A new family for the enigmatic sea pen genus Gyrophyllum Studer, 1891 (Octocorallia, Pennatulacea), a molecular and morphological approach Author López-González, Pablo J. B3557332-E1FD-4CC0-B3CD-40769DE88683 Biodiversidad y Ecología Acuática. Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 - Sevilla, Spain. pjlopez@us.es Author Drewery, Jim DDD4581A-27AC-404F-8FF4-2C0D1BC153CC Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB 11 9 DB, Scotland, UK. jim.drewery@gov.scot Author Williams, Gary C. 2C3F7EA8-C963-4514-B299-E2867CA85C98 Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. gwilliams@calacademy.org text European Journal of Taxonomy 2022 2022-11-25 847 73 103 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.847.1983 journal article 197347 10.5852/ejt.2022.847.1983 481b2180-2aa0-4023-8524-2721d70604c5 2118-9773 7374061 8CA2CF9F-1281-42FA-A341-2F344637CF83 Genus Gyrophyllum Studer, 1891 Gyrophyllum – Studer 1891: 94 . Gyrophyllum – Studer 1901: 34 . — Roule 1905: 454 . — Kükenthal & Broch 1911: 394 . — Kükenthal 1915: 120 . — Hickson 1916: 252 . — Deichmann 1936: 286 . — Tixier-Durivault & d’Hondt 1974a: 263 ; 1974b: 1420 . — Williams 1995a: 316 ; 1995b: 128 ; 2011: 3 . non Bathypenna – Marion 1906: 147 . Diagnosis (modified from Williams 1995b: 128 , modifications in bold) Colonies stout and clavate, with rachis in two parts, a distal part with polyp leaves and a proximal part without them, similar to peduncle in appearance but separated from the anchoring muscular peduncle by a thickened section showing longitudinal wrinkles . Distal part of rachis with bilateral symmetry throughout.Axis extends throughout length of colony, irregularly X-shaped in cross section. Polyp leaves present, thick, fleshy, and fan-like, up to ~9 leaves per side of rachis. Autozooids up to ~50 per leaf, usually in two rows at the leaf margin. Anthocodiae retractile into low fleshy calyces with one or two distinct fleshy blunt to pointed processes (sometimes difficult to observe, eroded?). Tentacles with two types of tentacular projections: conventional pinnulae on the lateral sides of main tentacular axis , and filiform ones (numerous) along the oral side of tentacular axis. Siphonozooids present on both sides of polyp leaves between and below autozooids, and on dorsal rachis’ track , not restricted to zones or pads. Sclerites elongate, three-flanged rods in polyp leaves, rachis, and peduncle, as well as short blunt rods in the tentacle axis and autozooid body (mostly longitudinally grooved or occasionally three-flanged). Geographical and depth distribution Indo-West Pacific ( Madagascar , Malay Archipelago, Tasmanian Sea, New Zealand , India ) and North Atlantic (Azores, Hatton and Rockall Banks, Rosemary Seamount, Bahamas ); 520–2220 m depth ( Studer 1891 , 1901 ; Deichmann 1936 ; Williams 1995b: 128 ; Williams et al. 2014; present contribution). Type species Gyrophyllum hirondellei Studer, 1891 (by monotypy).