Revision of the Nearctic species of the Lasioglossum (Dialictus) gemmatum species complex (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) Author Gardner, Joel AA15FE6E-921A-46D6-BC67-88E067F283D9 Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, 12 Dafoe Rd., Winnipeg, R 3 T 2 N 2, Manitoba, Canada. clickbeetle3364@gmail.com Author Gibbs, Jason BA42A49F-3EBC-4679-8F03-A58E798106B1 Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, 12 Dafoe Rd., Winnipeg, R 3 T 2 N 2, Manitoba, Canada. jason.gibbs@umanitoba.ca text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-02-10 858 1 1 222 http://zoobank.org/d760cf56-dda7-4a35-9a2b-bf1f7e59f313 journal article 265947 10.5852/ejt.2023.858.2041 53d813c3-9674-4b65-9cdc-2ec09ecc445c 2118-9773 7629347 D760CF56-DDA7-4A35-9A2B-BF1F7E59F313 Lasioglossum ( Dialictus ) pseudotegulare ( Cockerell, 1896 ) Figs 51–53 , 76M , 88A , 89A , 108B , 111A , 112A Halictus pseudotegularis Cockerell, 1896: 294 ( holotype , ♀ , deposited in USNM, examined). Halictus pseudotegularis – Cockerell 1899: 5 (catalogue). Halictus ( Chloralictus ) pseudotegularis – Sandhouse 1924: 2 , 8 (key to species), 11 (comparison to ellisiae ). — Ellis 1914: 101 (comparison to jamaicae = gemmatum ). Lasioglossum ( Chloralictus ) pseudotegulare – Michener 1951: 1117 (catalogue). Dialictus pseudotegularis – Hurd 1979: 1970 (catalogue). — Moure & Hurd 1987: 125 (catalogue). Diagnosis Females of L. pseudotegulare have the face relatively long (length/width ratio usually ≥0.83); tegula large (maximum length usually more than half ITS and reaching or exceeding posterior margin of mesoscutum in dorsal view), densely punctate (IS <1 PD), and with inner posterior margin strongly concave and a rounded posterior projection 0.5–1 OD in size; metapostnotum finely reticulate with shallow subparallel rugae; mesepisternum shiny with at most weak microsculpture; mesoscutum with dense erect pubescence (each seta less than its length from the one nearest it and no gaps more than 0.5 OD visible in lateral view) and short intervening setae 0.25 OD long or more; disc of T4 with sparse tomentum; mesoscutum concolourous with propodeum; apical rims of T1–T2 sometimes distinctly punctate (especially in Sonoran Desert specimens), and gena narrower than eye in lateral view. Females of L. pseudotegulare are most similar to those of L. angelicum sp. nov. , L. gaudiale , and L. magnitegula sp. nov. Females of L. angelicum have the metapostnotum shiny with strong anastomosing rugae and face slightly shorter (length/width ratio ≤ 0.83). Females of L. gaudiale have the gena about as wide as eye in lateral view, metapostnotum usually shiny, and tegula with a posterior point narrower than 0.5 OD. Females of L. magnitegula have the mesoscutum with sparse erect pubescence (each seta about its length from the one nearest it) and very short intervening setae no more than stubble, T4 without tomentum, mesoscutum more greenish, golden, or reddish, contrasting with bluer propodeum, and apical rims of T1–T2 impunctate. Males of L. pseudotegulare have the face relatively long (length/width ratio usually> 0.86); tegula large (as in the female); mesepisternum densely punctate (IS <1 PD); metapostnotum tessellate to finely reticulate with shallow subparallel rugae; discs of T1–T2 deeply, distinctly, and densely punctate (IS ≤ 1 PD); T1–T2 apical rims with numerous deep, dense punctures basolaterally (IS ≤1 PD); and head and mesosoma uniformly coloured. Males of L. pseudotegulare are most similar to those of L. angelicum sp. nov. and L. magnitegula sp. nov. Males of L. angelicum have the face shorter (length/width ratio ≤0.86) and discs of T1–T3 more sparsely punctate (IS = 1–2 PD). Males of L. magnitegula have the T1–T2 apical rims impunctate and mesoscutum with a more greenish or golden tint, contrasting with the bluer propodeum. In direct comparison, the mesosoma punctures are somewhat larger and coarser in L. magnitegula than in L. pseudotegulare . A similar, undescribed species only known from Veracruz may be confused with L. pseudotegulare , but can be separated in both sexes by the metapostnotum shiny with strong rugae and tegula usually orange (dark brown in L. pseudotegulare ). Some other species in the L. stictaspis species complex can also be very similar in both sexes. Most have the mesepisternum dull or more sparsely punctate (IS = 1–2 PD), metapostnotum with strong anastomosing rugae, or T1–T2 less distinctly punctate, but a few can only be distinguished by a shorter face. Fig. 51. Lasioglossum ( D .) pseudotegulare ( Cockerell, 1896 ) , ♀, holotype (USNM 12065). A . Dorsal habitus. B . Lateral habitus. C . Face. D . Metasoma. Scale bars = 1 mm. Fig. 52. Lasioglossum ( D .) pseudotegulare ( Cockerell, 1896 ) , ♂ (A =ASUHIC0112600; B–C = ASUHIC0113605; D = ASUHIC0112865). A . Lateral habitus. B . Dorsal habitus. C . Face. D . Metasoma and propodeum. Scale bars = 1 mm. Etymology Cockerell (1896) formed the specific epithet ʻ pseudotegularis ʼ from the Greek noun ʻ pseudos ʼ (lie), the Latin noun ʻ tegula ʼ (roof tile, literally ʻcovering instrumentʼ, now applied to the sclerite covering the wing base), and the Latin adjectival suffix ʻ -aris ʼ (of or pertaining to). Material examined Holotype MEXICO – Veracruz • ♀ ; Paso de Telaya ; [ 20.19° N , 96.87° W ]; 29 Mar. ; C.H.T. Townsend leg.; ex Argemone mexicana ; USNM 12065 . Other material MEXICO – Chiapas • 1 ♀ ; Puerto “Madera” [Madero]; [ 14.73° N , 92.42° W ]; Oct. 1954 ; N.L.H. Krauss leg.; SEMC • 1 ♀ ; Suchiate , Ignacio López Rayón ; 14.6252° N , 92.1866° W ; elev. 18 m ; 17 Dec. 1986 ; I. Zarazua leg.; ECOAB .44006 • 1 ♀ ; Tapachula ; 14.74° N , 92.31° W ; elev. 28 m ; 6 Mar. 2015 ; Jovani Ruiz et al. leg.; ECOAB .77418 • 1 ♀ ; Tuxtla Chico , Rosario Izapa ; 14.9733° N , 92.1546° W ; elev. 445 m ; 3 Mar. 2001 ; F. Camposeco , Miguel Guzmán , M. Rincón leg.; ECOAB .52762 . – Colima • 1 ♀ ; Manzanillo ; [ 19.11° N , 104.34° W ]; 14 Jul. 1965 ; W.F. Chamberlain leg.; TAMU-ENTO X1388664 . – Guerrero • 1 ♀ ; 20 mi. W of Acapulco ; [ 16.98° N , 100.17° W ]; 10 Aug. 1962 ; SEMC . – Jalisco • 1 ♀ ; La Huerta ; [ 19.48° N , 104.64° W ]; 15 Jul. 1989 ; R . J. McGinley leg.; USNM . – Morelos • 2 ♀♀ ; 7.3 mi. S of Yautepec ; [ 18.78° N , 99.06° W ]; elev. 914 m ; 16 Aug. 1962 ; Ellen Ordway , Naumann leg.; SEMC . – Oaxaca • 1 ♀ ; El Camarón ; [ 15.88° N , 97° W ]; 24 Apr. 1962 ; F.D. Parker leg.; UCDC . – Puebla • 1 ♀ ; Tecuantepec ; 20.1447° N , 97.4973° W ; elev. 120 m ; 4 Jul. 2011 ; Jason J. Gibbs leg.; WRME 518957 . – San Luis Potosi • 36 ♀♀ , 13 ♂♂ ; 3.4 mi. NE of El Naranjo ; [ 22.56° N , 99.3° W ]; elev. 244 m ; 5 Sep. 1962 ; University of Kansas Mexico Expedition leg.; SEMC • 1 ♀ ; El Naranjo El Salto; [ 22.59° N , 99.38° W ]; 29 Jun. 1965 ; Paul J. Spangler leg.; USNM • 1 ♀ ; El Salto ; [ 22.59° N , 99.38° W ]; elev. 549 m ; 8 Jun. 1961 ; University of Kansas Mexico Expedition leg.; ex Kallstroemia hirsutissima ; SEMC • 2 ♀♀ , 2 ♂♂ ; ibid.; 8 Jun. 1961 ; University of Kansas Mexico Expedition leg.; SEMC • 1 ♀ ; ibid.; 3 Sep. 1962 ; SEMC • 2 ♀♀ ; El Salto Falls ; [ 22.59° N , 99.38° W ]; elev. 400 m ; 3–5 Jul. 1990 ; Robert L. Minckley leg.; ex Lippia ; SEMC • 3 ♀♀ ; El Salto Falls , 12 km NW of El Naranjo ; [ 22.59° N , 99.38° W ]; elev. 400 m ; 4 Jul. 1990 ; D. Conlon leg.; SEMC • 1 ♀ ; Tamazunchale ; [ 21.26° N , 98.79° W ]; 30 Mar. 1951 ; J. Latham leg.; SEMC • 2 ♀♀ , 3 ♂♂ ; ibid.; 31 Mar. 1951 ; N. Walker leg.; SEMC • 4 ♀♀ , 1 ♂ ; ibid.; 31 Mar. 1951 ; SEMC • 1 ♀ ; ibid.; 22 Jun. 1952 ; SEMC . – Sonora • 1 ♀ ; 5 mi. west of Santa Ana ; [ 30.56° N , 111.2° W ]; 10 Jun. 1961 ; F.D. Parker leg.; UCDC • 1 ♂ ; Magdalena ; 30.6271° N , 110.9623° W ; 2 Sep. 1970 ; George E. Bohart , R . M. Bohart leg.; BBSL1100990 • 1 ♀ ; Rancho Puerta Blanca ; 31.3119° N , 109.1133° W ; 25 May 2008 ; Robert L. Minckley leg.; RLM SBV083948 • 1 ♀ ; Rancho San Bernardino ; 31.3002° N , 109.2625° W ; 4 Jul. 2002 ; Robert L. Minckley leg.; RLM SBV063736 • 1 ♀ ; Rancho San Bernardino ; 31.3002° N , 109.2626° W ; 14 Aug. 2002 ; A. Romero leg.; RLM SBV044128 • 1 ♀ ; Rancho San Bernardino ; 31.3109° N , 108.9932° W ; 8 Apr. 2006 ; Robert L. Minckley et al. leg.; RLM SBV057769 • 2 ♀♀ ; Rancho San Bernardino ; 31.3297° N , 109.2559° W ; 3 Apr. 2002 ; A. Romero leg.; RLM SBV016123 , SBV016519 • 1 ♀ ; Rancho San Bernardino ; 31.3321° N , 109.2702° W ; 12 Oct. 2002 ; A. Romero leg.; RLM SBV045025 • 1 ♀ ; Rancho San Bernardino ; 31.333° N , 109.265° W ; 6 May 2001 ; Robert L. Minckley leg.; RLM SBV012468 • 1 ♀ ; Rancho San Bernardino ; 31.3335° N , 109.2601° W ; 24 Jul. 2001 ; Robert L. Minckley leg.; RLM SBV134655 . – Tamaulipas • 6 ♀♀ ; 8 mi. NW of Nuevo Morelos ; [ 22.62° N , 99.31° W ]; 22 Jul. 1962 ; University of Kansas Mexico Expedition leg.; ex Kallstroemia sp. ; SEMC • 1 ♀ , 1 ♂ ; El Limón ; [ 22.82° N , 99.01° W ]; 17 Jun. 1953 ; PBL leg.; SEMC • 1 ♀ ; Tampico ; [ 22.23° N , 97.86° W ]; 26 Mar. 1951 ; SEMC . UNITED STATES – Arizona • 1 ♀ ; Cochise Co. , Rancho San Bernardino ; 31.3378° N , 109.2622° W ; 5 Sep. 2001 ; Robert L. Minckley leg.; RLM SBV139207 • 1 ♀ ; Cochise Co. , San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge ; 31.3345° N , 109.2524° W ; 11 Jul. 2001 ; Robert L. Minckley leg.; RLM SBV133322 • 1 ♀ ; Cochise Co. , San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge ; 31.3357° N , 109.2737° W ; 6 Apr. 2006 ; Robert L. Minckley et al. leg.; RLM SBV056611 • 1 ♀ ; ibid.; 22 Apr. 2007 ; Robert L. Minckley leg.; RLM SBV072889 • 1 ♀ ; Cochise Co. , San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge ; 31.3369° N , 109.2436° W ; 31 Jul. 2004 ; A. Romero leg.; RLM SBV055730 • 7 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 1100 W Mission Drive , Chandler ; 33.346° N , 111.8599° W ; elev. 367 m ; 27 Mar. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112711, 0112715, 0112716, 0112719, 0112722, 0112723, 0113166 • 1 ♂ ; ibid.; 27 Mar. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 112724 • 2 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 115 E Country Gables Drive , Phoenix ; 33.6223° N , 112.0718° W ; elev. 412 m ; 12 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113542, 0113543 • 2 ♀♀ ; ibid.; 18 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113105, 0113107 • 6 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 1414 E Libra Drive , Tempe ; 33.3656° N , 111.9163° W ; elev. 365 m ; 3 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112609, 0112610, 0112612, 0112614, 0112616, 0112729 • 5 ♂♂ ; ibid.; 3 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112453, 0112454, 0112617, 0112618, 0112730 • 1 ♂ ; ibid.; 6 Jun. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 113271 • 1 ♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 1535 N Home Unit 58, Mesa ; 33.444° N , 111.8116° W ; elev. 382 m ; 29 Mar. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 113112 • 3 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 1615 E Fremont Drive , Tempe ; 33.3823° N , 111.9128° W ; elev. 361 m ; 4 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0114780, 0114783, 0114784 • 3 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 1738 E Palmcroft Drive , Tempe ; 33.4044° N , 111.9099° W ; elev. 361 m ; 26 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113357, 0113358, 0113359 • 10 ♀♀ ; ibid.; 16 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113365, 0113367, 0113369, 0113371, 0113372, 0113373, 0113374, 0113375, 0113376, 0113378 • 10 ♂♂ ; ibid.; 16 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113381, 0113382, 0113383, 0113386, 0113389, 0113391, 0113394, 0113395, 0113397, 0113399 • 8 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 1863 E Geneva Drive , Tempe ; 33.3945° N , 111.9058° W ; elev. 362 m ; 3 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112653, 0112654, 0112655, 0112657, 0112659, 0112660, 0112661, 0112662 • 10 ♀♀ ; ibid.; 26 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112665, 0112666, 0112667, 0112668, 0112669, 0112672, 0112674, 0112677, 0112678, 0113111 • 6 ♂♂ ; ibid.; 26 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112679, 0112680, 0112681, 0112682, 0112683, 0112685 • 3 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 1926 E Calle De Caballos , Tempe ; 33.3401° N , 111.9069° W ; elev. 362 m ; 4 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113109, 0113158, 0113160 • 3 ♀♀ ; ibid.; 10 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113143, 0113147, 0113149 • 13 ♂♂ ; ibid.; 10 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112920, 0113183, 0113185, 0113186, 0113188, 0113189, 0113190, 0113191, 0113192, 0113194, 0113195, 0113198, 0113199 • 13 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 2031 S Sierra Vista Drive , Tempe ; 33.406° N , 111.9308° W ; elev. 357 m ; 3 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112459, 0112460, 0112734, 0112735, 0112736, 0112737, 0112738, 0112739, 0112740, 0112743, 0112744, 0112745, 0112747 • 2 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 2302 E Earll Drive , Phoenix ; 33.4837° N , 112.0322° W ; elev. 347 m ; 4 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113554, 0113556 • 2 ♂♂ ; ibid.; 4 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113604, 0113605 • 1 ♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 2721 E Downing Circle , Mesa ; 33.4287° N , 111.7723° W ; elev. 390 m ; 19 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 113168 • 5 ♂♂ ; ibid.; 19 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112586, 0112753, 0113260, 0113592, 0113593 • 2 ♀♀ ; ibid.; 22 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113573, 0113575 • 1 ♂ ; ibid.; 22 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 113594 • 24 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 2814 N 11 th Avenue , Phoenix ; 33.4801° N , 112.0868° W ; elev. 335 m ; 4 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113503, 0113505, 0113507, 0113508, 0113510, 0113511, 0113512, 0113513, 0113515, 0113516, 0113517, 0113518, 0113519, 0113520, 0113521, 0113523, 0113524, 0113526, 0113528, 0113529, 0113531, 0113532, 0113536, 0113540 • 11 ♂♂ ; ibid.; 4 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113579, 0113580, 0113581, 0113582, 0113583, 0113584, 0113585, 0113586, 0113587, 0113590, 0113591 • 28 ♀♀ ; ibid.; 22 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112823, 0112826, 0112827, 0112828, 0112829, 0112830, 0112831, 0112832, 0112833, 0112835, 0112836, 0112840, 0112844, 0112845, 0112846, 0112847, 0112848, 0112849, 0112850, 0112851, 0112852, 0112855, 0112856, 0112857, 0112858, 0112873, 0113577, 0113825 • 22 ♂♂ ; ibid.; 22 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112447, 0112461, 0112574, 0112575, 0112576, 0112577, 0112579, 0112583, 0112862, 0112863, 0112864, 0112865, 0112866, 0112868, 0112869, 0112870, 0112871, 0112872, 0112993, 0113596, 0113597, 0113598 • 2 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 302 E Fairmont Drive , Tempe ; 33.3964° N , 111.9346° W ; elev. 358 m ; 30 Mar. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113446, 0113450 • 5 ♀♀ ; ibid.; 27 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113478, 0113481, 0113486, 0113489, 0113492 • 1 ♂ ; ibid.; 27 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 113607 • 6 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 3346 E Downing Street , Mesa ; 33.4293° N , 111.7585° W ; elev. 395 m ; 3 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112590, 0112591, 0112593, 0112594, 0112704, 0112705 • 1 ♂ ; ibid.; 3 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 112596 • 1 ♀ ; ibid.; 22 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 112597 • 3 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 7 W Erie Drive , Tempe ; 33.3968° N , 111.9402° W ; elev. 357 m ; 18 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112703, 0113496, 0113497 • 3 ♀♀ ; ibid.; 11 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112448, 0113173, 0113174 • 1 ♀ ; ibid.; 16 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 112702 • 1 ♂ ; ibid.; 16 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 113498 • 7 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 8201 E Windsor Avenue , Scottsdale ; 33.4783° N , 111.9038° W ; elev. 373 m ; 19 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113558, 0113559, 0113560, 0113561, 0113565, 0113566, 0113569 • 3 ♂♂ ; ibid.; 19 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113600, 0113601, 0113602 • 24 ♀♀ ; ibid.; 11 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112446, 0112598, 0112601, 0112602, 0112603, 0113115, 0113117, 0113118, 0113119, 0113121, 0113122, 0113123, 0113124, 0113125, 0113127, 0113128, 0113129, 0113131, 0113132, 0113134, 0113135, 0113136, 0113139, 0113576 • 12 ♂♂ ; ibid.; 11 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112600, 0112606, 0113133, 0113175, 0113176, 0113177, 0113178, 0113179, 0113180, 0113181, 0113182, 0113606 • 3 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 8433 E Palm Lane , Scottsdale ; 33.4686° N , 111.899° W ; elev. 369 m ; 19 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0113544, 0113550, 0113552 • 14 ♀♀ ; ibid.; 16 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112622, 0112625, 0112626, 0112628, 0112630, 0112632, 0112638, 0112639, 0112642, 0112644, 0112645, 0112649, 0112650, 0112651 • 11 ♀♀ ; Maricopa Co. , 862 E 9 th Place , Mesa ; 33.4321° N , 111.812° W ; elev. 381 m ; 11 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112687, 0112688, 0112689, 0112690, 0112691, 0112693, 0112694, 0112695, 0112696, 0112697, 0112698 • 1 ♂ ; ibid.; 11 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 112699 • 1 ♀ ; Maricopa Co. , Marquahala ; [ 33.8° N , 113.3° W ]; 15 Sep. 1979 ; J. Haworth , G.D. Butler leg.; UAIC • 1 ♀ ; Maricopa Co. , Mountain View Park ; 33.5787° N , 112.0799° W ; elev. 401 m ; 7 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 112898 • 1 ♀ ; ibid.; 18 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 112932 • 1 ♀ ; Maricopa Co. , Papago Park ; 33.4571° N , 111.9424° W ; elev. 391 m ; 30 Mar. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 113239 • 2 ♀♀ ; ibid.; 3 May 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 0112473, 0112475 • 1 ♂ ; Maricopa Co. , Phoenix ; [ 33.4° N , 112.1° W ]; May–Jun. 2014 ; T . M. Onuferko leg.; WRME 518958 • 4 ♀♀ , 4 ♂♂ ; Maricopa Co. , Phoenix , Cotton Research Center ; [ 33.404° N , 111.988° W ]; 20–21 Sep. 1979 ; G.D. Butler leg.; ex cotton; UAIC • 1 ♀ ; Maricopa Co. , South Mountain Park ; 33.3565° N , 111.9891° W ; elev. 406 m ; 12 Apr. 2017 ; S.J. Hall et al. leg.; ASUHIC 112773 • 1 ♂ ; Pima Co. , Tucson ; [ 32.2° N , 110.9° W ]; 27 Jun. 1954 ; G.D. Butler leg.; ex alfalfa; UAIC • 1 ♀ ; ibid.; 19 Mar. 1955 ; G.D. Butler leg.; ex Lesquerella gordoni ; UAIC • 1 ♂ ; ibid.; 22–25 Apr. 1962 ; G.D. Butler leg.; UAIC • 1 ♂ ; ibid.; 6 Jul. 1962 ; G.D. Butler leg.; ex cotton; UAIC • 2 ♂♂ ; Santa Cruz Co. , Patagonia ; [ 31.54° N , 110.76° W ]; 10 Aug. 1958 ; F.G. Werner leg.; UAIC • 1 ♀ ; Casa Grande ; [ 32.88° N , 111.76° W ]; 18 Jul. 1956 ; C. Williams leg.; ex alfalfa; UAIC • 1 ♀ ; Coolidge ; [ 32.98° N , 111.52° W ]; 23 Feb. 1956 ; G.D. Butler leg.; UAIC • 1 ♂ ; Glendale ; [ 33.54° N , 112.19° W ]; 21 Aug. 1956 ; C. Williams leg.; ex cotton; UAIC . – California • 1 ♀ , 3 ♂♂ ; Imperial Co. , Algodones Dunes , 1 km SW of Wash Road at 11.3 km SE of Highway 78; 32.9235° N , 114.9904° W ; elev. 111 m ; 18–22 Oct. 2012 ; T . J. Zavortink leg.; UCDC • 1 ♀ ; Imperial Co. , Algodones Dunes , 1 km SW of Wash Road at 11.3 km SE of Highway 78; 32.9236° N , 114.9904° W ; elev. 113 m ; 8–12 Sep. 2014 ; Z. Khouri , T . J. Zavortink leg.; UCDC • 1 ♂ ; ibid.; 9–18 Oct. 2014 ; T . J. Zavortink leg.; UCDC • 1 ♀ ; Riverside Co. , Deep Canyon alluvial outwash; 33.6783° N , 116.3717° W ; elev. 200 m ; 4 Jun. 2002 ; M.E. Irwin leg.; BBSL FDP151772 • 1 ♂ ; Riverside Co. , Palm Springs ; 33.6796° N , 116.548° W ; 14–18 Apr. 2014 ; F.D. Parker , T . D. McIntyre leg.; BBSL FDP145682 . – Texas • 1 ♂ ; Presidio Co. , Marfa ; [ 30.31° N , 104.02° W ]; elev. 1463 m ; 29 Jul. 2001 ; W.D. Edmonds leg.; TAMU-ENTO X1297276 . Range Tropics of eastern and western Mexico , north to southern Arizona ( Fig. 53 ). Floral hosts BRASSICACEAE : Physaria : P. gordonii • FABACEAE : Medicago : M. sativa • MALVACEAE : Gossypium • PAPAVERACEAE : Argemone : A. mexicana L. DNA barcodes Twenty-three confirmed sequences available (BOLD process IDs: BBLEG172-17, DLIII133-19, NCBEE340-21, NCBEE344-21, NCBEE345-21, NCBEE346-21, NCBEE351-21, NCBEE353-21, NCBEE354-21, NCBEE355-21, NCBEE356-21, NCBEE358-21, NCBEE359-21, NCBEE360-21, NCBEE362-21, NCBEE372-21, NCBEE376-21, NCBEE377-21, NCBEE378-21, NCBEE379-21, NCBEE380-21, NCBEE381-21, NCBEE382-21). There is a moderate amount of divergence within these sequences (0.79% maximum intraspecific p-distance). They are closest in terms of p-distance to L. carlinvillense (1.07% minimum interspecific p-distance). One fixed nucleotide substitution distinguishes L. pseudotegulare from all other Nearctic species of the L. gemmatum complex: 255(T) (Supp. file 2). Comments Specimens from the Sonoran Desert usually have the apical rims of T1–T2 as distinctly punctate as the discs (except in the middle of the rim of T1), while Neotropical specimens usually have the apical rims of T1–T2 indistinctly punctate or impunctate. It is conceivable that the Sonoran and Neotropical populations are two different species. However, DNA barcodes do not distinguish specimens from Arizona , Jalisco , Puebla , or Chiapas , a few Sonoran specimens lack punctures on the rims of T1–T2 (and vice versa), and no other morphological differences between populations can be found. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support a two-species hypothesis. Fig. 53. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum ( D .) pseudotegulare ( Cockerell, 1896 ) (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modelling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence. The record of L. pseudotegulare in De Luca et al. (2019) was misidentified by J. Gardner and is in fact a L. gaudiale .