Heteroptera (Hemiptera) of the Socotra Archipelago I: Introduction, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha Author Kment, Petr 0000-0002-7026-5691 Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, CZ- 193 00 Praha 9 – Horní Počernice, Czech Republic sigara@post.cz Author Carapezza, Attilio University of Palermo; corresponding address: Via Sandro Botticelli, 15, I- 90144 Palermo, Italy attilio.carapezza@unipa.it text Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 2022 Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 2022-12-31 62 2 475 519 http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2022.026 journal article 10.37520/aemnp.2022.026 1804-6487 7617020 BF6605C2-59C5-4F22-BB7F-357F961982A8 Rhagovelia ( Rhagovelia ) infernalis socotrensis Brown, 1956 ( Figs 40–42 ) Rhagovelia infernalis socotrensis Brown, 1956: 140–142 , figs 1c, 2c ( original description). Holotype : ♀ (apterous), Yemen :Socotra, stream at Hadiboh ( BMNH ). Published records. TASCHENBERG (1883 , as ‘ Velia sp. ?’): Socotra (no exact locality); BROWN (1956) : stream at Hadibo [= Hadiboh]; WRANIK (1999 , 2000 , 2003 ): Socotra (no exact locality). Material examined. SOCOTRA : Diksam [= Dixam, ca. 500–1000 m a.s.l.], xi.1997 , 1 L, W.Wranik lgt. ( WWRG → NMPC ); Dixam plateau, Firmihin, small brook under Firmihin ( 12°28′36ʺN 54°01′06ʺE ), 490 m a.s.l., 14.–15.vi.2012 , 3 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (ap) 1 L, Socotra expedition 2012: J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart lgt. ( NMPC ); Dirhashas [= Di Hashus, ca. 950–990 m a.s.l.], ix.1998 , 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ (ma) 6 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀ (ap) 3 L, W. Wranik lgt., R. Linnavuori det., P. Kment revid. ( WWRG → NMPC ); Firmihin, [ca. 390–760 m a.s.l.], iii.1999 , 1 ♂ (ma) 3 L, W. Wranik lgt. ( WWRG → NMPC ); Hagher Mts., wadi Madar ( 12°33′12ʺN 54°00′24ʺE ), brook in montane shrubland, 1170 m a.s.l., 18.vi.2012 , 6 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀ (ap), Socotra expedition 2012: J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart lgt. ( NMPC , MMBC , NHMW ); Halla area, Arher ( 12°33′00ʺN 54°27′36ʺE ), freshwater spring in sand dune, 5 m a.s.l., 9.–10.vi.2012 , 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ap), Socotra expedition 2012: J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart lgt. ( NMPC ); Homhil, [ca. 300–600 m a.s.l.], ix.1998 , 4 ♀♀ (ap) 1 L, W. Wranik lgt. ( WWRG → NMPC ); Homhil protected area,Ain Tsahrin spring ( 12°34′12″N 54°18′30″E ), 435 m a.s.l., 11.vi.2012 , 10 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀ (ap) 7 L, Socotra expedition 2012: J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart lgt. ( NMPC , MMBC , NHMW ); Homhil Wadi, 600 m a.s.l., 5.vi.2008 , 1 ♂ (ma) 39 ♂♂ 59 ♀♀ (ap), A. Carapezza lgt. ( ACPI , BPBM ); Wadi Ayhaft ( 12°36′30″N 53°58′54″E ), 200 m a.s.l., 7.–8.xi.2010 , 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ma) 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ (ap), J. Hájek lgt. ( NMPC , NHMW ); Wadi Daneghan [= Dineghen, 5–900 m a.s.l.], 2 ♀♀ (ap), W. Wranik lgt. ( WWRG → NMPC ); Wadi Dirhor, [ 300–570 m a.s.l.], 8.vi.2008 , 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (ma) 23 ♂♂ 21 ♀♀ (ap), A. Carapezza lgt. ( ACPI , BPBM ); Wadi Kilisan, [ 365 m a.s.l.], ix.1998 , 2 ♀♀ (ap) 4 L, W. Wranik lgt. ( WWRG → NMPC ). Identification. LUNDBLAD (1936) (key, redescription of Rh. i. infernalis , description of Rh. i. africana , figures), BROWN (1956) (description, figures); WRANIK (1999 , 2000 ) (habitus photo of larva); WRANIK (2000 , 2003 ) (habitus photo of adult). Habitat. Collected on surface of a spring and several small brooks (e.g. Fig. 50 ) in coastal to montane zone ( 5−1170 m a.s.l.). LINNAVUORI (1971) collected Rh. infernalis africana in South Sudan in mountain and rain-forest cold brooks. In contrast, HYNES (1955) found Rh. i. africana in Kenya and Somalia only at altitudes below 200 m where it occurred on both permanent and temporary rivers. Distribution. Palaearctic Region: Socotra ( BROWN 1956 ). The nominotypical subspecies R. infernalis infernalis ( Butler, 1876 ) was described from Rodrigues ( BUTLER 1876 , as Velia infernalis ; LUNDBLAD 1936 ) and subsequently recorded from Reunion ( POISSON 1957b ), Mauritius ( MAMET 1957 , as Rh. infernalis ; SALLIER DUPIN 1976 ), and the Comoros ( POISSON 1957d , 1959a , with note on variation). Rhagovelia infernalis andranombyi Poisson, 1952 was described from Madagascar ( POISSON 1952a ). Rhagovelia infernalis africana Lundblad, 1936 is widely distributed in continental Subsaharan Africa: Burkina Faso ( SALLIER DUPIN 1979 ), Central African Republic ( SALLIER DUPIN 1979 ), Chad ( SALLIER DUPIN 1979 ), Democratic Republic of the Congo ( POISSON 1942 , 1954b , 1963 , 1968a ; POISSON & SALLIER DUPIN 1969 ), Ethiopia ( MANCINI 1961 ), Guinea ( BERTRAND 1962 ), Ivory Coast ( BERTRAND 1962 , POISSON 1968b , SALLIER DUPIN 1979 ), Kenya ( HYNES 1955 , LUNDBLAD 1936, POISSON 1963 ), Niger ( SALLIER DUPIN 1979 ), Nigeria ( SALLIER DUPIN 1979 ), Republic of the Congo ( BERTRAND 1962 ), Rwanda ( POISSON 1955b ), Somalia ( HYNES 1955 ), South Africa ( POISSON 1957a ), South Sudan ( LINNAVUORI 1971 ), Swaziland ( POISSON 1963 ), Uganda ( POISSON 1963 ), Tanzania ( POISSON 1960 a , 1963; SALLIER DUPIN 1976 ), Togo ( SALLIER DUPIN 1979 ), and Zimbabwe ( POISSON 1963 ) as well as in the Palaearctic Region: Israel ( NIESER 1995 ), Cyprus and possibly also in Greece (Rhodes Isl.) ( FENT et al. 2011 ). SALLIER DUPIN (1976) recorded Rh. i. infernalis and Rh. i. africana from the same locality – Kinola, Mts. Uluguru, Tanzania , and listed the distribution of both subspecies as follows: Rh. i. infernalis from Rodrigues , Mauritius , South Africa ( Cape , Transvaal), Zaïre [= Democratic Republic of the Congo ], Guinea , and Ivory Coast , and Rh. i. africana from Swaziland , Rhodesia [= Zambia and Zimbabwe ], Tanzania , Kenya , Uganda ( SALLIER DUPIN 1976 ). The records of SALLIER DUPIN (1976) require a critical revision.