Morpho-phylogeny characterization of Linocarpon bambusina sp. nov. (Linocarpaceae, Chaetosphaeriales) associated with bamboo in Yunnan Province, China Author Zhang, Xian 0000-0001-6097-8922 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China & fungixianzhang @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6097 - 8922 Author Dai, Dongqin 0000-0001-8935-8807 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China & cicidaidongqin @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8935 - 8807 cicidaidongqin@gmail.com Author Du, Tianye 0000-0003-2105-1803 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China & fungitianyed @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2105 - 1803 Author Karunarathna, Samantha C. 0000-0001-7080-0781 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China & samanthakarunarathna @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7080 - 0781 samanthakarunarathna@gmail.com Author Tibpromma, Saowaluck 0000-0002-4706-6547 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China & saowaluckfai @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4706 - 6547 saowaluckfai@gmail.com text Phytotaxa 2023 2023-02-14 584 2 89 103 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.2.2 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.2.2 1179-3163 7639251 Linocarpon bambusina X. Zhang & Tibpromma , sp. nov. ( Fig. 2 ) Index Fungorum number: IF900063; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12953 Holotype : GMB1360 FIGURE 2 . Linocarpon bambusina ( GMB1360, holotype ) a–c. Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. d. Section of an ostiole. e. Section of an ascoma. f. Peridium . g–j. Asci ( i, j stained by Cotton blue reagent). k. Club-shaped pedicel stained by lactophenol cotton blue reagent. l. Ascus apical tip stained by Melzer’s reagent. m. Paraphyses. n–s. Ascospores ( o, r, s stained by lactophenol cotton blue reagent). t. A germinating ascospore. u, v. Colonies on PDA from above and below after one month. Scale bars: d, e = 200 μm; f, k = 20 μm; g–j = 50 μm; l, m = 20 μm; n–s = 50 μm. TABLE 2 . Morphological characteristics, host, and location information of closely related species to Linocarpon bambusina .

Species	Ascomata	Peridium	Hamathecium	Asci	Ascospores	Host	Country	References
L. arengae	125–355 × 878–1,368 μm, solitary or aggregated, superficial, comprising black, dome-shaped, raised, blistering areas, subglobose, flattened at the base, with a central ostiole	64–90 μm diam., cells of textura angularis	2–3.5 µm diam., hyaline, hypha-like, septate paraphyses, longer than asci	132–177 × 9–15 μm, 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, long- pedicellate, with a J-, wedge-shaped, subapical ring	91–102 × 2–4 μm, parallel when immature, becoming spiral when mature, filiform, straight or curved, hyaline, aseptate, containing numerous refringent septum-like bands, ends rounded, with polar mucilaginous appendage at the apex, smooth-walled	Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr	Thailand	Konta et al. (2017)
L. bambusicola	Black, raised, dome-shaped to almost hemispherical areas on the host surface, up to 1300 µm diam., with a central papillate ostiolar canal, gregarious, in section ca. 700–1300 × 550–780 µm, hemispherical	Up to 100 µm thick at the sides, comprising a few layers of brown- walled, elongate cells	Up to 4 μm wide at the base, hypha-like, filamentous, hyaline, septate, tapering distally	155–175–190 × 7.5– 9.5–11 µm, 8-spored, cylindrical, unitunicate, pedicellate, apically rounded, with a refractive, apical, non-amyloid ring, 2.5 × 1.2 µm	107–132.5–170 × 1.5–1.8–2 µm, fasciculate, filiform, unicellular, most slightly curved, hyaline, with refringent septum-like bands, rounded at the apex, the basal end sometimes provided with 1–3 minute mucilaginous drops	Bamboo	Philippines	Cai et al. (2004)
L. pandanicola	Slightly darkened, raised, oval to dome-shaped areas, 1–1.5 μm diam., with central darkened ostiolar dot, mostly solitary or some gregarious, in section 700–800 × 185–260 µm, lenticular to conical, and with a wedge of brown-walled palisade- like cells at the periphery, ostiole periphysate	10–20 µm wide, comprising several layers of thin-walled, compressed, brown- walled cells	Up to 6 µm wide at the base, hypha-like, filamentous, septate, hyaline, tapering distally	160–190 × 8–10 µm, 8-spored, cylindrical, straight, pedicellate, apically rounded, with subapical ring, 2.4 × 1.6 µm	72–100 × 2.6–3.2 µm, multiseriate, filiform, straight or curved, hyaline, containing numerous refringent septum- like bands, with slightly narrowed rounded ends, 1.6–2 µm wide, each provided with a small mucilaginous pad	Pandanus sp.	Indonesia	Hyde (1997)

Etymology: Species epithet refers to the host genus “ bambusa ” from which the holotype was collected. Saprobic on dead culms of bamboo. Sexual morph: Ascomata 150–330 × 360–560 μm ( x = 223.5 × 484 μm, n = 10), solitary or aggregated, mostly aggregated, semi-immersed, black, shiny, dome-shaped, raised, subglobose, flattened at the base, central ostiole with papillate. Ostiole periphysate, carbonaceous. Peridium 15–50 μm wide ( x = 32 μm, n = 10), outer cells merging with the host epidermal cells, composed of brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis . Hamathecium 2.5–6 µm wide ( x = 4 μm, n = 20), hyaline, hypha-like, septate paraphyses. Asci 75–140 × 9–20 μm ( x = 105 × 12 μm, n = 50), 8-spored, unitunicate, long fusiform, shortly pedicellate, furcate pedicel, with a J- subapical ring. Ascospores 65–100 × 2–6 μm ( x = 87 × 4.5 μm, n = 50), fasciculate, filiform, straight or curved, hyaline, 28–30 septa, parallel when immature and becoming spiral when mature in asci, with guttules when immature, ends slightly rounded, without appendage or mucilaginous sheath, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics: Ascospores germinated on PDA within 24 h, and cultured at 25–28 ˚ C after one month, pure mycelia flossy, curled, colonies, circular, umbonate, white to pale brown in above, the reverse side is brown in the middle and yellow-white at the margin. Material examined: China , Yunnan Province , Lijiang City , on dead bamboo culms, 13 July 2021 , D.Q. Dai , DDQ02097 ( holotype , GMB 1360 ; isotype, KUN-HKAS 125776 ; ex-type living culture, GMBCC 1155). Notes: In the phylogenetic tree, our new species Linocarpon bambusina formed a well-separated clade sister to L. pandanicola ( HKUCC 3783, HKUCC 4385, HKUM 16280) with moderate bootstrap support (55% ML ) ( Fig. 1 ). The comparison of LSU nucleotides between our taxon and L. pandanicola ( HKUCC 4385) resulted in 8.1% difference (65/800 bp, without gaps), but L. pandanicola did not have SSU and tef 1-α genes to compare with L. bambusina . Linocaropn bambusina can be distinguished from L. pandanicola by having shiny ascomata, ostiolar papillate, fusiform asci with club shape, ascospores with 28–30 septa, and no appendages or mucilaginous sheath, while these characteristics are not present in L. pandanicola . In addition, our taxon and L. arengae are similar in asci pedicellate with a J- subapical ring, and filiform ascospores with straight or curved but can be distinguished by having semi-immersed ascomata, fusiform asci, ascospores with 28–30 septa, not constricted at septa, guttules, and no appendages or mucilaginous sheath, while L. arengae has immersed ascomata, cylindrical asci, aseptate ascospores, containing numerous refringent septum-like bands with polar mucilaginous appendage at the apex ( Konta et al. 2017 ). Finally, L. bambusina can be distinguished by having solitary or aggregated, mostly aggregated, shiny, semi-immersed ascomata, with a J- subapical ring asci, ascospores with 28–30 septa, without appendage or mucilaginous sheath, while L. bambusicola has gregarious, superficial, ascomata, asci non-amyloid ring, aseptate ascospores, and the basal end sometimes with 1–3 minute mucilaginous drops ( Cai et al. 2004 ). In addition, our new species is distinguished morphologically by its relatively semi-immersed ascomata, 28–30 septate ascospores, and no appendages or mucilaginous sheath, which is different from other species in Linocarpon .