Taxonomic revision of the Protopolybia sedula species-group (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae), with an new identification key to species Author Dos Santos Junior, José N. A. Author Silveira, Orlando T. Author Carpenter, James M. text Zootaxa 2018 2018-04-03 4403 1 87 98 journal article 30356 10.11646/zootaxa.4403.1.4 cd2f6487-8bb2-49b3-818a-f3d60161ab67 1175-5326 1212023 96CE079C-189D-406C-B87C-342115731414 Key to species of the Protopolybia sedula species-group 1. Mesoscutum and scutellum with strong and dense micropunctation and shallow mesopunctation ( Fig. 28 ); color brown, richly marked with yellow to whitish spots (Figs. 10 and 12), metanotum triangular, metanotal process elongate (Fig. 11); pronotal fovea distinct, preceded by anterior prominence relatively distant from the pronotal carina ( Fig. 21 )....................................................................................................... P. weyrauchi Bequaert - Mesoscutum and scutellum with moderate micropunctation and shallow mesopunctation ( Fig. 25–27 ); scutellum with more sparse mesopunctation; color variable, not brown; metanotal process not elongate ( Fig. 1 and 4 ); anterior prominence in front of the pronotal fovea extending above and close to pronotal carina, nearly collinear with fovea ( Fig. 22–24 ).............. 2 2. Pronotal carina weakly lamellate, little extended below ( Fig. 23 ); petiole of T1 narrow, without wing-like processes; species almost entirely black (form dark) or black moderately marked with yellow spots (form sedula ) (Fig. 7 and 9); front with two small yellow spots (Fig. 8)................................................... Protopolybia sedula (de Saussure) - Pronotal carina blunt, non-lamellate, distinctly extending downwards at side ( Fig. 22 and 24 ); petiole of T1 reduced, wing-like processes not very sharp ( Fig. 3 ).......................................................................... 3 3. Species yellow, with light ferruginous and very few black markings, commonly on mesoscutum; pronotal fovea distinct and deep, metanotal lobe with apex pointed ( Fig.4–6 )................................... Protopolybia amarella Bequaert - Species black, richly marked with yellow spots; front with extensive Y-shaped mark ( Fig. 2 ); pronotal fovea distinct, but shallow; metanotal lobe with apex slightly rounded ( Fig. 1 )........................... Protopolybia acutiscutis (Cameron)