Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan Author Souma, Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2238-5015 Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan & Research Fellowship for Young Scientists (DC 1), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan kodokusignal@gmail.com text Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 2022 2022-12-15 69 2 219 281 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864 1860-1324-2-219 BFE2BE4759E9450A807079B702A38625 9EE9E317E8195E3A94756A0DBBB1C35B Stephanitis (Norba) hayashii sp. nov. [Japanese name: Hayashi-gunbai] Figs 2D , 4D , 7D , 9D , 11D , 13D , 15D , 17D , 19D , 21D , 23D , 25D , 27D , 29D, E , 31D, E , 41A-D Stephanitis (Norba) aperta Horvath , 1912: Miyamoto (1964b : 524) (distribution); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016 : 433) (checklist: Japan). Misidentifications. Type series. Holotype (♂, ELKU), "[JAPAN]: the Ryukyus, Okinawa Isls., Aguni Is., Hama" [=JAPAN: Ryukyu Islands (central part): Aguni Island: Hama (approximate coordinates: 26°34'50.7"N , 127°14'06.4"E )], 10.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma. Paratypes (47 ♂♂ 67 ♀♀), JAPAN: Ryukyu Islands (central part): Amami-Oshima Island: Sokaru, 5.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (7 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, ELKU); Amami-shi, Kasari-cho, Wano 27.iv.2022, leg. J. Souma (4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU). Kakeroma Island: Osai, 3.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU). Yoron Island: Furusato, 11.xi.1966, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♂, KUM). Okinawa Island: Tamagusuku, 17.xi.1963, leg. H. Hasegawa (1 ♂, NIAES); Kudeken, 20.iii.1964, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♀, KUM); Yaese-cho , Yaese-koen , 19.i.2019, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Rondon Forest Park, 20.i.2019, leg. H. Shigetoh (2 ♂, TUA); as above but leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES); Uruma-shi, Ishikawayamashiro, 2.viii.2019, leg. H. Shigetoh (1 ♀, TUA); Kakazu, 9.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, ELKU). Aguni Island: Bannyabaru, 7.iv.1999, leg. M. Hayashi et al. (1 ♀, TUA); Higashi, 6.iii.2020, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ ELKU, 14 ♂♂ 14 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 7.iii.2020 (5 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, TUA); as holotype (3 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, ELKU). Fukaji Island: 3.v.2021, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, ELKU). Kouri Island: nr Amajafubaru-noson-koen , 7.iii.2020, leg. H. Yoshitake (1 ♀, NIAES). Senaga Island: 9.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU). Tokashiki Island: Tokashiki, 9.xi.2020, leg. J. Souma (7 ♀♀, ELKU). Yagaji Island: Gabu, 9.iii.2020, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, TUA). A single specimen collected in 1964 was recorded as " Stephanitis aperta " by the previous study ( Miyamoto 1964b ). Additional material examined (27 nymphs). JAPAN : Ryukyu Islands (central part): Kakeroma Island : Osai , 3.xi.2020 , leg. J. Souma (3 nymphs, ELKU). Aguni Island : Higashi , 6.iii.2020 , leg. J. Souma (6 nymphs, TUA); as above but 7.iii.2020 (1 nymph, TUA); as holotype (6 nymphs, ELKU). Tokashiki Island : Tokashiki, 9.xi.2020 , leg. J. Souma (7 nymphs, ELKU). Yagaji Island : Gabu, 9.iii.2020 , leg. J. Souma (2 nymphs, ELKU; 2 nymphs, TUA). All 27 nymphs recorded above are in poor condition and are thus not described in the present study . Diagnosis. Stephanitis (Norba) hayashii sp. nov. is recognised amongst other species of Stephanitis by a combination of the following characters: head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface in various shades of brown (Figs 7D , 9D , 11D , 13D , 15D , 17D , 19D , 21D , 23D ); calli light brown; body in male 2.1 times (in female 2.0 times) as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Figs 2D , 4D ); rostrum reaching metasternum; pronotum unicarinate (Fig. 25D ); hood pale, shorter than median carina of pronotum, wider than vertex at widest part, incompletely covering eye, as high as median carina of pronotum at highest part, with posterior margin extending to middle of pronotal disc; median carina of pronotum with 2 rows of areolae at highest part; pronotal disc opaque; paranotum more erect, slightly narrowed posteriorly, with 3 rows of areolae at widest part, with anterolateral angle protruding anteriad, with outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height longer than height of eye (Fig. 27D ); apices of hemelytra close to each other in rest; costal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area in male with 2 rows (in female with 3 rows) of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; R+M (radiomedial) vein carinate; pygophore elevated at centre of venter, with posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part (Fig. 29D, E ); and paramere slender, weakly curved inwards at apex, with outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin slightly curved inwards in basal part (Fig. 31D, E ). Description. Male. Head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface various shades of brown; calli light brown; eye dark red; areolae of pronotum and hemelytron transparent; hood pale; pronotal disc opaque; pubescence on body yellowish (Figs 2D , 7D , 11D , 15D , 19D , 21D ). Body 2.1 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Fig. 2D ). Head (Figs 7D , 11D , 19D , 25D ) glabrous; pair of frontal spines close at apices, not reaching apex of clypeus; median spine as long as frontal spines, reaching bases of frontal spines; pair of occipital spines longer than median spine, reaching middle part of eyes; antenniferous tubercles obtuse, slightly curved inwards; clypeus smooth. Compound eye round in dorsal view. Antenna densely covered with pubescence; segment I cylindrical; segment II cylindrical, shortest amongst antennal segments; segment III longest amongst antennal segments; segment IV cylindrical, longer than segment I. Bucculae closed at anterior ends, with 3 rows of areolae throughout length. Rostrum reaching metasternum. Pronotum (Figs 7D , 11D , 25D , 27D ) unicarinate, 1.4 times as long as maximum width across paranota, sparsely covered with pubescence. Pronotal disc coarsely punctate. Hood shorter than median carina of pronotum, wider than vertex at widest part, incompletely covering eye, as high as median carina of pronotum at highest part, posterior margin extending to middle of pronotal disc, 4 rows of areolae at highest part, dorsal margin arched. Median carina straight, extending to apex of posterior process, 2 rows of areolae at highest part, dorsal margin arched. Calli smooth. Paranotum more erect, slightly narrowed posteriorly, 3 rows of areolae at widest part, anterolateral angle protruding anteriad, outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height longer than height of eye. Posterior process triangular, obtuse at apex. Hemelytron (Fig. 15D ) 2.4 times as long as maximum width, extending beyond apex of abdomen, sparsely covered with pubescence; maximum width across hemelytra 1.7 times as wide as maximum width across paranota; apices close in rest; costal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area with 2 rows of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; C (costal), R+M (radiomedial) and Cu (cubital) veins carinate. Thoracic pleura (Fig. 11D ) smooth in anterior part, coarsely punctate in posterior part. Ostiolar peritreme oblong. Sternal laminae (Fig. 19D ) lower than bucculae; pro- and mesosternal laminae open in both anterior and posterior ends; metasternal laminae as high as mesosternal laminae, open at anterior ends, fused each other at posterior ends. Legs (Fig. 2D ) smooth, densely covered with pubescence; femora thickest at middle. Abdomen oblong in dorsal and ventral views. Pygophore (Figs 21D , 29D, E ) compressed dorsoventrally, semicircular in ventral view, elevated at centre of venter, with posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part, covered with pubescence. Paramere (Fig. 31D, E ) slender, expanded in middle part, slightly curved inwards at apex, outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin weakly curved inward in basal part, covered with pubescence in middle part of outer and inner margins. Measurements (n = 20). Body length with hemelytra 2.9-3.2 mm; maximum width across hemelytra 1.4-1.5 mm; length of antennal segments I to IV 0.2 mm, 0.1 mm, 1.2 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively; pronotal length 1.2-1.3 mm; pronotal width across paranota 0.8-0.9 mm; hemelytral length 2.2-2.5 mm; maximum width of hemelytron 1.0-1.1 mm. Female. General habitus very similar to that of male (Figs 4D , 9D , 13D , 17D , 23D ), except for the following characters: body 2.0 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra; antennal segment III shorter than in male; pronotum 1.5 times as long as maximum width across paranota; hood wider than in male; hemelytron 2.3 times as long as its maximum width; maximum width across hemelytra 1.9 times as much as maximum width across paranota; subcostal area wider than in male, with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; and apical part of abdomen pentagonal in ventral view. Measurements (n = 20). Body length with hemelytra 3.1-3.4 mm; maximum width across hemelytra 1.6-1.7 mm; length of antennal segments I to IV 0.2 mm, 0.1 mm, 1.0 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively; pronotal length 1.3-1.4 mm; pronotal width across paranota 0.9 mm; hemelytral length 2.4-2.5 mm; maximum width of hemelytron 1.0-1.1 mm. Remarks. Stephanitis (Norba) hayashii sp. nov. was misidentified as S. (N.) aperta in a previous study ( Miyamoto 1964b ), as both species are very similar to each other. However, the former is easily distinguished from the latter by the following characters: calli light brown (dark brown in S. (N.) aperta ) (Figs 7B, D , 9B, D , 11B, D , 13B, D ); rostrum reaching metasternum (not reaching in S. (N.) aperta ) (Fig. 19B, D ); hood wider than vertex at widest part (as wide as in S. (N.) aperta ), incompletely covering eye (not covering in S. (N.) aperta ), slightly higher than median carina of pronotum at highest part (as high as in S. (N.) aperta ), with posterior margin extending to middle of pronotal disc (not extending in S. (N.) aperta ) (Fig. 25B, D ); paranotum more erect (less erect in S. (N.) aperta ), slightly narrowed posteriorly (strongly narrowed in S. (N.) aperta ); and paramere slender (stout in S. (N.) aperta ), with inner margin slightly curved inwards in basal part (nearly straight in S. (N.) aperta ) (Fig. 31B, D, E ). Distribution. Japan (Ryukyu Islands (central part): Amami-Oshima Island, Kakeroma Island, Yoron Island, Okinawa Island, Aguni Island, Fukaji Island, Kouri Island, Senaga Island, Tokashiki Island, Yagaji Island) (Fig. 46 ) ( Miyamoto 1964b ; Yamada and Ishikawa 2016 ; present study). Stephanitis (Norba) hayashii sp. nov. inhabits the laurilignosa in a subtropical climate of the central part of the Ryukyu Islands, which is in the Oriental Region. Etymology. This new species is named in honour of Masami Hayashi, a Japanese heteropterist who collected part of paratypes and taught the author how to conduct fieldwork. Host plants. Cinnamomum yabunikkei , "Yabunikkei" (Fig. 43G ) (present study); Litsea japonica (Thunb.) Juss., "Hamabiwa" ( Lauraceae ) (Fig. 43F ) (present study). Stephanitis (Norba) hayashii sp. nov. feeds only on lauraceous trees and is oligophagous. Biology. Stephanitis (Norba) hayashii sp. nov. feeds on the abaxial surface of leaves of the two known host plants (present study). Adults were collected from March to May and in January, August and November ( Miyamoto 1964b ; present study); nymphs were collected in March and November (present study).