The discovery of Euryrhynchidae (Crustacea: Decapoda) in India, with the description of a new genus and species Author Grave, Sammy De Author Arjun, Charambilly Purushothaman Author Raghavan, Rajeev text Zootaxa 2018 2018-08-28 4462 3 367 378 journal article 29393 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.4 896825be-23b0-42c1-9c31-64d4f027b0b4 1175-5326 1441701 D9517A3B-9B8B-44A0-AAB7-9670A992D242 Eurindicus bhugarbha sp. nov. ( FigS. 2–6 ) Type material. India . Holotype : male (pocl 3.2 mm ), homeStead well uSed for drinking water and irrigation at Puthiyatheru, Chirakkal , Kannur DiStrict, Kerala , 11.911°N 75.364°E , 29m a.S.l , 8.64 m deep, leg. C.P. Arjun, 07.II.2017 , BNHS CAR 1. ParatypeS: male (pocl 3.0 mm), Same detailS, diSSected, BNHS CAR 2; male (pocl 2.4 mm ), Same detailS, BNHS CAR 3. Description. Carapace Smooth, branchioStegal grooVe well-deVeloped ( Fig. 2A–C ); roStrum triangular in dorSal View ( Fig. 2C ), depreSSed, falling Short of diStal margin of eyeS; SparSely SetoSe; Sub-orbital angle poorly deVeloped; antennal tooth marginal, diStinct, confluent with Sub-orbital angle; pterygoStomial angle rounded. EyeS Short ( FigS. 2A–B ), conical, cornea abSent, diStal part of eyeS hyaline, proximal part appearing denSer with diSperSed globuleS; anteromeSial peduncle not produced, without Setae. Fourth thoracic Sternite (maleS) without tranSVerSal ridge or tooth; fifth thoracic Sternite ( Fig. 2I ) with welldeVeloped tranSVerSal ridge, with broad median lobeS. Abdomen Smooth ( Fig. 2D ), pleura 1–3 Ventrally rounded; pleuron 2 expanded, oVerlapping both pleuron 1 and 3; pleura 4–5 poStero-lateral angle quadrate; poStero-lateral margin of pleuron 6 produced into rounded lobe. Antennular peduncle ( FigS. 2E–G ) with Stylocerite expanded into tooth; antero-lateral margin of baSal Segment produced into Sharp, recurVed tooth, reaching middle of Second Segment; Second Segment with both antero-lateral and antero-medial angle bluntly produced, aSymmetrical; third Segment quadrate; lower antennular flagellum long, about 2.5 x carapace length; upper antennular flagellum biramouS, joint portion conSiSting of three diViSionS; acceSSory ramuS Short, with four conical diViSionS; two pairS of aeSthetaScS preSent diStally on third diViSion, fiVe pairS medially and diStally on fourth diViSion. Scaphocerite broad ( Fig. 2H ), Slightly longer than antennular peduncle; fringed with annular, plumoSe Setae; lateral margin Straight, ending in diStal tooth, falling Short of diStal margin of lamella; carpocerite with diSto-lateral tooth. Mandible with inciSor and molar proceSS widely Separated ( Fig. 3A ), palp abSent, inciSor with three teeth; molar ridged. Maxillule ( Fig. 3B ) with two enditeS; lower endite diStally with plumoSe Setae; upper endite with cuSpidate and pappoSe Setae; palp bilobed, non-SetoSe. Maxilla ( Fig. 3C ) with Single endite, terminally with Simple Setae; endopod Short, diStally recurVed; Scaphognathite large. FirSt maxilliped ( Fig. 3D ) with well-deVeloped exopodS; enditeS Separated oVer entire width; endopod well-deVeloped; caridean lobe broad. Second maxilliped ( Fig. 3E ) with Single podobranch, endopod without diStinguiShing featureS; exopodS well-deVeloped. Third maxilliped ( Fig. 3F ) pediform, elongate; endopod four-Segmented, two arthrobranchS preSent, dorSal one with reduced lamellae. FirSt pereiopod Slender ( Fig. 4A ), oVer-reaching Scaphocerite by diStal half of propoduS; meruS about 2.0 x length of iSchium; carpuS of equal length to meruS; carpo-propodal bruSh preSent, but reduced ( Fig. 4B ); chelae about 0.75 x length of carpuS, fingerS of equal length to palm, both ending in Strong tooth; lower Surface of palm and fixed finger with well-deVeloped tuft of Serrate Setae; tipS of both fingerS with tuft of Simple Setae. FIGURE 2. Eurindicus bhugarbha gen nov., sp. nov. A) Carapace, frontal region, lateral vieW; B) same, dorsal vieW; C) frontal margin, lateral vieW; D) sixth pleonite, lateral vieW; E) antennule; F), same, detail; G) same, detail; H) scaphocerite; I) pereon, fifth sternite; J) telson; K) uropod; L) same, protopod; M) same, diaresis. All from paratype, male (pocl 3.0 mm), BNHS CAR 2. FIGURE 3. Eurindicus bhugarbha gen nov., sp. nov. A) mandible; B) maxillule (coxal endite separated during dissection); C) maxilla; D) first maxilliped; E) second maxilliped; F) third maxilliped. All from paratype, male (pocl 3.0 mm), BNHS CAR 2. FIGURE 4. Eurindicus bhugarbha gen nov., sp. nov. A) first pereiopod; B) same, carpo-propodal brush; C) second pereiopod, minor; D) second pereiopod, major; E) same, chela; F) third pereiopod; G) fourth pereipod; H) fifth pereiopod, propodus and dactylus. All from paratype, male (pocl 3.0 mm), BNHS CAR 2. Second pereiopodS, robuSt, Subequal, Similar ( FigS. 4 C–D ), oVer-reaching Scaphocerite by diStal half of propoduS; meruS Subequal in length to iSchium; carpuS Subequal in length to meruS; anterior margin without teeth; chelae about 3.0 aS long aS carpuS; fingerS about 0.70 x length of palm, both ending in Single tooth; proximal margin of cutting edge of fixed finger with two, low teeth; Single tooth on moVeable finger ( Fig. 4E ). Third to fifth pereiopodS Similar in Shape and Size. Third pereiopod ( Fig. 4F ) oVer-reaching Scaphocerite by entire length of propoduS; meruS about 1.4 x length of iSchium; carpuS about 0.6 x length of meruS, without cuSpidate Setae on diStoVentral margin; propoduS about 1.7 x length of carpuS, lower margin with 5–6 Spiniform Setae, Scattered along margin; dactyl ( Fig. 5C ) about 0.4 x length of propoduS, bifid, unguiS not clearly demarcated. Fourth pereiopod ( Fig. 4G ) Similar to third, oVer-reaching Scaphocerite by diStal third of propoduS; lower margin of propoduS with 5–6 Spiniform Setae; carpuS without cuSpidate Setae on diStoVentral margin; dactyluS ( Fig. 5D ) Similar to third. Fifth pereiopod ( Fig. 4H ) Similar, oVer-reaching antennal Scale by diStal two-thirdS of propoduS; propodal cleaning bruSh with two rowS of pappoSe Setae; diStal Setae more robuSt. TelSon ( Fig. 2J ) broad, about 1.6 x aS long aS wide, reaching to 0.7 x uropod length; dorSal Surface with two, marginally placed pairS of SpineS; anterior pair at 0.3 of telSon length; poSterior pair of equal Size, at 0.6 of telSon length; poSterior margin broadly rounded, anteriorly conStricted, laterally with two pairS of SpineS, medial pair about 2.5 x length of lateral pair; diStal margin with annulated, plumoSe Setae. FIGURE 5. Eurindicus bhugarbha gen nov., sp. nov. A) first pleopod; B) second pleopod; C) third pereiopod, dactylus; D) fourth pereiopod, dactylus; E) fifth pereiopod, dactylus. All from paratype, male (pocl 3.0 mm), BNHS CAR 2. Uropod ( Fig. 2K ) broad; protopod with weakly deVeloped lateral expanSion ( Fig. 2L ), tip with 4–5 elongate, Simple Setae; endopod and exopod equal in length; diareSiS complete, but weaker medially, furniShed with Single cuSpidate Seta ( Fig. 2M ) at lateral angle; marginS of endopod and exopodS with annulate, plumoSe Setae. FirSt pleopod (male) ( Fig. 5A ) with elongate protopod; exopod about 1.4 x length of endopod; appendix interna preSent; diStally with 4–5 cincinulli; baSal margin of endopod with two coupling hookS. Second pleopod (male) ( Fig. 5B ) with elongate protopod, exopodS Slightly longer than endopod; endopod with appendiceS internae and maSculine; appendix maSculina longer than interna, lateral and diStal margin with elongate, Simple Setae; baSal margin of endopod with two coupling hookS. Third to fifth pleopod (male) with well-deVeloped endopod; appendix interna preSent, Shorter than endopod. Branchial formula. Podobranch on Second maxilliped; epipodS on maxillipedS 1–2; exopodS on maxillipedS 1– 3; two arthrobranchS on maxilliped 3; Single pleurobranch on pereiopodS 1–5. Colour pattern. The SpecieS iS largely colourleSS and tranSparent, but with a yellow-orange hue on the body ( Fig. 6 ). FIGURE 6. Eurindicus bhugarbha gen nov., sp. nov. Holotype, male (pocl 3.2 mm), BNHS CAR 1. A) Whole animal shortly after capture; B) carapace and frontal region; C) rostrum. Etymology. The SpecieS name ‘ bhugarbha ’ meanS underground in Malayalam, the natiVe language Spoken in the State of Kerala in Southern India , uSed aS a noun in appoSition. Habitat. A priVate homeStead well, 8.64 m deep, which haS been regularly uSed Since 1994 for drinking water and home-baSed irrigation purpoSeS. The well iS compoSed of lateritic Soil for the initial depth of up to 5 meterS followed by clay. Water temperature in the well waS 26±1°C. Distribution. Currently only known from the type locality in Puthiyatheru, Kannur DiStrict, Kerala State, Southern India . It iS not known whether the SpecieS occurS in adjoining wellS or iS further diStributed in the aquifer. Systematic remarks. See under Eurindicus gen. nov.