Revision of the Peruvian tarantula Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916): description of a new genus with eleven new species and insights to the evolution of montane tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) Author Radan Kaderka Roztoky u Prahy, Czech Republic radan.kaderka@seznam.cz Author Tim Lüddecke Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany; cLOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics TBG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Author Milan Řezáč Crop Research Institute, Prague 6, Czech Republic Author Veronika Řezáčová Crop Research Institute, Prague 6, Czech Republic Author Martin Hüsser Rudolfstetten, Switzerland text Journal of Natural History 2023 2023-11-30 57 41 - 44 1710 1824 journal article 284800 10.1080/00222933.2023.2265621 e6703401-f739-4ef1-97c0-bd68a4a42fbe 1464-5262 10491985 Urupelma ashaninka sp. n. ( Figures 33–38 , 79 D-F; Tables 13 , 14 , 24 ) Types Male holotype ( MUSM-ENT 0511137 ) from Peru , Junín , Puerto Ocopa , 654 m a.s.l., 4–9 September 2011 , L. Figueroa and I. Medina col.; two male paratypes ( MUSM-ENT 0511138 , MUSM-ENT 0511176 ) and two female paratypes ( MUSM-ENT 0511139 , MUSM-ENT 0511140 ), the same locality and data as for the holotype . Etymology The specific name refers to the native tribe of Ashaninka, inhabiting the valley of Rio Tambo in the Peruvian Amazon. Diagnosis The females of U. ashaninka sp. n. differ from all congeners, except U. johannae sp. n. , in having oval seminal receptacles basally joined ( Figure 38 ). It differs from U. johannae sp. n. in a different colouration, the presence of urticating setae of type III+IV (only type IV in U. johannae sp. n. ) and the extension of urticating setae patch in females (less extended in U. ashaninka sp. nov and more extended in U. johannae sp. n. ) ( Figures 37C and 60D ). Distribution Known only from the type locality ( Figure 76 ). MALE (MUSM-ENT 0511137): ( Figures 34 , 35 ) Total length: 18.48, carapace domed, length 9.37, width 7.48, chelicerae with 12 teeth on promargin. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: ( Figure 33C ) AME 0.35 (circular), ALE 0.44 (oval), PME 0.29 (drop-like), PLE 0.36 (oval), AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.09, PME-PME 0.61, PME-PLE 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.10, AME-PME 0.07, OQ length 0.73, width 1.51. Ocular tubercle length 1.17, width 1.51, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, procurved, width 1.83, 5.90 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.12, width 1.60, anterior third with 37 cuspules, maxillae with 149–153 cuspules in basal half, apical half without short spiniform setae. Sternum length 4.47, width 3.63, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.31, 0.39 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.23, 0.20 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.16, 0.20 from edge of sternum). Cuspules on labiosternal suture joined. Leg formula: IV> I> II> III. Incrassate leg segments: slightly incrassate femur III. Maxillary and trochanteral stridulatory bristles absent. Figure 33. Urupelma ashaninka sp. n. , male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0511137) from Peru, Junín, Puerto Ocopa, 654 m a.s.l. A . Carapace, dorsal view. B . Sternum, labium, maxillae, coxae and trochantera, ventral view. C . Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D . Labium and left maxilla, ventral view. E . Right palpal tibia, retrolateral view. F . Abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka. Table 13. Urupelma ashaninka sp. n. Male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0511176) from Puerto Ocopa, Junín, Peru. Lengths of palpal and leg segments.

Femur	Patella	Tibia	Metatarsus	Tarsus	Total
Palp	4.5	2.7	4.1	–	1.8	13.1
Leg I	7.4	4.2	6.2	5.2	4.1	27.1
Leg II	6.5	3.6	4.8	4.9	4.0	23.8
Leg III	5.4	3.0	4.1	5.6	3.8	21.9
Leg IV	7.7	3.6	6.4	8.7	4.6	31.0

Table 14. Urupelma ashaninka sp. n. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0511176) from Puerto Ocopa, Junín, Peru. Lengths of palpal and leg segments.

Femur	Patella	Tibia	Metatarsus	Tarsus	Total
Palp	4.6	3.1	3.1	–	3.6	14.4
Leg I	6.1	4.2	4.6	3.4	3.1	21.4
Leg II	6.2	3.7	3.6	3.3	3.0	19.8
Leg III	4.6	3.0	3.2	4.1	3.0	17.9
Leg IV	6.3	3.4	4.9	6.4	3.6	24.6

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 60%, metatarsi II 50%, metatarsi III 30%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I and II undivided, tarsal scopulae III divided by a narrow longitudinal band of setae, tarsal scopulae IV divided by a wide longitudinal band of setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi and cymbium with two irregular longitudinal rows of very short claviform trichobothria. Denticulation of paired tarsal claws on left leg (prolateral/retrolateral row): I 3/3, II 2/3, III 4/3, IV 3/2. Plumose setae on retrolateral face of femur IV absent. Figure 34. Urupelma ashaninka sp. n. , male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0511137) from Peru, Junín, Puerto Ocopa, 654 m a.s.l., left tibia I, prolaterally ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka. Spination: femora I p 0-1-3, II p 0-1-2, III p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1, IV p 0-1-2, r 0-1-2 and femora of palps p 0-0-1; patellae I 0, II v 0-0-1 (apical), III p 0-0-1, IV 0 and patellae of palps p 0-0-1; tibiae I v 3-2-2, p 0-1-1, II v 3-2-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, III v 3-2-3 (apical), p 1-2-1, r 1-0-1, IV v 4-3- 5, p 1-0-1, r 1-2-1 and tibiae of palps p 1-0-3; metatarsi I v 1-(0–1)-(1–2), II v 2-2-2 (apical), p 0-1-1, III v 2-2-2-3 (apical), p 1-1-3, r 0-1-1, IV v 2-2-2-3 (apical), p 1-2-1, r 1-1-1-1, tarsi I–IV and tarsi of palps 0. Palpal organ as in Figure 35 , embolus short and stout with three keels, subtriangular PI, transparent A and oval R keel. PS keel is absent. Retrolateral lobe of cymbium, distinctly larger then prolateral cymbial lobe, is covered with short spiniform setae. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia with low subapical protuberance covered with spiniform setae ( Figure 33E ). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I ( Figure 34 ): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with short and stout subapical spine, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis with stout, subapical retrolateral spine. Both apophyses are basally fused. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. When flexed, metatarsus I contacts the retrolateral side of retrolateral tibial apophysis. Abdomen: ( Figure 33F ) urticating setae of type III and IV are located in oval central patch. Size of the patch: length 4.07, width 3.16. PLS: length 2.85, basal segment 1.20, middle segment 0.66, apical segment 0.99, all digitiform. PMS: 0.69. Figure 35. A–B . Urupelma ashaninka sp. n. , male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0511137) from Peru, Junín, Puerto Ocopa, 654 m a.s.l., morphology of right palpal bulb. A . Prolateral view. B . Retrolateral view. C– D . Urupelma ashaninka sp. n. , male paratype (MUSM-ENT 0511176) from Peru, Junín, Puerto Ocopa, 654 m a.s.l., morphology of right palpal bulb. C . Prolateral view. D . Retrolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka. Colouration and covering setae: dorsal view: carapace brown covered with pale pubescence, coxae, trochantera brown, femora dark brown, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two equal longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes without covering setae. Abdomen dark brown, except for the central patch which is darker. Ventral view: labium, sternum, maxillae, coxae yellowish brown, legs brown, ventral abdomen light brown. Spinnerets light brown. FEMALE (MUSM-ENT 0511139): ( Figure 37 ) Total length: 24.2, carapace length 9.7, width 7.5, chelicerae with 13–14 teeth on promargin. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: ( Figure 37E ) AME 0.346 (circular), ALE 0.45 (oval), PME 0.31 (oval), PLE 0.37 (oval), AME-AME 0.13, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-PME 0.69, PME-PLE 0.08, ALE-PLE 0.14, AME-PME 0.10, OQ length 0.84, width 1.57. Ocular tubercle: length 1.25, width 1.57, clypeus narrow, length 0.05. Fovea transverse, procurved, width 1.32, 6.6 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.32, width 1.78, anterior third with 57 cuspules, maxillae with 174–192 cuspules in basal half, apical half without short spiniform setae. Sternum length 4.48, width 3.92, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.43, 0.39 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.23, 0.23 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.16, 0.26 from edge of sternum). Cuspules on labio-sternal suture joined. Leg formula: IV> I> II> III. All leg segments uniform. Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 60%, metatarsi II 50%, metatarsi III 30%, metatarsi IV 15% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I undivided, tarsal scopulae II divided by a narrow longitudinal band of setae, in tarsi III and IV divided by a wide band of setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi and cymbium with two irregular longitudinal rows of very short claviform trichobothria. Denticulation of paired tarsal claws on right leg (prolateral/retrolateral row): I 3/4, II 4/4, III 3/3, IV 4/3. Plumose setae on retrolateral face of femur IV absent. Spination:femora I d 0-0-2, II d 0-0-1, III d 0-0-1, IV 0 and femora of palps d 0-0-1, patellae I 0, II 0, III p 0-0-1, IV 0 and patellae of palps 0, tibiae I v 0-1-1 (apical), II v 0-1-2 (apical), p 0-0-1, III v 0-2-3 (apical), p 1-0-1, r 1-0-1, IV v 0-1-2 (apical), p 0-2-2, r 1-0-1 and tibiae of palps v 0-1-3 (apical), metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 0-1-1 (apical), p 0-0-1, III v 3-2-2 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 0-1-1, IV v 1-3-3 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 0-1-1, tarsi I–IV and tarsi of palps 0. Spermathecae: ( Figure 38 ) fused seminal receptacles, terminating with two oval lobes, dorsally concave. Abdomen: urticating setae of type IV are located in oval central patch. PLS: length 3.72, basal segment 1.69, middle segment 0.94, apical segment 1.09, all digitiform. PMS: 0.87. Colouration and covering setae: dorsal view: ( Figure 36 ) carapace reddish brown, coxae and trochantera with pale pubescence, chelicerae brown, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown, intermixed with long, pale setae. Patellae I, II, palpal patella and tibiae with two equal parallel longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes. Palpal femur prolaterally bare. Abdomen ( Figure 36 ) covered with short dark brown setae, intermixed with long, pale setae, except for the oval central patch which is dark brown. Length of the central patch: 5.7, width 4.2. Ventral view: labium, maxillae, coxae, sternum and trochantera reddish-brown, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi brown. Abdomen ventrally light yellowish brown, without dark longitudinal band. Spinnerets light yellowish brown. Figure 36. Urupelma ashaninka sp. n. , female (MUSM-ENT 0513573) from Peru, Junín, Puerto Ocopa, 387 m a.s.l., habitus, dorsal view. Photo by R. Kaderka. Variability The variability in the shape of spermathecae and bulbs is shown in Figures 35 and 38 . Remarks In the jar with type material there is also additional material comprising immature or juvenile specimens ( three females and two males ).