An integrative taxonomy of the genus Stasimopus Simon 1892 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) of the Karoo with the description of nine new species and a Stasimopus maraisi Hewitt 1914 male
Author
Brandt, Shannon
0000-0002-6435-9333
Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa shannon. brandt @ tuks. co. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6435 - 9333 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1578 - 0973
shannon.brandt@tuks.co.za
Author
Sole, Catherine
0000-0002-6435-9333
Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa shannon. brandt @ tuks. co. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6435 - 9333 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1578 - 0973
shannon.brandt@tuks.co.za
Author
Lyle, Robin
0000-0002-5279-5306
Agricultural Research Council - Plant Health and Protection, Biosystematics, Roodeplaat, Pretoria, South Africa LyleR @ arc. agric. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5279 - 5306 * Corresponding authors
text
Zootaxa
2023
2023-09-05
5341
1
1
60
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5341.1.1
journal article
265960
10.11646/zootaxa.5341.1.1
94a062b7-8464-4568-ac3b-5a259cb5fa50
1175-5334
8323744
8EFAFE67-8C74-46D4-A4F7-966822C8DEBC
Genus
Stasimopus
Simon 1892
Simon 1892: 82
;
Pocock 1897: 726–728
;
Hewitt 1915b: 75–85
;
Roewer 1942: 159
;
Raven 1985: 143–144
;
Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002: 31–38
;
Engelbrecht and Prendini 2012: 8
.
Type
species:
Stasimopus caffrus
(
Koch 1842
)
.
Diagnosis:
The family
Stasimopidae
is monogeneric (
Opatova
et al.
2020
. The characters for distinguishing this genus thus applies to the family. The family differs from other Ctenizid-like taxa based on the following suite of characteristics based on
Raven (1985)
: The tibia of leg III lacking a saddle-like excavation, the ocelli is twice as wide as it is long and the anterior lobe of the maxillae is anteriorly produced (
Engelbrecht & Prendini 2012
;
Opatova
et al.
2020
).
Description:
General:
Medium to large bodied spiders (
22–42 mm
) (
Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002
).
Carapace:
Cephalic region dome shaped with procurved fovea (
Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002
). In
S. filmeri
,
the fovea forms into horn-like protrusion (
Engelbrecht & Prendini 2012
).
Ocelli:
The eyes occur in single cluster on forefront of cephalic region and eyes arranged in two transverse rows (
Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002
;
Pocock 1897
). Posterior row wider than anterior row (
Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002
;
Raven 1985
).
Chelicerae:
Distinct rastellum with thick spines, as well as cheliceral furrow with two rows of teeth (
Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002
).
Sternum, labium and maxillae:
The sternum has single pair of sigilla present. Sigilla are situated opposite III coxa (
Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002
;
Pocock 1897
). In some male species sigilla are fused at anterior end, forming an arrow-like shape. Labium cuspules present in females and bare in males (
Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002
). Maxilla has longer process only at distal end forming a long cone (
Pocock 1897
;
Raven 1985
). Maxilla has few basal teeth present (
Pocock 1897
).
Abdomen:
Varies in colour. Four spinnerets. Posterior spinnerets have domed apical segments (
Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002
).
Pedipalps:
Male bulb is simple pyriform (
Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002
).
Legs:
Female legs are short and stocky. Three tarsal claws present, the paired claw with one large tooth and two smaller teeth below, third claw is untoothed (
Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002
). Distal segments of leg I and II densely spined (
Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002
). Males have long slender legs.
Spermathecae:
Multilobular (
Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002
).
Distribution:
The genus is currently recorded from
Lesotho
and
South Africa
, in all provinces except
Limpopo
. It is an endemic to the Afrotropical region.
Included taxa:
In this paper, nine new species are described and a description of a
S. maraisi
male. This increases the number of species in the genus to 56, with 23 of them found in the Karoo region.
Key to adult females of five
Stasimopus
species
in the Karoo region
1. Tuft of spines present ventrally on metatarsus III (
Fig 20E
).................................................... 2
- Tuft of spines not present ventrally on metatarsus III......................................................... 3
2. Patch of spinules on metatarsus I extends ½ the segment length (
Fig 20A
)........................
S. hamartia
sp. nov.
- Patch of spinules on metatarsus I extends ¼ the segment length (
Fig 38A
)....................
S. venterstadensis
sp. nov.
3. Chelicera with extremely dense denticles (>45) (
Fig 34C
)........................................
S. theaei
sp. nov.
- Chelicera with few denticles (<15) (
Fig 23C
)............................................................... 4
4. Metatarsus III with>26 spines in each row dorsally (
Fig 24C
)......................................
S. ignis
sp. nov.
- Metatarsus III with <21 spines in each row dorsally (
Fig 31E
)......................................
S. teras
sp. nov.
FIGURE 5.
Three
Stasimopus
species
in habitus view. (A) Male of
Stasimopus dylani
sp. nov.
(NCA 2019/663). (B) Male of
Stasimopus finni
sp. nov.
(NCA 2019/605). (C) Female of
Stasimopus hamartia
sp. nov.
(NCA 2017/1852). (D) Male of
Stasimopus hamartia
sp. nov.
(NCA 2017/1891). Scale: 1cm.
FIGURE 6.
Three
Stasimopus
species
in habitus view. (A) Female of
Stasimopus ignis
sp. nov.
(NCA 2019/653). (B) Male of
Stasimopus ignis
sp. nov.
(NCA 2019/642). (C) Male of
Stasimopus karooensis
sp. nov.
(SAM- ENW-C007293). (D) Male of
Stasimopus malesociatus
sp. nov
.
(AMGS-5367). Scale: 1cm.
FIGURE 7.
Four
Stasimopus
species
in habitus view. (A) Female of
Stasimopus teras
sp. nov.
(NCA 2019/643). (B) Female of
Stasimopus theaei
sp. nov.
(NCA 2019/606). (C) Female of
Stasimopus venterstadensis
sp. nov.
(NCA 2019/610). (D). Male of
Stasimopus maraisi
(NCA 2019/630). Scale: 1cm.
Key to adult males of six
Stasimopus
species
in the Karoo region*
*
S. hamartia
not included due to damaged state.
1. The largest eye is the AME (
Fig 11D
)..................................................................... 2
- The largest eye is the ALE (
Fig 11B
)...................................................................... 3
2. Embolus extends posteriorly in relation to pedipalp tibia (
Fig 29B
)............................
S. malesociatus
sp. nov.
- Embolus extends perpendicularly in relation to pedipalp tibia (
Fig 27A
)..........................
S. karooensis
sp. nov.
3. Pedipalp reaches <1/5 of tibia I length..................................................................... 4
- Pedipalp reaches>1/3 of tibia I length..................................................................... 5
4. The carapace is smooth in texture (
Fig 7D
)...................................................
S. maraisi
sp. nov.
- The carapace is rugose in texture (
Fig 5B
)......................................................
S. finni
sp. nov.
5. Embolus extends almost parallel in relation to pedipalp tibia (
Fig 10B
)..............................
S. dylani
sp. nov.
- Embolus extends distally in relation to pedipalp tibia (
Fig 25B
).....................................
S. ignis
sp. nov.