Nephtyidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from southern Europe 2682
Author
Ravara, Ascensão
Author
Cunha, Marina R.
Author
Pleijel, Fredrik
text
Zootaxa
2010
2010-11-19
2682
1
1
68
https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2682.1.1
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.2682.1.1
11755334
5346231
CC2B98CA-8CEB-4362-A018-031A4B27A725
Nephtys longosetosa
Örsted, 1842
Figure 13
,
22
Nephthys longosetosa
Örsted, 1842: 123
;
Örsted 1843b: 195
, pl. VI, figs. 75 and 76;
Saint-Joseph 1894: 20
, pl. I, fig. 19;
Fauvel 1923: 367
, fig. 143f–h;
Ditlevsen 1937: 20
;
Uschakov 1955: 219
, fig. 68C–E;
Southward 1956: 264
.
Nephthys longisetosa
[misspelling of
longosetosa
]
Johnston 1865: 172
, fig. 5 (partim); not
Malmgren 1865: 106
, tab. XII, fig. 20;
Verrill 1881: 295
, 319;
Michaelsen 1896: 24
;
Heinen 1911: 26
, fig. 7;
Augener 1913: 193
;
Okuda 1939: 231
; not
McIntosh 1908: 29
, pl. LVII, figs. 10–12, pl. LXVI, fig. 11, pl. LXXVII, fig. 8.
Nephthys johnstoni
Ehlers, 1874: 293
;
Ehlers 1875: 38
, pl. III, figs. 1–4;
McIntosh 1908: 34
(partim).
Nephthys emarginata
Malm, 1874: 77
, pl. I, fig. 1 (partim).
Nephthys ciliata
Augener 1913: 193
(partim) (not
Müller 1776
).
Nephthys ciliata
form.
longosetosa
Augener 1939: 137
.
Nephtys longosetosa
Hartman 1944: 339
, pl. XV, fig. 7;
Pettibone 1954: 268
, fig. 301;
Pettibone 1956: 558
;
Imajima 1961: 87
, fig. 3;
Fauchald 1963: 8
, figs. 1C, 3F;
Pettibone 1963: 204
, fig. 47A;
Imajima and Hartman 1964: 157
;
Hartmann-Schröder 1971: 221
, figs. 71C, 73A–B;
Wolff 1968: 4
, fig. 8;
Kirkegaard 1969: 52
, figs. 24–26;
Paik 1973: 125
, pl. I, figs. E and F;
Garwood and Olive 1981: 195
, figs. 1, 2, 4B, 5A and 6;
Imajima and Takeda 1987: 60
, figs. 10A–I, 14;
Jirkov 1989: 78
,
Figs. 16.10 and 16.11
;
Rainer 1991: 80
, fig. 3D;
Kirkegaard 1992: 339
, fig. 166;
Hartmann-Schröder 1996: 229
, fig. 102;
Böggemann 1997: 80
, fig. 58; Dnestrovskaya and Jirkov 2001: 205,1 fig.
Nephtys longesetosa
[misspelling of
longosetosa
]
Laborda 2004: 406
, fig. 149D.
Type
locality.
Greenland
,
Arctic
.
Material examined.
Arctic Ocean.
Greenland
: 2 incomplete spms (
NHM
1921.5.1.704 as
N. caeca
).
Atlantic Ocean. Kattegat, Anholt: 1 incomplete spm (
GNHM
Polych. 49,
syntype
of
N. emarginata
); Anholt- Lysegrund:
Jan 1873
, 1 complete and 3 incomplete spms (
GNHM
Polych. 1231,
syntypes
of
N. emarginata
) and 5 incomplete spms (
GNHM
Polych. 1232,
syntypes
of
N. emarginata
). North Sea,
Scotland
, off
Shetland Islands
: 1 complete spm (
NHM
: 1865.3.9.18 as
N. longisetosa
).
Belgium
, Oostend: 2 complete spms (
NHM
1928.4.26.559/560).
Description.
Examined specimens up to
90 mm
long for up to 118 chaetigers. See
Fig. 13
for length and width measurements. Body long and slender, of about same width, slightly tapering posteriorly. Colour in ethanol cream; chaetae whitish; tip of aciculae brown. Eyes not visible. Pharynx distal region with 10 pairs of terminal bifid papillae, separated by dorsal and ventral small elevation; middorsal papilla cirriform, long (
Fig. 13D
); subdistal region with 22 rows of 4–7 long and conical subterminal papillae, extending over 1/2 length of pharynx; proximal region smooth. Jaws conical, brown. Prostomium subpentagonal, anterior margin slightly convex, tapering between antennae, posterior margin V-shaped (
Fig. 22A
); antennae and palps conical, subequal in length; palps inserted ventrolaterally on median region of prostomium. Nuchal organs rounded, somewhat hidden by a fold made by the anterior border of the first chaetiger. Parapodia biramous; interramal space “U-shaped”, heavily ciliated. Parapodia of chaetiger 1 similar in size to subsequent ones, directed anteriorly, parallel to prostomium; notopodial acicular lobes rounded; pre- and postchaetal lamellae well developed but not extending beyond acicular lobes, rounded; neuropodial pre- and postchaetal lamellae forming a cylinder covering acicular lobe; dorsal and ventral cirri well developed, subequal in length (
Fig. 13C
), conical to cirriform. Acicular lobes of following parapodia rounded or slightly bilobed; prechaetal lamellae poorly developed, rounded; notopodial postchaetal lamellae extending beyond acicular lobes, unequally bilobed, with dorsal lobe much larger than ventral one; neuropodial postchaetal lamellae extending well beyond acicular lobes, with a median ventral incision giving it a typical S-shaped appearence; dorsal cirri slender, with broad base and a cirriform tip; ventral cirri conical somewhat flattened (
Figs. 22B–C
). Branchiae recurved, heavily ciliated, with very small, rounded basal projection; present from chaetiger 3 to near posterior end; occupy 2/3 of interramal space when fully developed. Chaetae very thin and long, of three kinds: barred chaetae in preacicular position, coarsely spinulated chaetae in postacicular position, and capillary chaetae in neuropodia of chaetiger 1. One acicula per ramus, posterior ones with curved tips.
Remarks.
Nephtys longosetosa
has often been confused with other species, especially with
N. caeca
.
Fauchald (1963)
summarized the synonymy history for both species and
Garwood and Olive (1981)
provided a detailed comparison between them. The main differences between these two species were already mentioned in the remarks on
N. caeca
, and consist on start of branchiae, parapodial lamellae proportions and pharynx papillae patterns. All specimens of
N. longosetosa
examined have branchiae starting from chaetiger 3 and neuropodial postchaetal lamellae with a soft ventral incision, giving an “S” appearance to the lamellae. Pharynx of
N. longosetosa
differs from
N. caeca
in having a long middorsal papillae and a smooth proximal region. Both
N. caeca
and
N. longosetosa
are cold-water species, with overlapping geographical distributions, occurring more frequently in northern regions. Specimens from NW Spain, Mediterranean Sea and Pacific Ocean were not available for confirmation and therefore these records should be considered with caution. Nevertheless, the Spanish records are the reason why this species is included in this paper. Two examined specimens, from
Panama
(NHM 1928.9.13.22) and Alaska (CASIZ 22792), labelled as
N. longosetosa
do not belong to this species.
Distribution.
Arctic Ocean (
Greenland
); Atlantic Ocean (
Norway
, North Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat, western Baltic, NW Spain); Mediterranean Sea (as far as the Black Sea); Pacific Ocean (Bering Sea; Sea of Okhotsk;
Japan
; Yellow Sea;
China
Sea; Alaska to California) (
Imajima & Takeda 1987
;
Rainer 1991
;
Jung & Hong 1997
;
Laborda 2004
). There is another report of this species from the Strait of Magellan (
Imajima & Takeda 1987
), but this record requires confirmation.
Habitat.
In a wide variety of sediments, most common in well-sorted fine or medium sands, from the lower intertidal to
1000 m
depth (
Rainer 1991
;
Jung & Hong 1997
;
Laborda 2004
).