Siphocampylus flavescens (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), a New Endangered Species from Southeastern Brazil Author Coelho, Guilherme Peres Programa de Pos-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501 - 970, Brazil guilherme.coelho@acad.pucrs.br Author Iganci, João Ricardo Vieira Programa de Pos-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501 - 970, Brazil. & Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Universitario Capão do Leão, Caixa Postal 354, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96010900, Brazil Author Miotto, Silvia Teresinha Sfoggia Programa de Pos-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501 - 970, Brazil text Systematic Botany 2022 Basel, Switzerland 2022-06-15 47 2 562 566 http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364422x16512564801597 journal article 280628 10.1600/036364422x16512564801597 f4ec2b29-299e-4e10-a261-00e6e47678c2 10257639 Siphocampylus flavescens G.P.Coelho , sp. nov. TYPE : BRAZIL . Minas Gerais , Olaria , Serra Negra , on vicinal road 10 km from BR-267 , - 21.935485 ° , - 43.928723 ° , 1032 m , 12 December 2019 , G.P. Coelho et al. 367 ( holotype : ICN 203181 !) . A Siphocampylo fluminensi similis sed ab ea margine foliorum aequaliter denticulato, denticulis minutis, base obtusaatenuata, hypanthio breviore, late obconico, lobis calycis deflexis, tubo corollae sub-erecto, unicolore, flavo, capsula rotundata differt. Subshrubs 1–2 m tall, polycarpic, terrestrial. Stem decumbent, very branched, tomentose. Latex white. Leaves with phyllotaxis whorled, 3(–4) per node, sometimes alternate in the basis of branch, petiole 0.5–2 cm long; leaf blade 4.5–7.6 X 2.2–5.4 cm , ovate to elliptic, apex acute, base obtuse, margin unequally denticulate, membranaceous, adaxial surface with sparse trichomes, abaxial surface tomentose, especially in the veins. Flower solitary, axillary, peduncle 4.5–7.5 cm long, tomentose; hypanthium widely obconic, reduced, 0.1– 0.2(–0.4) X 0.2–0.4(–0.5) cm; calyx lobes deflexed at the upper half, linear-triangular, 0.4–0.7 cm long, margin entire; corolla tube sub-erect, 4.9–5.7 cm long, yellow, lobes triangular, yellow; staminal tube glabrescent, yellow, anthers erect, slightly curvate in the apex, glabrescent, penicillate, with a tuft of elongated white trichomes in the apex of the two lower ones, bluish; style glabrescent, stigma glabrescent. Capsule rounded, not elongated, 0.8–1.1 X 0.4–0.8 cm . Seeds elliptic to spherical, brownish, ca. 0.5 X 0.5 mm , with foveolate wall. Figure 1 . Etymology —The specific epithet refers to the color of the corolla, which is entirely yellow. This trait distinguishes the new species from most of the Brazilian species of Siphocampylus . Distribution and Habitat —This species is only known from Brazil, in Minas Gerais state. It occurs in forest edges of semi-deciduous forests in the western and northwestern parts of Serra Negra, a region in the Serra da Mantiqueira complex, in places between 1000 and 1200 m of elevation ( Fig. 2 ). This region is located at the southeastern portion of Serra da Mantiqueira and ranges from 800 to 1700 m of elevation. The vegetation of Serra Negra is characterized by a mosaic of rocky grasslands and forests, especially cloud forest ( Salimena et al. 2013 ). Siphocampylus flavescens , however, is found in the less common semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Phenology —The species was collected in flower in July, December, and February. Fruits were observed in December. Informal Conservation Status —Endangered, EN B1ab(iii)+ 2ab(iii), following IUCN (2017) guidelines. This species is only known from three localities with a narrow distribution (EOO = 480 km 2 ). It is not known to occur in any protected area and is often found on roadsides, being more exposed to human activities. Historically, the region of occurrence of the new species was explored mainly for wood extraction and pastures ( Salimena et al. 2013 ). More recently, the area is being exposed to increasing rural tourism. Paratypes — Brazil . — MINAS GERAIS : Desterro do Melo. Santinha , 21 ° 09 ' 53 '' S , 43 ° 35 ' 59 '' W , 1117 m , 28 December 2013 , M. Sobral 15592 ( RB 604219 !); Lima Duarte . Estrada para Monte Verde , 24 July 1987 , M.C. Brugger s.n. ( SPF 73004 !) .