Apaturinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Korean Peninsula: Synonymic Lists and Keys to Tribes, Genera and Species Author Lee, Young June text Zootaxa 2009 2169 1 20 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.189163 4ebc5dfe-89b1-40fc-b7eb-cde38eeca794 1175-5326 189163 Hestina japonica ( Felder and Felder, 1862 ) ( Figs. 3 , 11–12 ) Apatura japonica Felder and Felder, 1862 : 27 [ Type locality: “ Japonia ”]. Hestina japonica : Matsumura, 1907 : 80 (first record from Korea ); Lee, 1971 : 12 ; Seok, 1973 : 150 ; Lee, 1973 : 6 ; Lee, 1982 : 76 ; Lee, 2005 : 27 . Diagora japonica : Seok, 1939b : 107 ; Seok, 1942: 87. Euripus japonicus var. chinensis Leech, 1890a : 32 [ Type locality: “N. of Ichang”, China ]; Nakayama, 1932 : 379 ( Diagora japonica subsp.); Mori et al ., 1934 : 36 ( Diagora japonica subsp.). Hestina subviridis Leech, 1891 : 27 [ Type locality: “Wa-ssu-Kow”, northwestern China ]; Doi, 1931 : 45 ( Diagora ); Nakayama, 1932 : 379 ( Diagora ); Mori et al ., 1934 : 36 ( Diagora ); Seok, 1939b : 108 ( Diagora ); Seok, 1973 : 150 ( japonica f.). Hestina japonica seoki Shirôzu, 1955 : 232 [ Type locality: central and south Korea ]; Kim and Mi, 1956 : 382 , 397; Shin , 1975 : 45 ; Inomata, 1982 : xix. Hestina japonica f. japonica : Seok, 1973 : 150 . Hestina persimilis : Chou, 1994 : 449 (nec Westwood, [1850] ). Subspecies. The Korean populations are considered to belong to subsp. seoki independently from the nominal subspecies in Japan and subsp. chinensis in eastern China ( Fig. 11 ). Adult. Active from early May to as late as late September, depending on brood (three broods in C. Korea ). Males often puddle ( Fig. 12 ), and they feed on carrion or fermenting fluxes on trees. Males occasionally fly to and pass by mountain peaks or ridges and sometimes are territorial and engage in hilltopping. Females are attracted to fermenting fluids, especially fluxes issuing from oak trees. Larval host plants. Celtis jessoensis Koidz. , Celtis sinensis Pers . , etc. of the Ulmaceae ( Joo et al . 1997 ) . Life cycle. Not documented for the Korean populations. Usually the 4th or 5th instar larvae hibernate on undersides of dry fallen leaves on the ground below the food plants. Distribution. Central and southern Korea (including some adjacent islands of Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeollanam-do, but not on Jejudo Is. and Ulleungdo Is.), eastern China , Japan . Remarks. Korean populations belong to Hestina japonica but have often been misidentified as Hestina persimilis , which is distributed in southern China , Indo-China, Myanmar , the Himalayas and eastern India , etc. ( Fig. 11 ). The two species of the Hestina persimilis species complex, H . persimilis and H . japonica , are morphologically similar but distinguishable by differences in wing shape and wing pattern. H . persimilis apparently mimics a danaid butterfly, Parantica aglea (Stoll) , which overlaps the distribution of H . persimilis . However, H . japonica doesn’t mimic P . aglea , which is not sympatric with H . japonica .