Taxonomic study of the genus Eloeophila Rondani, 1856 of Japan (Limoniidae Diptera) Author Kato, Daichi text Zootaxa 2021 2021-07-01 4995 3 425 451 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4995.3.2 1175-5326 5057235 81231758-D126-4B6A-8CB6-FC29D86EC61F Eloeophila enischnophallus Kato , sp. nov. ( Figs 5A–G , 13C ) Diagnosis. Grey and dark brown species with heavily spotted wing. Prescutum ocherous grey, mottled with dark markings. Wing with numerous tiny spots and six large spots at anterior margin. Veins at wing margin and all crossveins with dark markings. Legs generally yellow, femora with dark band at tip, extreme tips slightly yellowish, tips of tibiae narrowly dark. Halter shorter than thorax, pale yellow, knob dark brown. Outer gonostylus dorsoventrally flattened, outer margin with small lobe at distal 1/3. Distal 1/3 of outer gonostylus claw-shaped, outer margin smooth, inner margin weakly undulate. Mesal-apical lobe of paramere about 1.5 times as long as wide. Aedeagus slender, about seven times as long as wide in lateral view. Type material. HOLOTYPE male, JAPAN , Nansei Islands , Okinawa , Okinawa Is , Nago-shi , Taira , Hanejiȏkawa , Alt. 70 m , 22.V.2016 , D. Kato ( BLKU ) . PARATYPES : JAPAN : [ Nansei Islands ] Okinawa Is : 1 male , Nagoshi , Genka , Mt. Ubashi-yama , Alt. 100 m , 12.III.2016 , D. Kato ( BLKU ) ; 1 male , same data as previous except Alt. 20 m , 22. V .2016; 1 male , same data as previous except Alt. 50 m , 26.I.2018 ; 1 male , same data as holotype ; 1 male , Kunigami-son , Hiji , Mt. Yonaha-dake , Alt. 290 m , 11.III.2016 , D. Kato ( BLKU ) . Description. Male. General coloration grey and dark brown ( Fig. 5A ). Head. Grey dorsally, sometimes tinged with ocherous; ventral part dark brown. Vertex with weakly darker longitudinal stripe at middle and black line anterior to middle stripe; lateral side of posterior part of vertex with dark spot. Antenna 2.5 times as long as head. Scape dark grey. Pedicel brown. Flagellum pale yellow. Flagellomeres oval, longer in distal segments; ventral sides of basal three flagellomeres distinctly produced ventrally. Rostrum and palpus dark brown. Thorax. Grey tinged with ocherous. Pronotum with narrow dark stripe at middle; posterior end of postpronotum dark brown. Prescutum mottled with dark markings: small spot at anterior end; large marking at lateral margin; four pairs of markings on posterior to level of prescutal pit, anterior pair round, outer one long bacilliform, inner one shorter, sometimes fused with each other, posterior one spot to narrow triangle-shaped, situated at transverse suture, anterior part often forming row of small dark spots between outer and inner pairs of markings. Prescutal pit black and long oval. Transverse suture dark brown medially. Scutum with lateral margin dark brown, with narrow dark stripe between scutal lobe, extending to posterior end of mediotergite. Scutal lobe with one central and two outer dark spots, anterior one of outer spots roundish, sometimes fused with dark brown lateral margin of scutum, posterior one narrow. Mediotergite dark brown at lateral and posterior sides. Pleuron dark brown, variegated with grey to ocherous grey. Wing ( Fig. 5B ) subhyaline, heavily spotted with dark brown. Numerous tiny spots in most cells. Six large spots at anterior margin: first one between crossvein h and Rs origin; second at Rs origin; third at crossvein Sc-r; fourth at crossvein r-r; fifth and sixth at tips of R 2 and R 3 , respectively; second and fourth ones larger than other costal spots. Other large seams or spots each at crossvein m-cu, supernumerary m-cu, fork of Rs, tips of M 1 to CuA, near tip of A 1 , and near bases of cells bm and cua. Spots at tips of R 3 , M 1 , and M 2 usually fused basally. Venation: Sc ending situated at or slightly proximal to level of fork of Rs; crossvein Sc-r situated 1–2 times of itself proximal to tip of Sc; first section of R 4+5 usually curved and oblique to Rs; cell m 1 various in length, longer to shorter than its petiole; supernumerary m-cu situated at or slightly distal to Rs origin, almost erect; A 1 weakly sinuous. Wing posterior margin slightly produced at tip of A 1 . Legs with coxae dark brown, basal parts greyish. Trochanters yellow on fore and mid pairs, brown on hind pair; distal margin of fore and mid pairs dark. Succeeding segments yellow. Each femur with dark band at tip, 4–5 times as long as wide, extreme tip slightly yellowish. Tips of tibiae and each tarsomere narrowly dark brown. Halter pale yellow, about half length of thorax; knob dark brown. FIGURE 5. Eloeophila enischnophallus Kato , sp. nov. A. habitus, lateral view; B. wing; C. male terminalia, dorsal view; D. outer gonostylus, ventral view; E. aedeagal complex, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view (left = dorsal); G. paramere, dorsal surface. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C–G, 0.1 mm. Abdomen. Brown to dark brown; pregenital segments weakly dark at caudal margins. Male terminalia ( Figs 5C–G ) with posterior margin of tergite 9 angulated laterally, slightly and widely concaved at middle ( Fig. 5C ). Gonocoxite yellowish, cylindrical, about 1.2 times as long as tergite 9, basal part broader. Outer gonostylus dorsoventrally flattened, outer margin with small lobe at distal 1/3; angle of inner margin at distal 1/3 about 145 degrees; distal 1/3 of outer gonostylus narrowed to claw-shaped lobe, distinctly curved, acute at tip, concaved margin weakly undulate ( Fig. 5D ). Inner gonostylus oval, slightly shorter than outer gonostylus. Paramere with mesal-apical lobe flat and wide, about 1.5 times as long as wide and about as long as lateral lobe, broad on distal part, rounded at tip ( Fig. 5G ). Lower shelf strongly produced ventrally; posterior margin attached to aedeagus ( Fig. 5F ). Aedeagus cylindrical and slender, about seven times as long as wide in lateral view, curved posteroventrally at level of posterior end of lower shelf; tip extending beyond tip of paramere ( Figs 5E–F ). Vesica oval, about 0.6 times as long as aedeagus. Apodeme of vesica expanding laterally; tip directed anteroventrally. Measurements. Male (n = 6): body length: 3.2–4.7 mm ; wing length: 4.4–5.8 mm . Distribution. Japan (Nansei islands: Okinawa Is) ( Fig. 13C ). Etymology. The specific name enischnophallus is from the Greek enischnos / enischno- (slender, thin) + phall ó s (phallus), referring to the slender aedeagus compared to the similar species. The name is a masculine noun in nominative singular. Remarks. This species resembles E. hadrophallus sp. nov. and E. lilliptina , but is distinguished from them by the following characters: outer gonostylus with distal claw-shaped part strongly curved, smooth at outer margin ( Fig. 5D ) (strongly curved, serrate at outer margin in E. hadrophallus sp. nov. ( Fig. 6D ); weakly curved, not serrate at outer margin in E. lilliputina ( Fig. 8D )); mesal-apical lobe of paramere about 1.5 times as long as wide ( Fig. 5G ) (about 3.5 times in E. hadrophallus sp. nov. ( Fig. 6G ); about three times as long as wide in E. lilliputina ( Fig. 8G )); aedeagus, about seven times as long as wide in dorsal view ( Fig. 5F ) (about 2.5 times in E. hadrophallus sp. nov. ( Fig. 5F ); about six times in E. lilliputina ( Fig. 8F )); apodeme of vesica directed anteroventrally ( Fig. 5F ) (same in E. hadrophallus sp. nov. ( Fig. 6F ); ventrally in E. lilliputina ( Fig. 8F )).