Disentangling cryptic species in the Marasmius haematocephalus (Mont.) Fr. and M. siccus (Schwein.) Fr. species complexes (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) Author S, Jadson José Author Oliveira, ouza de Author Capelari, Marina Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301 - 012, São Paulo, SP (Brazil) Author Margaritescu, Simona Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park M 5 S 2 C 6, Toronto, ON (Canada) Author Moncalvo, Jean-Marc Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park M 5 S 2 C 6, Toronto, ON (Canada) and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, M 5 S 3 B 2, Toronto, ON (Canada) text Cryptogamie, Mycologie 2022 2022-09-05 20 5 91 137 http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a5 journal article 247062 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a5 91920336-beb5-42bc-bcc4-a1ad7c112d3b 1776-100X 7829356 KEY TO THE MaraSMiUS SPP. INVOLVED IN THIS STUDY 1. Basidiospores up to 18 µm long, cheilocystidia never dimorphic ................................................................. 2 — Basidiospores longer than 18 µm and/or cheilocystidia dimorphic .............................................................. 5 2. Pileus red pink to red-purple ....................................................................................................................... 3 — Pileus more light or greyish orange or brown ............................................................................................... 4 3. Lamellae marginate, basidiospores (11-)12-15(-16) × 3-4.5(-5) µm ............................... M. pulcherripes Peck a — Lamellae non-marginate, basidiospores 12.3-17.3 × 3.7-5 µm ................................... M. cf. pallescens Murrill 4. Pileus 4-15 mm diam., lamellae non-marginate, basidiospores (16-)17-18(-19) × 4-5 µm, pleurocystidia 46-53 × 10-15 µm .............................................................................................................. M. aff. pallescens b — Pileus 13-25 mm diam., lamellae marginate, basidiospores 14.5-17.5(-18) × 3.5-4.02(-4.5) µm, pleurocystidia (50-)55-68(-72) × (7-)8-9(-9.5) µm ......................................................................... M. siccus (Schwein.) Fr. c 5. Pileus deep bright orange, fulvous-ferruginous, brownish orange to reddish brown or fulvous “tawny” ....... 6 — Pileus with different pigmentation .............................................................................................................. 9 6. Pileus bright orange to fulvous, pleurocystidia somewhat thick-walled ...................... M. bambusinus (Fr.) Fr. — Pileus brownish orange to reddish brown, pleurocystidia thin-walled .......................................................... 7 7. Pileus up to 18 mm diam., stipe more robust ( 0.3-1 mm diam.), lamellae free to almost adnexed, basidiospores 15-19 × 3-5 µm ................................................................................................................. M. gardneri Singer — Pileus about 10 mm diam., stipe thinner (about 0.3 mm diam.), lamellae free to adnate, basidiospores larger .................................................................................................................................................................... 8 8. Lamellae free to emarginate with a small tooth, marginate, basidiospores 14-20 × 4.0-5.5 µm, on dead leaves, from temperate Asia .............................................................................. M. ferrugineus Berk. & M.A.Curtis d — Lamellae free to adnate, non-marginate, basidiospores 15-21 × 2.8-4.3 µm (18-22×4.5-6.0 µm), on woody substrate, Tropical South America .......................................................................................... M. ferrugineus e 9. Pileus strictly pale yellowish to brownish orange and from temperate forests (pantemperate) ..................... 10 — Pileus with various pigmentations and strictly from tropical forests (pantropical) ...................................... 11 10. From the Nearctic, basidiospores 16-20.4 × 3.4-4 µm, pleurocystidia 32-56 × 5.5-8 µm ................. M. siccus f — From the Palearctic, basidiospores (15-)18-25 × 3.5-5 µm, pleurocystidia 38-72(-80) × 5.0-12(-15) µm ....................................................................................................................................................... M. siccus g 11. Cheilocystidia monomorphic .................................................................................................................... 12 — Cheilocystidia dimorphic .......................................................................................................................... 20 12. Pileus pale brown, basidiospores up to 26 µm in length ................... M. castanocephalus J.S. Oliveira , sp. nov. — Pileus differently pigmentated, basidiospores up to 24 µm in length ......................................................... 13 13. Pileus dark purple to dark violet (blackish) .................................................. M. haematocephalus (Mont.) Fr. h — Pileus with paler pigmentation .................................................................................................................. 14 14. Pileus pale to yellowish orange, basidiospores 20.5-24 µm in length ............................................................... ....................................................................................................... M. auranticapitatus J.S. Oliveira , sp. nov. — Pileus never orange but red-pink-lilac-purple, basidiospores shorter, up to 22 µm in length ...................... 15 15. Pleurocystidia very elongate, up to 75 µm in length, pileipellis with two kinds of broom cells ........................ ....................................................................................................................... M. roseus J.S. Oliveira , sp. nov. — Pleurocystidia shorter, up to 60 µm, pileipellis with uniform broom cells .................................................. 16 16. Pleurocystidia short (37-42 µm), basidiospores 18.5-23(-25) × 3.5-5(-6) µm .. M. asiaticus Mesic & Tkalcec i — Pleurocystidia longer than 42 µm, basidiospores shorter (up to 22 µm) ..................................................... 17 17. Stipe short, 9-20 mm in length, curved, pleurocystidia inflated up to 18.8 µm broad, basidiospores up to 20 µm in length .................................................................................................. M. coasiaticus J.S. Oliveira , sp. nov. — Stipe elongate, up to 60 mm in length, erect, pleurocystidia up to 11 µm broad, basidiospores reaching 21-22 µm long ........................................................................................................................................................... 18 18. Lamellar trama regular, pileipellis mottled ...................................................................... M. haematocephalus j — Lamellar trama irregular, pileipellis uniform .............................................................................................. 19 19. Pileus deep blood red, basidiospores xmm = 20.4 (± 0.3) × 3.9 (± 0.1) µm, Qmm = 5.3 (± 0.1) ......................... ......................................................................................................................................... M. haematocephalus — Pileus more pale red, Canna pink or rose, or vibrant ruby pink, basidiospores xmm = 18.9 (± 0.5) × 3.8 (± 0.1) µm, Qmm = 5 (± 0.2) ..................................................................... M. rubicundus (Singer) J.S. Oliveira , stat. nov. 20. Pileus yellowish orange or with a pale brownish yellow disc and nearly white margin ..................................... ............................................................................................................ M. haematocephalus “ f. luteocephalus ” k — Pileus with red, violet, olive, greyish blue or brown pigments .................................................................... 21 21. Pileus 1-5 mm diam., dark brown all over ........................................... M. haematocephalus “ f. atrobrunneus ” l — Pileus larger than 5 mm diam., with red, violet, purple, olive, or greyish blue hues ................................... 22 22. Pileus olive to greyish blue all over when young, disc often with red, orange or reddish purple tints in age ................................................................................................................ M. haematocephalus “ f. variabilis ” m — Pileus lacking olive and greyish blue tints .................................................................................................. 23 23. Pileus typically 10-20(-30) mm diam., margin and mid disc lilac and center deep lilac .................................. ................................................................................................................... M. haematocephalus “ f. robustus ” n — Pileus typically smaller than 10 mm diam., deep reddish brown to maroon or deep violet-purple ............. 24 24. Pileus deep reddish brown to maroon color; basidiomata often on eudicot leaves ........................................... ....................................................................................................... M. haematocephalus “ f. haematocephalus ” o — Pileus magenta, deep violet-purple or dark purple; basidiomata often on bamboo leaves ........................... 25 25. Basidiospores 13-14.5(-15) × (2.5-)3.5-4(-5) µm .................................................... M. haematocephalus f. 1 p — Basidiospores (18-)18.5-22 × 3.5-4.2(-4.7) µm ................................... M. haematocephalus “ f. atroviolaceus ” q