Additions to the taxonomy of New World Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).
Author
Longino, J. T.
text
Zootaxa
2009
2181
1
90
http://hol.osu.edu/reference-full.html?id=22820
journal article
22820
Pheidole susannae
Pheidole susannae
Forel, 1886
: xliii. Syntype major, minor worker: Guatemala, Retalhuleu (Stoll) [
MHNG
] (examined).
Pheidole susannae r. obscurior
Forel, 1886
: xliv. Lectotype major worker (here designated, labeled with unique pin code
JTLC
000015316) and associated paralectotype minor worker: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (Naegeli) [
MHNG
] (examined).
Forel, 1893: 410
: description of queen, male.
Wilson, 2003: 330
: raised to species, senior synonym of
P. partita
. New Synonymy.
Pheidole partita
Mayr, 1887: 590
(major worker), 604 (minor worker): Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (Naegeli).
Wilson, 2003: 330
: junior synonym of
P. obscurior
. New Synonymy.
Pheidole susannae r. atricolor
Forel, 1901a: 356
. Syntype major,minor worker, gyne, male: Colombia, Magdalena, San Antonio (Forel) [
MHNG
] (examined).
Wilson, 2003: 351
: junior synonym of
P. susannae
.
Pheidole incisa subsp. evoluta
Borgmeier, 1929: 204
, pl. 6, fig. 3. Syntype major, minor worker: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 30 Nov 1924 (Buck).
Kempf, 1964: 63
: junior synonym of
P. susannae
.
Geographic Range
Southern Mexico to southern Brazil.
Biology
This species occurs in various habitats, including highly disturbed areas (city parks), seasonal dry forest, mature lowland rainforest, and second growth rainforest. It can occur on the ground or in the canopy. Workers readily recruit to baits, and major workers often recruit along with minor workers. Nests are in small cavities and appear to be somewhat opportunistically inhabited.
Comments
Although
Wilson (2003)
illustrated a "Lectotype major worker," among the type material of
P. susannae
borrowed from
MHNG
for this study, none was labeled Lectotype.
The syntypes of
P. susannae
and
P. obscurior
are very similar in all respects but color. The syntypes of
P. susannae
are yellow; those of
P. obscurior
are dark brown. The key in Wilson separates the species on relative scape length in the major, with
P. obscurior
purported to have relatively longer scapes. However, measurements of the types reveal that the lectotype of
P. obscurior
has a SI that is actually lower than that of syntypes of
P. susannae
.
Pheidole
susannae
is a relatively common species found in disturbed habitats throughout the Neotropics. It appears quite uniform in morphology across its range. With the exception of the type series, all the material examined to date has been dark red brown. The types are inexplicably yellow. A yellow form may be discovered in Guatemala (the type locality), but given that the types were collected in the nineteenth century with uncertain methods of preservation, there is the possibility that the coloration is a preservation artifact.