Revision of the genus Corythalia C. L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini) Author Bayer, Steffen Author Höfer, Hubert Author Metzner, Heiko text Zootaxa 2020 2020-06-30 4806 1 1 144 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4806.1.1 1175-5326 3927380 722DB6C9-2C18-48EB-B202-7F2AFF47F49F Corythalia scutellaris Bayer , sp. nov. Figs 27 A–E, 58E, 62F, 65G, 69B, 72I, 76I urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0A7D9EE9-19AB-4041-88E3-C80C78A9AF31 Type material. Holotype : ♂ (M-2), ECUADOR (most likely from one of the provinces Guayas , Los Ríos or El Oro ); collected in Hamburg harbour ( Germany ) with a banana fruit import, G. Schmidt leg., deposited at SMF 07 July 2004 , Ref. No. 319, SMF (collection number not yet given) . Paratypes : ♂ [M-1], 2 ♀ [F-1–2] with exactly the same data as for holotype, SMF (collection number not yet given) . Etymology. The specific name refers to the prolateral section of the embolus base of the male type specimens of this species (Latin subject “scutella” means “little flat plate” or “little very flat bowl”); (derived) adjective. Diagnosis. Males distinguished from those of all other Corythalia species by the following characters in combination: embolus (E) (actual tubular section) S-shaped, long [longer than width of tegulum (T)] and distally minimally bifurcated (very flat incision recognisable); embolus base (EB) proximo-prolaterally clearly distinguished from prolateral part of T and thus resembling a flat, small plate ( Figs 27A , 65G ); E in retrolateral view ( Figs 27B , 69B ) with very broad proximal section (broader than 3/4 the width of T in retrolateral view). Females distinguished from those of all other Corythalia species by the following characters in combination: epigynal windows (W) large, all functional structures of the vulva visible beneath the cuticle of W; W with gap postero-laterally ( Figs 27C , 72I ). Vulva anteriorly with arch-like structures; secondary spermathecae (SS) large [longer than and almost as broad as primary spermathecae (PS)] and kidney-shaped; copulatory ducts very short and in dorsal view (at least largely) covered by posterior sections of SS ( Figs 27C , 72I ). Description. Male (measurements of holotype first, those of paratype male in parentheses): total length 7.8 (6.8), carapace length 4.3 (3.3), maximal carapace width 3.1 (2.6), width of eye rectangle 2.3 (2.0), opisthosoma length 3.2 (2.9), opisthosoma width 2.3 (2.3), fovea length 0.31 (0.28). EYES: AME 0.75 (0.66), ALE 0.45 (0.38), PME 0.15 (0.12), PLE 0.41 (0.34), AME–AME 0.06 (0.05), AME–ALE 0.08 (0.06), PME–PME 2.04 (1.82), PME–PLE 0.38 (0.34), ALE–PLE 0.95 (0.88), PLE–PLE 1.82 (1.65), clypeus height at AME 0.41 (0.32), clypeus height at ALE 0.94 (0.81). Cheliceral furrow with 2 (one of them even smaller and both very close together) promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth (1 promarginal tooth & 1 retromarginal tooth in paratype male). SPINATION: palp: no spines. Legs: femur I–IV 1600 (1600); patella I–II 1000 (1000), III–IV 1010 (1010); tibia I 2005 (2005{2004}) II 3025 (3025), III 3133 (3133), IV 3133 (3133{3134}); metatarsus I 2014 (2014), II 2024 (2024), III 3134 (3134{4134}), IV 4134 (4134). MEASUREMENT OF PALP AND LEGS: palp 3.7 (3.0) [1.4 (1.1), 0.5 (0.5), 0.4 (0.3), 1.4 (1.1)], I 7.6 (6.3) [2.5 (2.1), 1.4 (1.2), 1.6 (1.3), 1.3 (1.1), 0.8 (0.6)], II 7.8 (6.5) [2.6 (2.2), 1.4 (1.2), 1.6 (1.3), 1.4 (1.2), 0.8 (0.6)], III 9.6 (8.2) [3.0 (2.6), 1.4 (1.2), 2.1 (1.8), 2.2 (1.9), 0.9 (0.7)], IV 9.2 (7.9) [2.8 (2.4), 1.3 (1.2), 2.0 (1.7), 2.3 (2.0), 0.8 (0.6)]. LEG FOR- MULA: 3421 (3421). COPULATORY ORGAN: embolus (E) quite long, S-shaped, with several longitudinal ridges, distal tip minimally bifurcated and distal section with straight distal direction; embolus base (EB) centrally sometimes with (very) flat hump(s) and proximo-prolaterally clearly distinguished from prolateral part of tegulum (T); EB circle conspicuous, clearly broader than 3/4 the width of T ( Figs 27A , 65G ); T narrower than cymbium and with distinct retrolatero-proximal lobe (PTL), PTL covering slightly more than half the length of palpal tibia; spermduct double stacked S-shaped, filling retrolateral 2/3 of T ( Figs 27A , 65G ); cymbium in ventral view distally conically converging and at distalmost section rounded; palpal tibia shorter than broad, ventral apophysis of palpal tibia distinctly developed, roughly conically and distally abruptly converging ( Figs 27A , 65G ); RTA in ventral view ( Figs 27A , 65G ) moderately slim and with dorsal serration. The latter much better recognisable in retrolateral view ( Figs 27B , 69B ); in retrolateral view RTA quite broad ( Figs 27B , 69B ). COLOURATION (both male types not in very good condition): see genus description for conservative aspects. Carapace dark red-brown ( Fig. 58E ). Legs dark brown to red-brown, except for tarsi III & IV ( Fig. 58E ). Opisthosoma like noted in genus description under general dorsal colouration, except for chevronlike patch in central band, which is inconspicuous and smaller than in many other Corythalia species ( Fig. 58E ). Female (measurements of both paratypes as range): total length 8.1–8.2, carapace length 3.7–4.4, maximal carapace width 2.7–3.1, width of eye rectangle 2.2–2.4, opisthosoma length 2.8–3.4, opisthosoma width 2.1–2.5, fovea length 0.27–0.28. EYES: AME 0.69–0.75, ALE 0.43–0.47, PME 0.11–0.14, PLE 0.37–0.40, AME–AME 0.05–0.06, AME–ALE 0.07–0.09, PME–PME 1.94–2.14, PME–PLE 0.39–0.42, ALE–PLE 0.87–0.91, PLE–PLE 1.73–1.93, clypeus height at AME 0.33–0.45, clypeus height at ALE 0.71–0.96. Cheliceral furrow with 1 promarginal [including 1 tiny (even smaller than other) additional tooth] and 1 retromarginal teeth. SPINATION: palp: no spines. Legs: femur I 1500 (1500), II–III 1600 (1600), IV 0600 (0600); patella I–II 1000 (1000), III–IV 1010 (1010); tibia I 2005 (2005), II 3025 (3015), III–IV 3133 (3133); metatarsus I–II 2024 (2024), III 3134 (3134), IV 4134 (4134). MEASUREMENT OF PALP AND LEGS: palp 3.2–3.6 [1.2–1.3, 0.5–0.6, 0.4–0.5, 1.1–1.2], I 6.2–7.1 [2.1–2.3, 1.2–1.4, 1.2–1.4, 1.1–1.3, 0.6–0.7], II 6.3– 7.2 [2.2–2.4, 1.2–1.4, 1.2–1.4, 1.1–1.3, 0.6–0.7], III FIGURE 27. Corythalia scutellaris Bayer , sp. nov. , specimens from south-eastern part of Ecuador. A–B Male holotype, left palp (A ventral view; B retrolateral view). C–E Female paratype F-1, epigyne (C ventral view; D vulva, dorsal view; E schematic course of internal duct system). 7.5–8.5 [2.4–2.7, 1.2–1.3, 1.5–1.8, 1.6–1.9, 0.8–0.8], IV 7.8 – 8.9 [2.5–2.8, 1.1–1.2, 1.6–1.9, 1.9–2.2, 0.7–0.8]. LEG FORMULA: 4321 (4321). COPULATORY ORGAN : epigynal windows (W) elongated, with gap postero-laterally and section between gap and anterior half being narrower (meaning antero-lateral margins bulging out laterally); anterior margins of W continuous ( Figs 27C , 72I ); septum of W continuous and moderately narrow; posterior margin of epigyne reaching beyond epigastric furrow; characterisation of epigynal field not possible as all type specimens must have been preserved in too strong ethanol (> 85%) or must have been fallen dry for a significant time span. Hence, the opisthosomata are all shrunken and were extremely difficult to prepare, meaning only the stronger sclerotised sections of the actual epigyne could be dissected, however, unfortunately not the sections further laterally and anteriorly. Arch-like structures at anterior section of vulva reaching further laterally than remaining structures of vulva; copulatory ducts very short and not or hardly visible in dorsal view, meeting secondary spermathecae (SS) ventro-posteriorly; SS kidney-shaped and with longitudinal orientation; heads of spermathecae arising posteriorly at SS ( Figs 27 D–E, 76I); connective ducts ( DST ) between primary spermathecae ( PS ) and SS arising medio-anteriorly of SS ; DST initially and in proximal 2/3 with diagonal converging direction, the distalmost forth running almost longitudinally, DST meeting PS medially; PS not much broader than SS and definitely not as long as SS; fertilisation ducts arising centro-anteriorly at PS and running laterally ( Figs 27 D–E, 76I). COLOURA- TION (both female types not in very good condition): see genus description for conservative aspects. Carapace dark red-brown ( Fig. 62F ). Legs dark brown to red-brown, except for tarsi III & IV ( Fig. 62F ). Opisthosoma like noted in genus description under general dorsal colouration, except for chevron-like patch in central band, which is smaller than usually recognised in many Corythalia species ( Fig. 62F ). Intraspecific variation of male and female copulatory organs. Variation in males not noteworthy except for embolus base ( EB ) proximo-prolaterally in paratype male even slightly more clearly distinguished from prolateral part of T . Females: antero-lateral margins less clearly bulging out laterally in paratype F-2 ( Fig. 72I ) than in F-1 ( Fig. 27C ). Gap between arch-like structures at anterior section of vulva and anterior margins of secondary spermathecae (SS) distinctly broader in paratype female F-1 ( Fig. 27D ). In paratype F-2 stabilizing structures in the area of copulatory openings recognisable ( Fig. 76I , latero-posteriorly of SS), not so in F-1 ( Fig. 27D ) . Remarks. The present new species is in part similar to C. cincta , C. circumflexa and to the species of the C. waleckii species-group (see below). Corythalia cincta shares a quite long and strong embolus with longitudinal ridges and a similar tip and a RTA strongly diverging from longitudinal axis of cymbium (angle about 50–55°). Other structures, however, are different. Females of C. circumflexa are as well in parts similar to C. scutellaris Bayer , sp. nov. in having copulatory openings situated quite far lateral at epigyne and arch-like structures anteriorly in vulva. However, primary and secondary spermathecae are clearly different and connective ducts are clearly shorter. Concerning the structure of the male copulatory organ this new species shares some similarities with male representatives of the C. waleckii species-group: elongated, strong, (at least slightly) S-shaped and distally (at least inconspicuously but always recognisable) bifurcated embolus. On the other hand, the RTA is clearly more diverging from cymbium longitudinal axis and the embolus base is proximo-prolaterally clearly distinguished from the prolateral part of the tegulum. Consequently, a closer relationship between this new species and C. cincta , C. circumflexa and the species belonging to the C. waleckii species-group can neither be inferred from that information nor be excluded. Distribution. (South-eastern part of) Ecuador .