A study of the subfamily Archoleptonetinae (Araneae, Leptonetidae) with a review of the morphology and relationships for the Leptonetidae Author Ledford, Joel M. Author Griswold, Charles E. text Zootaxa 2010 2391 1 32 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.193866 d4514350-31c1-48f4-a3ac-3c768b6b5e65 1175-5326 193866 Archoleptoneta schusteri Gertsch, 1974 ( Figs. 1 , 6–10 , 23, 25–26 , 33 , 35, 37, 39, 41 , 43–45, 47–48 , 49–56 , 76–78 , 97–102 , 109 ) Types . Male holotype from 6 miles Southeast of Half Moon Bay, San Mateo County, California, USA (AMNH, examined). Other material examined. USA : California: Alameda County: Berkeley, 2.iii.1958 , L. M. Smith, 37.87N , 122.26W , 4 females ( AMNH ); Castro Valley, 24.iii.1941 , W. M. Pearce, 37.71N , 122.07W , 1 female ( AMNH ); Oakland, 30.ii.1953 , W. O. Bentinck, 37.77N , 122.21W , 1 female ( AMNH ); Sinbad Creek, West of Pleasanton, 27.iii.1992 , D. Ubick, 37.61N , 121.88W , 1 female (DU); Contra Costa County : 1mi . West Orinda, 12.xii.1953 , V. Roth, 37.88N , 122.20W , 1 male , 3 females ( AMNH ); Mt. Diablo State Park, North Gate Road, 22.ii.1991 , D. Ubick, 37.88N , 121.98W , 1 female (DU); Fresno County : 0.3 mi . South Highway 180 along Highway 63, 29.iii.1991 , D. Ubick, 36.72N , 119.28W , 3 males , 2 females , 2 juveniles (DU); Marin County : Carson Ridge, 1.i.1961 , C. W. O'Brien, 37.96N , 122.63W , 1 male ( AMNH ); Inverness, xi.1953 , V. Roth, 38.083N , 122.83W , 1 female ( AMNH ); Novato, 7.i.1987 , D. Ubick, 38.12N , 122.57W , 1 male , 1 female , 2 juveniles (DU); Novato, Burdell Mountain, 16.iii.1990 , D. Ubick and T. S. Briggs, 38.12N , 122.57W , 2 males (DU); Novato, San Marin Drive, 2.i.1986 , D. Ubick, 38.12N , 122.57W , 1 male , 3 females (DU); Novato, San Marin Drive, 18.iv.1992 , D. Ubick and J. Boutin, 38.12N , 122.57W , 2 males (DU); South Slope of Burdell Mtn., North of Novato, 28.xi.1992 , D. Ubick, J. Boutin, C. Griswold, and T. Meikle, 38.12N , 122.57W , 2 males , 8 females , 3 juveniles ( CASC ); 3mi . NW San Rafael, Terra Linda, 7.iii.1982 , D. Ubick and T. S. Briggs, 38.00N , 122.55W , 2 males (DU); Novato, San Marin Drive, 14.iii.1982 , D. Ubick, 38.12N , 122.57W , 1 male , 2 females (DU); Novato, San Marin Drive, 7.xii.1985 , D. Ubick, 38.12N , 122.57W , 1 male , 3 females (DU); Tiburon, Ring Mtn., 19.iii.1994 , D. Ubick, 37.90N , 122.48W , 1 male , 1 female (DU); Monterey County : Coast Ridge Trail, 1.vi.1991 , D. Ubick, 35.97N , 121.43W , 1 female (DU); Point Cypress, 4mi . NE of Carmel, 23.ii.1957 , G. A. Marsh, 36.56N , 121.82W , 1 female ( AMNH ); Napa County : 3mi . North Calistoga, 31.xii.1953 , G. A. Marsh, R. O. Schuster, and V. Roth, 38.62N , 122.57W , 2 females ( AMNH ); Mt. St. Helena , 31.xii.1953 , G. Marsh, R. Schuster, and V. Roth, 38.66N , 122.63W , 1 female ( AMNH ); San Benito County: 12.7mi . SE of Pacines on Panoche Rd., 1.xii.1984 , D. Ubick, 36.66N , 121.05W , 1 male , 2 females (DU); San Francisco County : Potrero Hill, 18.i.1990 , D. Ubick, 37.75N , 122.39W , 1 male (DU); Potrero Hill, 23.xii.1988 , T. S. Briggs, 37.75N , 122.39W , 1 female (DU); San Mateo County : Belmont, 5.iii.1961 , R. O. Schuster, 37.51N , 122.29W , 1 female ( AMNH ); Canada College, 23.x.1988 , T. S. Briggs, 37.44N , 122.26W , 2 females (DU); Edgewood Park, 2.i.1987 , D. Ubick, 37.47N , 122.28W , 1 female , 2 juveniles (DU); Edgewood Park, 24.xii.1987 , D. Ubick, 37.47N , 122.28W , 1 male (DU); Polhemus Rd., 2.i.1983 , D. Ubick, 37.52N , 122.34W , 3 females (DU); San Bruno Mountain, 1.iii.1992 , D. Ubick, 37.68N , 122.43W , 1 female (DU); San Bruno Mountain, 18.i.1992 , D. Ubick, 37.68N , 122.43W , 1 female (DU); Sharp Park, 29.iii.1960 , S. F. Bailey, 37.63N , 122.47W , 1 male ( AMNH ); Jasper Ridge Biological Reserve, 30.xii.1988 , D. Ubick, 37.40N , 122.24W , 3 females , 2 juveniles (DU); Santa Clara County: Henry Coe State Park, 31.iii.1989 , D. Ubick, 37.21N , 121.51W , 1 female (DU); Mt. Madonna, 2.i.1954 , R. Burdick, 37.01N , 121.70W , 1 male , 6 females ( AMNH ); San Antonio Valley Rd., 7.iv.1991 , D. Ubick, 37.35N , 121.54W , 1 female (DU); Santa Teresa County Park, South end, serpentine grassland, 10.ii.1989 , 37.21N , 121.78W , D. Ubick, 1 female (DU); Shaeirn Ranch, 5.2mi . North Bell Station, 10.ii.1991 , D. Ubick, W. Rauscher, 37.11N , 121.31W , 6 females (DU); Stevens Creek, 2.vi.1957 , R. O. Schuster, 37.27N , 122.07W , 2 males , 6 females ( AMNH ); Stevens Creek, 27.vii.1957 , G. A. Marsh, 37.27N , 122.07W , 1 female ( AMNH ); Santa Cruz County : 9.5mi . NE of Soquel, 31.xii.1956 , S. M. Fidel, 37.11N , 121.95W , 6 males , 1 female , 8 juveniles ( AMNH ); Ben Lomond, 21.vi.1953 , C. D. MacNeill, 37.07N , 122.08W , 1 male ( AMNH ); Santa Boulder Creek, 22.i.1955 , Burdick and Wasbauer, 37.13N , 122.12W , 1 female ( AMNH ); Cave Gulch, 18.vi.1984 , D. Ubick, 36.99N , 122.07W , 1 female (DU); Shasta County: outside Potter Creek Cave, 8.vi.1995 , D. Ubick, 40.78N , 122.28W , 1 female (DU); Sonoma County : 1.5mi . East Healdsburg, 29.iii.1981 , D. Ubick, 38.62N , 122.83W , 1 female (DU); Mark West Springs, 31.xii.1953 , Roth, Schuster, and Marsh, 38.54N , 122.72W , 1 female ( AMNH ); Tulare County : Bacon Hill, 24.iii.1991 , D. Ubick, T. Briggs, and W. Rauscher, 36.45N , 119.18W , 1 male (DU); Sequoia/ Kings Cyn. National Park, Clough Cave, 27.iv.2004 , J. Krejca, P. Sprouse, S. Fryer, D. Ubick, P. Paquin, 36.35N , 118.76W , 2 females ( CASC ). Diagnosis. Separated from Archoleptoneta gertschi sp. nov. by having males with an embolus that runs the length of the tarsus ( Figs. 76 , 98 ) and an apically pointed median sclerite ( Figs. 98, 101 ). Females with elongate spermathecae on narrow bases, approximately three times as long as wide ( Fig. 109 ). Description. Male ( holotype ). Total length 1.36. Specimen yellow- orange; missing left leg II and patella- tarsus of legs III & IV. Carapace 0.55 long, 0.48 wide, height at fovea 0.23 x carapace width; clypeus 0.08 high, chelicerae 0.23 long. Ocular area 0.04 long, 0.06 wide. Sternum 0.4 long, 0.35 wide; labium 0.03 long, 0.09 wide; palpal coxae 0.19 long, 0.11 wide. Legs covered with fine setae. Leg formula IV, I, II, III. Measurements (Femur + Patella + Tibia + Metatarsus + Tarsus = [Total]): I: 0.76 + 0.21 + 0.20 + 0.58 + 0.40 = [2.15]; II: 0.64 + 0.20 + 0.53 + 0.47 + 0.28 = [2.12]; III: 0.58 + 0.18 + 0.46 + 0.43 + 0.34 = [1.99]; IV: 0.76 + 0.18 + 0.69 + 0.52 + 0.38 = [2.53]; pedipalpus: 0.32 + 0.08 + 0.15 + 0.29 = [0.84]. Femur I 1.58 x carapace width, palpal femur 0.66 x carapace width. Palpal bulb 0.17 long, 0.13 wide; embolus sinuous and extending to the tip of the tarsus. Prolateral sclerite straight, produced to a blunt point apically; median sclerite with a slight retrolateral bend and tapering to a fine point; retrolateral sclerite tapering to a fine point. Abdomen pale, without pattern, 0.81 long, 0.50 wide. Variation ( n = 8). Total length 1.23–1.77; carapace length 1.15–1.23 x carapace width; OAL 0.50–0.66 x OAW; length femur I 1.58–1.90 x carapace width, palpal femur 0.59–0.67 x carapace width. Embolus straight ( Fig. 98 ) to sinuous ( Fig. 76 ). Female (Soquel). Total length 1.45. Coloration and markings identical to male. Carapace 0.60 long, 0.48 wide, height at fovea 1.4 × carapace width; clypeus 0.09 high, chelicerae 0.24 long. Ocular area 0.40 long, 0.70 wide. Sternum as long as wide; labium 0.03 long, 0.08 wide; palpal coxae 0.18 long, 0.06 wide. Leg measurements (Femur + Patella + Tibia + Metatarsus + Tarsus = [Total]): I: 0.73 + 0.21 + 0.65 + 0.55 + 0.39 = [2.53]; II: 0.61 + 0.18 + 0.55 + 0.47 + 0.35 = [2.16]; III: 0.58 + 0.19 + 0.47 + 0.44 + 0.32 = [2.0]; IV: 0.73 + 0.19 + 0.69 + 0.50 + 0.37 = [2.48]; pedipalpus: 0.23 + 0.11 + 0.16 + 0.24 = [0.74]. Femur I 1.5 × carapace width, palpal femur 0.47 × carapace width. Abdomen 0.85 long, 0.73 wide. Spermathecae longer than wide and with narrow bases ( Fig. 109 ). Variation ( n = 5). Total length 1.45–1.82; carapace length 1.20–1.27 × carapace width; OAL 0.57–0.67 × OAW; length femur I 1.50–1.72 × carapace width, palpal femur 0.42–0.61 × carapace width. Distribution. Widespread in California ( Fig.115 ) from Sonoma County south to Monterey County and east to Fresno County. Natural history. Archoleptoneta schusteri occurs in a variety of habitats but are most commonly encountered under moist stones and leaf litter. Several populations in the Bay Area are abundant on serpentine soils. The eggsac is a flattened disc, which contains 4– 6 eggs, adhered to the bottom of stones. Specimens maintained in captivity produced minimal silk and cribellate carding behavior has not been observed.