Revision of the genus Corythalia C. L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini) Author Bayer, Steffen Author Höfer, Hubert Author Metzner, Heiko text Zootaxa 2020 2020-06-30 4806 1 1 144 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4806.1.1 1175-5326 3927380 722DB6C9-2C18-48EB-B202-7F2AFF47F49F Corythalia dakryodes Bayer , sp. nov. Figs 1 D–E, 28A–C, 62E, 73A–B, 77A urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 03E68831-AF2C-4BE2-80CF-130F855A5819 Type material. Holotype : ♀ , COLOMBIA [most likely the locality within Colombia is the following: Departa- mento del Magdalena : Zona Bananera : S of Ciénaga , roughly 74°13’W , 10°59’N within an area of 30 km southextension and 5 km west- and 5 km east-extension (in the southern section 10 km east-extension), roughly 20–50 m a.s.l. ]; collected in Hamburg Harbour ( Germany ) with banana transportation, G. Schmidt leg. 13 June 1952 , G. Schmidt det. as C. dimidiata Simon , deposited 1972, SMF 25804 . Paratype ♀ with the same data as holotype, SMF 25804 (put in separate vial in the course of the present study) . FIGURE 28. Corythalia dakryodes Bayer , sp. nov. , female holotype from Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia. A–C epigyne (A ventral view; B vulva, dorsal view; C schematic course of internal duct system). Additional material. COLOMBIA : Departamento del Magdalena : Santa Marta , Rodadero : 1 ♀ , Borys Mal- kin leg. 23–31 May 1968 , AMNH-IZC 00327104 . ECUADOR : Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas : Santo Domingo de los Colorados , about 550 m , ca. 0°15’S , 79°10’W : 1 ♀ , W. Weyrauch (with highest likelihood) leg., SMF (col- lection number not yet given) . Etymology. The specific name refers to the tear-like (drop-like) secondary spermathecae of the female holotype (Ancient Greek “dakryodes” means “like tears”, “like drops”); term in apposition. Diagnosis. Females distinguished from those of all other Corythalia species by the following characters in combination: epigynal windows (W) elongated oval; very small gap antero-laterally between lateral margin and anterior margin of W (the latter extremely diverging anteriorly and then running even postero-laterally) ( Figs 28A , 73 A–B); secondary spermathecae (SS) elongated drop-shaped ( Figs 1D , 28B , 77A ); primary spermathecae (PS) as long as broad and not extending beyond posterior margins of epigynal windows; final section of copulatory duct (before meeting SS) running latero-posteriorly; connective ducts at final sections (before meeting PS) with loop-like windings ( Figs 1 D–E, 28B–C, 77A). Description. Male unknown. Female (measurements of holotype first, those of paratype in parentheses): total length 8.3 (8.4), carapace length 3.9, maximal carapace width 3.1 (3.2), width of eye rectangle 2.3 (2.4), opisthosoma length 3.6, opisthosoma width 2.4 (2.5), fovea length 0.28 (0.33). EYES: AME 0.66 (0.70), ALE 0.39 (0.40), PME 0.14 (0.11), PLE 0.37 (0.38), AME–AME 0.07 (0.10), AME–ALE 0.12 (0.18), PME–PME 2.10 (2.21), PME–PLE 0.40 (0.44), ALE–PLE 1.05 (1.04), PLE–PLE 1.86 (1.97), clypeus height at AME 0.37 (0.36), clypeus height at ALE 0.88 (0.86). Cheliceral furrow with 1 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth. SPINATION: palp: no spines. Legs: femur I 1500 , II 1600 , III 1500 (1600), IV 0600 (1600); patella I 1000 , II 1000 (1000{1010}), III–IV 1010; tibia I 2015 , II 3025, III–IV 3133; metatarsus I–II 2024, III 3044 (3134), IV 5054 (4044). MEASUREMENT OF PALP AND LEGS: palp 3.3 (3.5) [1.4 (1.3), 0.5 (0.6), 0.4 (0.5), 1.0 (1.1)], I 6.2 (6.8) [2.1 (2.2), 1.2 (1.3), 1.3 (1.4), 1.0 (1.2), 0.6 (0.7)], II 6.3 (6.7) [2.1 (2.2), 1.3, 1.2 (1.3), 1.1 (1.2), 0.6 (0.7)], III 7.5 (8.1) [2.3 (2.6), 1.3 (1.4.), 1.4 (1.5), 1.6, 0.9 (1.0)], IV 7.9 (8.3) [2.5, 1.2, 1.6 (1.8), 1.7 (1.8), 0.9 (1.0)]. LEG FORMULA: 4321 (4312). COPULATORY ORGAN: epigyne with oval elongated epigynal windows (W) with very small gap antero-laterally between anterior and lateral margin of W ( Figs 28A , 73 A–B); W so to speak with double anterior margin; septum very narrow; epigynal field clearly broader than long, surrounding epigyne just narrowly ( Figs 28A , 73 A–B); structures of vulva visible through epigynal cuticle, primary spermathecae (PS) filling more than posterior half of W ( Figs 28A , 73 A–B). Vulva with large spherical PS; secondary spermathecae (SS) elongated tear-drop-shaped, with heads of spermathecae located posteriorly ( Figs 1 D–E, 28B–C, 77A); connective ducts between both spermathecae running diagonally (with a moderate bent) from antero-lateral to postero-medial, with a small loop-like winding finally, before meeting PS (postero-) medially; copulatory duct with an arcuate course from copulatory opening antero-medially to SS ( Figs 1 D–E, 28B–C, 77A); fertilisation ducts arising centro-anteriorly on primary spermathecae, initially running medio-anteriorly, then bent and directed transversal laterally ( Figs 1 D–E, 28B–C, 77A). COLOURATION: see genus description for conservative aspects. Carapace red-brown ( Fig. 62E ). Legs quite light yellowish brown to red-brown ( Fig. 62E ). Opisthosoma like noted in genus description under general dorsal colouration, except for anterior transversal band missing, chevron-like patch in central band relatively light red-brown, but recognisable as such ( Fig. 62E ). Intraspecific variation of female copulatory organs. Female holotype ( Figs 28A , 73A ) with slightly longer epigynal windows than in paratype ( Fig. 73B ); posterior half of epigyne in paratype slightly broader than anterior half ( Fig. 73B ), in holotype anterior and posterior halves equal in width ( Figs 28A , 73A ). Primary spermathecae in holotype ( Figs 28 A–B, 73A, 77A) in relation to the width of epigynal windows slightly larger than in paratype ( Figs 1D , 73B ). In paratype secondary spermathecae (SS) slightly less elongated and connective ducts subdistally with clearly less distinct loop ( Fig. 1D ), whereas in holotype SS being more elongated and connective duct finally with conspicuous loop ( Figs 28B , 77A ). Remarks. The two female types were collected by G. Schmidt 1952 at the harbour in Hamburg. Several years later G. Schmidt identified them as C. dimidiata Simon, 1901 . As Schmidt traced the origin of the charge (of banana fruits) as ‘Colombia’, he must have checked the catalogues on spider literature of species known at that time, i.e. Roewer (1954a , b) and Bonnet (1956) . In these publications the land/island/region/continent of distribution is listed for each species. Schmidt might have found that C. dimidiata was the only species listed for Colombia except C. electa , which could be excluded from the further identification process because of the different dorsal colouration of the females. Note: at that time the females of C. electa were still misinterpreted; in the present study we found that the female paralectotypes were definitely misidentified, and, in fact, are C. spiralis (see under C. electa below). Corythalia dimidiata , however, is a nomen nudum , which is definitely not identifiable and recognisable (see under ‘ nomina nuda ’ below). The locality in Colombia from where the type specimens originated is most likely within the Zona Bananera south of Ciénaga (see material list above) as by far the most Colombian bananas that are exported abroad are planted in that region. As long as the conspecific male of C. dakryodes Bayer , sp. nov. remains undiscovered, it is difficult to predict possible relationships of this species. The species belonging to the C. waleckii species group ( C. waleckii , C. electa , C. tropica , C. fulgipedia , C. longiducta sp. nov. and others) might be closely related as they have the following characters in common: elongated drop- or kidney-shaped secondary spermathecae, quite long connective ducts, more or less round primary spermathecae and elongated epigynal windows. However, in this new species the distal sections of the copulatory ducts are running latero-posteriorly, because of the very far anterior situated copulatory openings. At least this aspect would rather argue against a close relationship with the species of the C. waleckii species group. Distribution. Colombia , Ecuador .