An annotated catalogue and bibliography of the taxonomy, synonymy and distribution of the Recent Vetigastropoda of South Africa (Mollusca) Author Herbert, David G. text Zootaxa 2015 4049 1 1 98 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4049.1.1 13ce6790-fb60-4602-b68b-6d06c9f011e9 1175-5326 245367 A8BD434E-9A7C-40A5-BDDE-D45356517FF3 Turbo ( Marmarostoma ) radiatus Gmelin, 1791 Turbo radiatus Gmelin, 1791 : 3594 , no. 19 . Type loc.: ‘ in mare rubro ’ [Red Sea]; location of type material unknown. Turbo spinosus Gmelin, 1791 : 3594 , no. 24 . Type loc.: ‘ in India ’; location of type material unknown. Turbo chrysostomus ( non Linnaeus, 1758 )— E.A. Smith, 1903 a : 387 . Barnard, 1963 a : 211 . Steyn & Lussi, 2005 : 15 , no. 20 . Turbo ( Marmarostoma ) radiatus — Alf & Kreipl, 2003 : 37 , pls. 44–46 . Turbo ( Marmarostoma ) radiatus forma spinosus — Alf & Kreipl, 2003 : 37 , pl. 46 . Distribution. Primarily a western Indian Ocean species, extending south to central Zululand (Leven Point) and formerly also in Durban Bay; local material living primarily on shallow subtidal reefs to 25 m . Notes. Alf & Kreipl ( 2003 ) concluded that the East African Turbo spinosus intergrades with typical T. radiatus from the Red Sea and regarded T. spinosus merely as a less strongly sculptured form of T. radiatus . Unlike Turbo chrysostomus Linnaeus, 1758 , material from south-eastern Africa lacks golden yellow coloration inside the aperture and the sculpture of the outer labral surface of the operculum is primarily granular, with at most traces of radial striae. Thus there can be little doubt that E.A. Smith’s record of T. chrysostomus from Durban ( E.A. Smith 1903 a ) was a misidentification.