Phylogenetic systematics of the Empis (Coptophlebia) hyalea-group (Insecta: Diptera: Empididae) Author Daugeron, Christophe Author Grootaert, Patrick text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2005 2005-11-30 145 3 339 391 https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00189.x journal article 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00189.x 0024-4082 5435260 EMPIS ( COPTOPHLEBIA ) JACOBSONI CLADE Monophyly: The monophyly of this clade is supported by one character: male fore tibia with a cluster or row of strong to spine-like anterodorsal bristles on basal third [character 6(1)]. Distribution ( Fig. 35 ): This group of species is widely distributed including tropical Africa ( Guinea , Central African Republic and Ivory Coast ), South-east Asia ( China : Yunnan , Malaysia , Indonesia : Java , Sumatra ) and New Caledonia . This distribution suggests that this group should also be found in New Guinea . EMPIS ( COPTOPHLEBIA ) CAMERONENSIS SP. NOV. ( FIG. 24 ) Type material: Holotype : male, Malaysia , Cameron Highlands , 7.iv.1985 , D.K.McAlpine ( AMS ) . Paratype : 1 female , same data but 5.iv.1985 ( AMS ) . Etymology: The name of the species is derived from the type-locality. Description: Blackish-grey species of middle size. Fore tibia deformed with an anterodorsal row of c. 8 spinelike bristles on basal half. First mid tarsomere whitish. Sternite 7 with strong, long posterior bristles. MALE: HEAD. Occiput blackish to dusty grey. Bristles of ocellar triangle missing. Face black. Palpus black with 1 distinct bristle. Antenna black, first flagellomere conical, second and third flagellomeres missing. Labrum dark brown, length c. 1.5× head height. Labium black with numerous short bristles. Labella broken. THORAX blackish, scutum dusty grey to subshiny. All bristles black. Antepronotum with 2 short lateral bristles. Proepisternum and prosternum with 1 and 2 short bristles, respectively. Acrostichals missing. Dorsocentrals uniserial, ending with 2 strong, long bristles in prescutellar depression. Anterior and posterior spiracles blackish. LEGS dark brown-blackish. Fore tibia deformed at base, somewhat S-shaped in frontal view, with anterodorsal row of c. 8 spine-like bristles on basal half; first fore tarsomere with 1 strong, long dorsal basally, 2 strong, long anterolaterals basally, several others strong, shorter anterolaterals apically; other tarsomeres with apical circlet of strong bristles. Mid femur with strong, long ventral bristles basally; mid tibia with dorsal row of 3 strong, long bristles (at basal third, at apical quarter, apically), several strong, long posteroventrals and ventrals except basally; first mid tarsomere whitish with 1 strong, long ventral at base and apical circlet of strong bristles especially 1 long posterodorsal; other tarsomeres with apical circlet of strong bristles. Hind femur with dorsal and ventral rows of short bristles; hind tibia with dorsal row of 5 strong, long bristles, 1 strong, long anterodorsal apically, ventrally covered with numerous bristles longer apically; hind tarsus somewhat swollen; first hind tarsomere with 6 strong, long dorsal bristles and antero- and posteroventral rows of strong spine-like bristles; other tarsomeres with dorsal pair of long bristles apically. WING (length = 3.25) clear with veins brownish except M1 almost not visible. A1 abbreviated. Halter black. ABDOMEN brown-blackish with first two tergites somewhat dusty, covered with distinct bristles, tergite 8 more strongly sclerotized anterolaterally. Strong, long bristles at base, at the posterior margin of sternites and tergites, sternite 7 with strong, long posteriors, sternite 8 with numerous strong, long posterior bristles. HYPOPYGIUM ( Fig. 24 ). Cercus with minute spines at tip. Epandrium with pair of small anterodorsal protuberances, dorsal row of strong, long bristles, several other strong, long bristles at tip and ventrally. Hypandrium well sclerotized, sickle-shaped in lateral view. Phallus long, slender, not recurved. KEY TO SPECIES OF THE EMPIS ( COPTOPHLEBIA ) JACOBSONI CLADE (MALES ONLY) 1. Coxae and femora yellowish ............................................................................................................................................... 2 Legs brownish except for the yellowish to whitish mid tarsus .......................................................................................3 2. Phallus with a small ventral notch at middle, epandrium with numerous ventral bristles ( Fig. 32 ), fore tibia slender (in lateral view) with anterodorsal spine-like bristles basally, not as stout as in Figure 30 .......................................... ........................................................................................................................... E. ( C. ) mengyangensis sp. nov. ( China ) Phallus lacking a small ventral notch at middle, epandrium with widely spaced ventral bristles ( Fig. 31 ), fore tibia thick with stout anterodorsal spine-like bristles basally ( Fig. 30 ) ................. E. ( C. ) menglunensis sp. nov. ( China ) 3. Dorsal protuberances of epandrium very small, indistinct ..............................................................................................4 Dorsal protuberances of epandrium distinct ..................................................................................................................... 7 4. First fore tarsomere about as long as fore tibia ( Fig. 33A )................................ E. ( C. ) nimbaensis sp. nov. ( Guinea ) First fore tarsomere shorter than fore tibia...................................................................................................................... 5 5. Cercus with a rounded posteroventral projection subapically (Daugeron, 2002: fig. 1)................................................... ............................................................................................................... E. ( C. ) nondouensis Daugeron ( New Caledonia ) Cercus without a rounded posteroventral projection subapically ...................................................................................6 6. Epandrium rounded at tip with ventral margin bearing c. 10 bristles ( Fig. 29 ). ............................................................ ............................................................................................................... E. ( C. ) loici sp. nov. ( Central African Republic ) Epandrium somewhat lengthened, tip partially truncated with c. 15 bristles on the ventral margin ( Fig. 28 ) ........... ............................................................................................................................ E. ( C. ) lachaisei sp. nov. ( Ivory Coast ) 7. Fore tarsus swollen with last four tarsomeres more or less rounded ( Fig. 25 ), epandrium with 1 apical bristle much stronger than other apicals ( Figs 27 , 34A )........................................................................................................................ 8 Fore tarsus a little swollen, not rounded, epandrium without an apical bristle much stronger than other apicals ( Fig. 24 ) .......................................................................................................... E. ( C. ) cameronensis sp. nov. ( Malaysia ) 8. Apical four fore tarsomeres with numerous long dorsal bristles ( Fig. 25 ), hind femur somewhat S-shaped (visible in dorsal view), epandrium posteriorly strongly modified in a long very massive projection bearing 1 very strong bristle apically, hypandrium not apically developed in a long claw-like projection ( Fig. 27 )...................................................... ..................................................................................................................... E. ( C. ) jacobsoni sp. nov. ( Indonesia : Java ) Apical four fore tarsomeres with long bristles only apically, hind femur not S-shaped, epandrium not posteriorly modified in a massive projection ( Fig. 34A ), hypandrium apically developed in a long claw-like projection ( Fig. 34B ) ........................................................................................................ E. ( C. ) padangensis sp. nov. ( Indonesia : Sumatra ) FEMALE: Similar to male except for the following characters: ocellar triangle with pair of distinct bristles. Lower ommatidia enlarged, frons black, shiny, as wide as face. Second and third flagellomeres black, aristiform. Two fine, short visible acrostichals. Fore tibia with dorsal pennation on apical half, short ventral pennation on apical two-thirds; first fore tarsomere with dorsal pennation except apically. Mid femur with long and short antero- and posterodorsal pennation, respectively, ventral pennation; mid tibia with flattened ventral bristles, short and long antero- and posterodorsal pennation, respectively; first mid tarsomere with dorsal pennation, densely covered with spine-like bristles ventrally. Hind femur and tibia with long and very short antero- and posterodorsal pennation, respectively, ventral pennation; hind tibia with very short posterodorsal and anteroventral pennation. First hind tarsomere with long anterodorsal pennation except apically, short posterodorsal pennation.