Review of Brazilian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), with description of ten new species Author Soares, Matheus M. M. 0000-0002-2355-1441 matheusmmsoares@gmail.com Author Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P. 0000-0002-7560-4939 rpfreitas.silva@gmail.com Author Ale-Rocha, Rosaly 0000-0001-9874-9770 alerocha@inpa.gov.br text Zootaxa 2021 2021-10-11 5049 1 1 84 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5049.1.1 journal article 3976 10.11646/zootaxa.5049.1.1 5dc17a27-e095-4dc8-b10d-09fc935dbf45 1175-5326 5560580 F9647501-7F6B-4286-AEEE-19B620F697ED Syneches annulipes Bezzi ( Figs 7A–E , 57 ) Syneches annulipes Bezzi, 1909: 316 ; Collin, 1933: 28 (cit.); Smith, 1967: 9 (cat.); Rafael & Ale-Rocha, 1995: 536 , figs 47–49, 66 (rev.); Yang et al ., 2007: 306 (cat.); Ale-Rocha & Vieira, 2008: 115 ( Brazil ); Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016: 408–409 , figs 17–18, 118 (diagn., female, distr.); Soares & Ale-Rocha, 2018: 639 , figs 9, 14 (NE Brazil ). Type locality: Mapiri, La Paz , Bolivia . Diagnosis. Small size ( 2.3 mm ) ( Fig. 7A ). Antenna brown to dark brown ( Fig. 7C ). Scutum mostly rounded, broader than mesopleuron in lateral view, covered with reddish brown pruinescence, except on pprn lb and prescutellar disc, both covered with gray pruinescence, one spot of gray pruinescence on npl and other just above npl ( Figs 7B, D ). Scutellum covered with gray pruinescence ( Fig. 7D ). Wing hyaline to sub-hyaline, pterostigma small, set distal to apex of R 1 , limited to a slight infuscation posterior to apex of R 1 or pterostigma inconspicuous, only with apex of R 2+3 darkened; R 2+3 slightly angulate near apex; second section of M 1 as long as crossvein r-m; cell bm slightly longer than cells br and cua ( Fig. 7E ). Material examined. BRAZIL . Roraima : Bonfim , Ig [arapé] Arraia , Varredura , v.1991 , J.A. Rafael , R.A. Rocha , J. Vidal , Comparado com tipo [compared with holotype ], Syneches annulipes , Det. R. Ale-Rocha ( 1 ♂ , INPA ) . Rondônia : Vilhena , 12°46′55″S 60°22′18″W , 25.iv.2006 , J.A. Rafael & F.F. Xavier F., Arm. luz ( 1 ♀ , INPA ) . Maranhão: Mirador , Parque Est. Mirador , Base da Geraldina , 06°37′25″S 45°52′08″W , Varredura , 14–18.viii.2012 , F. Limeira-de-Oliveira , J.S. Pinto Junior & D.W.A. Marques ( 1♂ , 1♀ , CZMA ) ; idem , Armadilha suspensa, 10- 16.v.2013 , F. Limeira-de-Oliveira , L.L.M. Santos & L.S. Santos ( 1 ♀ , CZMA ) ; idem , Base dos Cágados , 06°46′29″S 45°06′28″W , Armadilha de Malaise , 26.xi.2011 ( 1♀ , CZMA ) ; Carolina , PARNA Chapada das Mesas , Água Fria , 212 m , 07°04′14.11″S 47°17′16.40″W , Armadilha Suspensa ( 5 ♂ , CZMA ) , 13–20.viii.2014 , J.A. Rafael , F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.L. Rocha & G.A. Reis , cols. ( 1 ♂ , CZMA ) ; Caxias , Zona Rural , Olho D’água das Moças , 04°39′43″S . 43°03′13″W , Varredura , 24.vii.2012 , J.A. Rafael , F.Limeira-de-Oliveira & J.S. Pinto Junior ( 1♂ , CZMA ) . FIGURE 7. Syneches annulipes Bezzi, 1905 (male from Roraima compared with holotype). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Thorax, posterior view; E. Wing. Distribution. Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso , Maranhão *, Pará, Piauí , Rondônia * and Roraima ) ( Fig. 57 ); Bolivia . Syneches annulipes was previously known to occur in the Amazon and Caatinga biomes and now is also registered in the Cerrado biome. Remarks. Syneches annulipes is similar to S . vidali by the scutum broader than mesopleuron in lateral view and pruinescence pattern on scutum and scutellum. However, S. annulipes differs from the latter in having a small pterostigma, located distal to the apex of R 1 or inconspicuous. In contrast, S . vidali has the pterostigma divided into two dark spots.