Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key Author Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha 0000-0003-4874-129X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil & Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. & amanda. pnoronhap @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4874 - 129 X amanda.pnoronhap@gmail.com Author Riina, Ricarda 0000-0002-7423-899X Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain. & rriina @ rjb. csic. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7423 - 899 X rriina@rjb.csic.es Author Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi 0000-0002-8393-214X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil & Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. & mbrcaruzo @ unifesp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8393 - 214 X mbrcaruzo@unifesp.br text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-10-28 570 3 231 274 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1 journal article 176492 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1 e5151877-6fa0-44de-b9c3-4577de526c95 1179-3163 7260277 17. Croton grandivelus Baillon (1864: 322) . Lectotype (designated by Sodré et al. 2017 ): — BRAZIL . São Paulo : s.loc., 1816–1821, A. Saint-Hilaire C2 1358 ( P 00623596 !; isolectotypes A 0047307, P 00623597!) . ( Fig. 9 , K–M) Croton grandivelus is a subshrub with xylopodium, pubescent leaves (on both surfaces), and denser indument along the margin and veins. C. grandivelus is similar to C. subvillosus , due to subshrub habit, stems branched, and size of leaf blade and petiole. Following the circumscription by Sodré et al . (2022) , they can be differentiated by stipules (narrowly lanceolate with numerous glands in C. grandivelus vs. glanduliform, with 5 glands in C. subvillosus ), secondary veins of leaf blade (6–10 pairs in C. grandivelus vs. 9–24 pairs in C. subvillosus ), sepals of pistillate flowers (ovatelanceolate in C. grandivelus vs. triangular, narrow-triangular, or ovate in C. subvillosus ). The species also resembles C. fulvus (see comments under C. fulvus ). The species belongs to sect. Adenophylli subsect. Velamea . Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in Bolivia and Brazil ( MG , MS , PR , SP) ( Caruzo et al. 2020 ). Subshrubs from open vegetation, usually found in ‘cerrado’, between 550 and 790 m elevation. ( Fig. 10 ). Phenology:— Flowering from October to February and fruiting from October, November and February. Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Arapoti , 25 October 1961 , G . Hatschbach 8368 ( HBR , L , MBM , UPCB , US ). Jaguariaíva , Casa Nova , 790 m , 04 April 1915 , P . K . H . Duse ́n 16973 ( F , NY ). Tibagi , Fazenda Monte Alegre , 21 November 1942 , G . Ceccatto & J.C.H. Barbosa 36 ( F , RB ). Campo Mourão, Cerrado Valtra, 24°00’’52.04’ S , 52°21’47.02”W , 555 m , 18 October 2016 , A . P . N . Pereira, F.S. Petrongari & O.L.M. Silva 27 (SP).