Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group Author Khalaim, Andrey I. 0000-0003-1802-2649 Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. & Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. akhalaim@gmail.com Author Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique 0000-0003-4305-6568 Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. text Zootaxa 2022 2022-07-29 5169 3 201 251 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1 2cbc0f84-2011-4e7c-868f-6c305d5f3308 1175-5326 6952172 BB6FBD07-6B8B-4615-BD66-C4AEB612145F 2. Calliephialtes grapholithae ( Cresson, 1890 ) ( Figs 8 , 13, 14 ) Pimpla grapholithae Cresson 1890: 50 [ (ANSP); USA : Missouri , Pennsylvania , ex Grapholitha caryae (= Acrobasis caryae )]. Synonym: Pimpla xanthothorax Ashmead, 1890 ( Cushman 1915: 133 ) . References. Morley 1914: 13 [ C. xanthothorax ; remarks]. Cushman 1915: 133 [ C . xanthothorax (syn.)]. Cresson 1916: 34 [ lectotype ( ANSP ) designated; USA , Pennsylvania ]. Nickels et al . 1950: 12 , 20 [host, biology]. Nickels 1951 [ USA ( Texas ); host]. Townes & Townes 1951: 188 [catalogue]. Townes & Townes 1960: 85 [description; Canada ( Ontario ), eastern and southeastern USA ; host]. Allen 1962: 71 [host]. Finlayson 1967: 1247 [ Canada ( Ontario ); host; description of larva]. Phillips & Proctor 1970: 1396 [ Canada ( Ontario ); host]. Neunzig 1972 [revision of Acrobasis spp. (Pyralidae) ; host]. Plakidas 1978: 222 [ USA ( Pennsylvania ); host]. Carlson 1979: 326 [catalogue]. Freeman & Berisford 1979: 511 [ USA ( Georgia ); host]. Martinat & Wallner 1980: 46 [ USA ( Michigan ); host]. Gunasena & Harris 1988 [host]. Yonce et al . 1996 [host]. Barajas 1997 [ Mexico ( Coahuila ); host]. Brenner et al . 2002 [Hawaii; host]. Oboyski et al . 2004 [Hawaii; host]. Pinson-Domínguez et al . 2005 [ Mexico ( Tamaulipas ); host]. Material examined. MEXICO . Coahuila : 1 ♀ , 1 ♂ ( UAT ) Saltillo, 21.i.2002 [collector unknown]. 1 ♀ ( UAT ) Los Lirios, Malaise trap, 2.vi.1990 , coll. M . Perales. 1 ♀ ( UAT ) “P, 17.x.1986 , El M ” [illegible text]. Tamaulipas : Jaumave, ex barrenador de nogal, coll. O. Pinson (all in UAT ): 9.ix.2004 ( 3 ♀ ), 23.ix.2004 ( 8 ♀ , 9 ♂ ), 7.x.2004 ( 1 ♀ ), 28.x.2004 ( 11 ♀ , 16 ♂ ). 1 ♀ ( UAT ) same locality and collector, árbol de nogal, 20.viii.2005 . 1 ♀ ( ZISP ) Cd. Victoria, Las Brisas, ex Citrus sinensis , 5.ix.2005 , coll. O. Pinson. USA . New York : 1 ♀ ( AEIC ) Youngstown, ex Curculio larva in hickory-nut husk, 1944, coll. L.L. Pechuman. 1 ♀ ( INHS ) Batavia, 8.vi.1913 , coll. H.H. Kaight. Illinois : 1 ♀ ( INHS ) Wadsworth, 10.vi.1943 , coll. Ross & Sanderson. Kentucky : 1 ♀ ( AEIC ) Golden Pond, Malaise trap, v.1965 . South Carolina : 2 ♀ ( AEIC ) Pickens Co., Wattacoo, 17.v and 14.vi.1959 , coll. G.F. Townes. Texas : 1 ♂ ( TAMU ) Montgomery Co., Jones State Forest, 8 mi. S of Conroe, Malaise trap, 13–19.iv.1987 , coll. R . Wharton. 1 ♀ , 1 ♂ ( AEIC ) Fredericksburg, 5–17.v.1988 , coll. H. & M . Townes. 3 ♀ ( AEIC ) Kerrville, 4–8.v.1988 , coll. H. & M . Townes. 1 ♀ ( AEIC ) Fredericksburg, 17.v.1988 , H. & M . Townes. Alabama : 1 ♀ ( AEIC ) Gulf Shores, 23.iv.1968 , coll. H. & M . Townes. Florida : 1 ♂ ( UAT ) Monticello, Jafferson, University of Florida, 16–24.iii.2001 , coll. R . Mizell. 1 ♂ ( AEIC ) Gainesville, 3.iv.1986 . Distribution. Canada ( Ontario ), USA (east and southeast), Mexico ( Coahuila , Tamaulipas ). Biology. Reared from a large variety of caterpillars in galls, nuts, fruits and stems in the USA and Canada . Many records are from Acrobasis spp. (Pyralidae) and Cydia caryana (Tortricidae) feeding in fruits of the pecan Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (Juglandaceae) . FIGURES 8–12. Calliephialtes grapholithae , ♀ (Tamaulipas): 8 —habitus (without one antenna and ovipositor), lateral. Calliephialtes sittenfeldae , ♀ (Tamaulipas): 9— habitus, lateral; 10 —metasomal tergites 1–3, dorsal. Calliephialtes thurberiae , ♀ (Tamaulipas): 11 —habitus, lateral; 12 —apex of ovipositor, lateral. Registered as parasitoid of Acrobasis betulella Hulst (= hebescella Hulst) ( Townes & Townes 1960 ; Finlayson 1967 ; Neunzig 1972: 100 ), the hickory shoot borer A. caryae Grote ( Hamilton 1890 ; Nickels et al . 1950 ; Allen 1962 ; Finlayson 1967 ), A. carpinivorella Neunzig ( Neunzig 1972: 92 ) , the pecan nursery casemaker A. caryivorella Ragonot ( Nickels 1951 ; Finlayson 1967 ; Neunzig 1972: 75 ), A. comptoniella Hulst ( Neunzig 1972: 111 ) , A. coryliella Duar ( Neunzig 1972: 89 ) , A. elyi Neunzig ( Neunzig 1972: 37 ) , A. exsulella (Zeller) ( Neunzig 1972: 54 ) , the leaf crumpler? A. indigenella (Zeller) ( Finlayson 1967 ; probably this record applies to A. juglandis , not to A. indigenella —see Neunzig 1972: 23 ), the pecan leaf casebearer A. juglandis (LeBaron) ( Townes & Townes 1960 ; Allen 1962 ; Finlayson 1967 ; Martinat & Wallner 1980 ), the pecan nut casebearer A. nuxvorella Neunzig ( Neunzig 1972: 33 , 34; Gunasena & Harris 1988: 109 ), and the alder tubemaker moth A. rubrifasciella Packard ( Townes & Townes 1960 ; Finlayson 1967 ; Neunzig 1972: 106 ). Some records from A. betulella , A. caryae and A. caryvorella published before 1970 may actually belong to A. nuxvorella ( Neunzig 1972: 32 ) . Reared from the hickory shuckworm moth Cydia caryana (Fitch) ( Nickels et al . 1950 ; Townes & Townes 1960 ; Allen 1962 ; Gunasena & Harris 1988: 108 ; Yonce et al . 1996 ), C. pomonella L. ( Tortricidae ) ( Allen 1962 ), Epiblema strenuana (Walker) ( Allen 1962 ) , E. scudderiana (Clemens) (Tortricidae) ( Plakidas 1978 ), the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Tortricidae) ( Townes & Townes 1960 ; Allen 1962 ; Phillips & Proctor 1970 ), the nantucket pine tip moth Rhyacionia frustrana (Scudder in Comstock) ( Tortricidae ) on Pinus taeda L. ( Pinaceae ) ( Freeman & Berisford 1979 ), the evergreen bagworm Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth) (Psychidae) ( Townes & Townes 1960 ), Meskea dyspteraria Grote (Thyrididae) ( Townes & Townes 1960 ; Allen 1962 ) and the ceanothus stem gall moth Periploca ceanothiella (Cosens) (Cosmopterigidae) ( Townes & Townes 1960 ). Reared from endemic Cydia spp. on Sophora chrysophylla (Salisb.) Seem. (Fabaceae) in Hawaii , where it was probably accidentally introduced to ( Brenner et al . 2002 ; Oboyski et al . 2004 ). Besides the Lepidoptera , C. grapholithae was reported as a parasitoid of Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) ( Coleoptera : Curculionidae ) ( Townes & Townes 1960 ) and unknown host in a Phylloxera gall ( Hemiptera : Phylloxeridae ) ( Townes & Townes 1960 ). In the examined material from the AEIC , one female was recorded as a parasitoid of Curculio larva from the hickory-nut husk in New York . Following host records require confirmation: Carmenta texana (Edwards) (Sesiidae) ( Townes & Townes 1960 ) and Euura salicisnodus Walsh (= s-nodus Walsh) ( Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae ) ( Allen 1962: 118 ). Recorded as a secondary parasitoid of Bassus acrobasidis Cushman ( Hymenoptera : Braconidae ) in Acrobasis nuxvorella Neunzig ( Nickels et al . 1950: 20 ; Allen 1962 ). In Mexico , C. grapholithae was reared from Acrobasis nuxvorella and Cydia caryana in Coahuila and Tamaulipas ( Barajas 1997 ; Pinson-Domínguez et al . 2005 ).