A synoptic review of the family Dendronotidae (Mollusca: Nudibranchia): a multilevel organismal diversity approach
Author
Korshunova, Tatiana
Author
Bakken, Torkild
Author
GrØtan, Viktor V.
Author
Johnson, Kjetil B.
Author
Lundin, Kennet
Author
Martynov, Alexander
text
Contributions To Zoology
2021
2020-08-28
90
1
93
153
journal article
7653
10.1163/18759866-BJA10014
4d549485-cfa2-4efb-a676-e855443d2613
4623915
Dendronotus nordenskioeldi
sp. nov.
Figs 1–3
,
5–7
ZooBank: http://
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
9FB63088-BF8A-4990-B292-7E26DEA0FDCF
Etymology
. In honour of Baron Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, outstanding Arctic explorer, geologist, and mineralogist. The Laptev Sea
had been originally named “Nordenskiöld Sea”, after this Arctic explorer.
Type
locality
. Laptev Sea.
Type
material
.
Holotype
.
ZMMU Op-665
.
Arctic region
,
Laptev Sea
, sta.
100, 69 m
depth, collector
Olga Zimina
.
Description
. Body relatively narrow, preserved
holotype
19 mm
length (fig. 5). Fiveto six main branched appendages on oral veil. Five appendages on rhinophoral stalks; 12–14 rhinophoral lamellae. Lateral papilla on rhinophoral sheath present. Five pairs of dorsolateral appendages. Circa 20 lip papillae. Dorsolateral appendages with relatively short primary stalk, moderately branched secondary branchesandtertiarybranches (fig. 5A, B). Basal colour is semitranslucent white. No additional pigment. Dorsal processes of jaws inclined posteriorly at approximately 53° to the longitudinal axis of the jaw body and 0.42 of its length (fig. 5D). Masticatory border of jaw with fine denticles (fig. 5E). Radular formula: 43 × 3–
11.1.11
–3. Central (rachidian) tooth bears very weak denticulation that are difficult to separate into individual denticles (up to 20 and more variously varied denticles at least) (fig. 5F, G). Denticles without deep furrows.Lateralteeth elongate, slightly curved, bearing up to seven denticles (+ 2–3 reduced denticles may present) (fig. 4F–H). Ampulla thickened, kidney-shaped. Prostate discoidal, consisting of up to 20 alveolar glands. Distal part of vas deferens moderate in length, transitioning to long, thick, curved copulatory organ. Bursa copulatrix large, distinctly elongated, with seminal receptaculum placed distally.
Distribution
. So far known only from the Laptev Sea.
FIGURE 5
Dendronotus nordenskioeldi
sp. nov.
ZMMU Op-665, external and internal morphology. a–b: living holotype, dorsal and lateral views respectively; c: ventral view of preserved holotype; d: jaw of holotype; e: irregular denticles on the masticatory edge of the holotype; f: posterior part of radula; g: central teeth of radula; h: lateral teeth of radula of holotype. Scale bars: d: 1mm; e: 20 µm; f: 100 µm; g, h: 30 µm. PHOTOGRAPHS BY O. ZIMINA (A, B) AND T. KORSHUNOVA (C). SEM MICROGRAPHS BY A. MARTYNOV
Remarks. Externally,
Dendronotus
nordenskioeldi sp. nov. resembles white forms of
D. lacteus
but differs by the absence of a distinct
reticulation and peculiar ribs on the central teeth, which is a common characteristic of
D. lacteus (
Korshunova et al., 2017a
)
. According
FIGURE 6 Reproductive systems. a,
Dendronotus yrjargul
sp. nov.
; b,
D. kalikal
; c,
D. elegans
; d,
D
.
nordenskioeldi
sp. nov.
Scale bars: a–d 1mm. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fgm, female gland mass; fo, female opening; p, penis; pr, prostate; rs, receptaculum seminis; ud, uterine duct; vd, vas deferens; vg, vaginal duct.
to the molecular differences, a minimal intergroup distance for the COI gene (7.9%) is found between
D. nordenskioeldi
sp. nov
and
D. europaeus
. The mean intergroup distances between
D. nordenskioeldi
sp. nov.
and
D. rufus
,
D. lacteus
,
and
D. kamchaticus
are 8.3%, 8.3%, and 8.8% respectively. Amaximal intergroup distance (15.0%) is found between
D. nordenskioeldi
sp. nov
and
D. patricki
(Appendix,
table A2
).
Synopsis of the previously described valid taxa of the family
Dendronotidae