , India , X-XI.1979, J.S. Noyes leg. ; 3♀♀ , Radjamandula , Java , Indonesia , XI.1937 , K.M. Walsh leg. ; 1♂ and 1 unsexed, Mt Djampang , Tjigaeha , Java , Indonesia , I.1938 , K.M. Walsh leg. ; 1♀ , Mt Melang , Djampang Wetan , Java , Indonesia , VIII.1937 , K.M. Walsh leg. ; 1♂ , Gunung Gede , Lebak Sioe , Java , Indonesia , IX.1937 , K.M. Walsh leg. (all NHMUK) ; 1♀ , Buzena , Nago City , Kunigami County , Okinawa-honto , Okinawa Pref. , Japan , 15.IV.1991 , M. Hayashi leg. ; 1♀ , Uebaru , Nakijin Vil. , Kunigami County , Okinawa-honto , Okinawa Pref. , Japan , 23.IV.1991 , M. Hayashi leg. (LT) (all NIAES) ; 1♀ , Clearing , Perak , Malaysia , 1.VI.1941 , F. Gerald leg. ; 5♀♀ 1♂ , Bulolo forestry Reserve , Papua New Guinea , IX.1979 , I.D. Gauld leg. ; 2♀♀ , Wau ( 1,000 m ), Morobe , Papua New Guinea , X.1979 , I.D. Gauld leg. ; 7♀♀ , Bay Bay , Leyte , Visca forest , Philippines , VIII ( 1♀ ), 30.VIII-4.IX ( 4♀♀ ), 5-13.IX ( 2♀♀ ).1980, L. Tuangganr leg. ; 1 unsexed, Singapore , 2.XII.1967 , C.G. Roche leg. ; 6♀♀ , Peak View Motel , Kandy , Kan. Dist. Sri Lanka , 7-14 ( 3♀♀ ), 14-24 ( 3♀♀ ). I.1970 , Davis & Rowe leg. (all NHMUK) ; 5♀♀ 6♂♂ and 4 unsexed, Karen , Taiwan , 25.VI-1.VII ( 2♂♂ ), 17-23.VIII (3 unsexed), 26.VIII-4.XI ( 1♀ ), 12-19 ( 2♀♀ ), 14-19 ( 1♂ ). XI.1972 , 16-22.IV.1973 ( 2♀♀ 3♂♂ and 1 unsexed) (MsT) ; 12♀♀ 2♂♂ , Sunmoon Lake , Taichung , Taiwan , 2.X ( 1♀ ), 8.XI ( 1♀ ).1968, 9 ( 1♀ ), 31 ( 1♂ ).IV, 11 ( 1♂ ), 14 ( 1♀ ).VII, 1 ( 3♀♀ ), 2-8 ( 2♀♀ ), 7-13 ( 1♀ ), 9-15 ( 1♀ ).IX, 4-10.XI ( 1♀ ).1969 (MsT) ; 26♀♀ 7♂♂ , Wufeng , Taichung , Taiwan , 25-28.VI ( 2♀♀ ), 1-3 ( 1♀ 1♂ ), 7-11 ( 1♀ ), 16-20 ( 1♂ ).VII, 19-26.X ( 1♀ ), 29.X-5.XI. ( 2♀♀ ), 5-10 ( 3♀♀ ), 10-15 ( 1♀ 2♂♂ ), 17-22 ( 1♀ 1♂ ).XI, 27.XI-3.XII.1979 ( 2♀♀ 1♂ ), 7-14 ( 1♀ 1♂ ), 15-21 ( 1♀ ), 20-26 ( 2♀♀ ). XII.1979 , 1-4 ( 3♀♀ ), 4-11 ( 1♀ ), 25-31 ( 2♀♀ ). I.1980 , 9-20.II ( 2♀♀ ).1980, K.C. Chou leg. (all TARI). Distribution. Australasian, Eastern Palaearctic, Oceanic, and Oriental regions ( Yu et al. 2016 ). Gauld and Mitchell (1981) recorded this species from Nepal. Diagnosis. Head (Fig. 17B-D ): GOI = 2.5-3.1; lower face 0.7-0.8 x as wide as high; clypeus slightly to strongly convex in profile, its lower margin acute; mandible weakly twisted by 10-20°, moderately long, evenly tapered, its outer surface without a diagonal structure; upper mandibular tooth 1.2-1.5 x as long as lower one; posterior ocellus almost touching eye; antenna with 53-65 flagellomeres and 20th flagellomere 1.8-2.4 x as long as wide. Mesosoma (Fig. 17E ): mesopleuron punctate to longitudinally punctostriate; scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae reaching posterior end and convergent posteriorly; metapleuron punctate to punctostriate; propodeum almost evenly rounded, its posterior area moderately reticulate, outer margin of propodeal spiracle not joining pleural carina by a ridge. Wings (Fig. 17F ): fore wing with AI = 0.4-1.1, CI = 0.3-0.5, ICI = 0.4-0.5, SDI = 1.1-1.4; fore wing vein 1m-cu&M more or less evenly curved, 2r&RS almost straight; fenestra and sclerites of discosubmarginal cell of fore wing as in Figure 17F ; fenestra of fore wing not very long and its anterodistal corner distinctly separated from proximal end of vein RS; proximal sclerite triangular, strongly confluent with distal one, strongly pigmented; central sclerite moderately to strongly pigmented and sclerotised, usually well-delineated oval, positioned in antero- to medio-distal part of fenestra; distal sclerite more or less evenly strong from proximal to distal; proximal corner of marginal cell of fore wing uniformly setose; vein 1cu-a subinterstitial to antefurcal to M&RS by less than 0.3 x 1cu-a length. Colour (Fig. 17 ): body including interocellar area entirely testaceous with black posterior segments of metasoma; wings hyaline. Differential diagnosis. Enicospilus melanocarpus is very similar to E. sauteri , but distinguished by the uniformly setose marginal cell of the fore wing (Fig. 17F ) (marginal cell of fore wing proximally glabrous in E. sauteri ) and the oval central sclerite (Fig. 17F ) (central sclerite linear in E. sauteri ). Many species were synonymised with E. melanocarpus under Gauld's conservative species criteria, but their wide distribution and considerable range of morphological variation indicate this name includes many species. Therefore, further researches are needed to reveal the true species diversity under the name ' Enicospilus melanocarpus '. Figure 17. Enicospilus melanocarpus Cameron, 1905, ♂. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing.