Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus) guildingii Newport, 1845 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): a composite description, new samples from Western Mexico and a new species subgroup of Neotropical Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus) Author Schileyko, Arkady A. 0000-0002-6139-5240 Zoological Museum of the Moscow Lomonosov State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaja Str. 2, Moscow, 125009, Russia. schileyko 1965 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6139 - 5240 schileyko1965@gmail.com Author Cupul-Magaña, Fabio G. Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Avenida Universidad 203, Delegación Ixtapa, Puerto Vallarta, 48280, Jalisco, México. text Zootaxa 2021 2021-11-24 5071 3 301 325 journal article 3250 10.11646/zootaxa.5071.3.1 419f5c3a-2e7c-4302-921b-c4e42dde7b5a 1175-5326 5723692 2C1EE869-A61C-4568-9108-5A2397E6D12F Cormocephalus ( C. ) guildingii Newport , 1845 Figs 2–31 Cormocephalus guildingi Newport , 1845: 425 ; Cormocephalus impressus Porat, 1876: 15 ; Cupipes microstoma Kohlrausch, 1878: 24 ; Otostigma cormocephalinum Pocock, 1888: 473 ; Cupipes impressus : Kraepelin, 1903: 181 ; Cupipes neglectus Chamberlin, 1914: 186 ; Cupipes guildingi : Chamberlin, 1918: 156 ; Cormocephalus bonaerius Attems, 1928: 287 ; Cormocephalus ( C. ) impressus : Attems, 1930: 104 ; Cormocephalus ( C. ) impressus var. neglectus : Attems, 1930: 104 ; Cormocephalus ( C. ) bonaerius : Attems 1930: 99 ; Cormocephalus bonaerius : Bücherl, 1939: 249 ; Cormocephalus ( C .) bonaerius : Bücherl, 1941: 298 ; Cormocephalus ( C .) impressus : Bücherl, 1941: 298 ; Cormocephalus ( C .) impressus var. neglectus : Bücherl 1941: 299 ; Cormocephalus ( C .) bonaerius : Bücherl, 1942: 125 ; Cormocephalus bonaerius : Bücherl, 1943: 22 ; Cormocephalus ( C. ) impressus impressus : Bücherl, 1943: 23 ; Cormocephalus ( C. ) impressus neglectus : Bücherl, 1950: 179 ; Cormocephalus ( C. ) impressus glabrus Bücherl, 1950: 179 ; Cormocephalus ( C. ) impressus peruanus Bücherl, 1953: 118 ; Cormocephalus ( C. ) impressus : Kraus, 1957: 380 ; Cormocephalus bonaerius : Kraus, 1957: 382 ; Cormocephalus impressus : Crabill, 1960: 171 ; Cormocephalus bonaerius : Bücherl, 1974: 100 ; Cormocephalus ( C. ) impressus : Schileyko, 2002: 497 ; Cormocephalus bonaerius : Schileyko & Stagl 2004: 106 ; Cormocephalus impressus : Cupul-Magaña, 2009: 90 ; Cormocephalus impressus : Chagas-Jr et al. , 2014: 139; Cormocephalus impressus : Cruz-Trujillo et al ., 2015: 308 ; Cormocephalus impressus : Schileyko & Stoev, 2016: 274 ; Cormocephalus guildingi : Schileyko, 2018: 59 ; Cormocephalus guildingi : Schileyko et al. , 2018: 559 ; Cormocephalus guildingi : Martínez-Muñoz & Perez-Gelabert, 2018: 82 ; Cormocephalus guildingi : Iorio & Coulis, 2019: 18 . Locus typicus: Saint Vincent Island , Lesser Antilles. Studied material. Holotype of C. guildingii (No MYRI-016-01 in OMNH ), Figs 2–5 (digital photos examined by the first author; also figs 28–31 in Schleyko 2018). Holotype of C. impressus (= C. guildingii ) (No 453 in GMNH ), Figs 6, 7 (digital photos examined by the first author). Mexico ( Figs 13, 14 , 16–21 ), South of Jalisco State , Chamela Biological Research Station of UNAM, tropical deciduous forest at coastal plain, inside the epiphytic bromeliad genus Tillandsia L .: 1 ad. (spm 1, No EBCh-CHI-0001 in EBCh ), 1 ad (spm 2, No EBCh-CHI-0002 in EBCh ), 19º20’- 19º34’N , 104º58’- 105º04’W , 26.II.1989 , col. E. Ramírez ; 1 ad. (spm 3, No EBCh-CHI-0003 in EBCh ), 19º29’59.29”N , 105º02’36.86”W , 15.IX.2010 , col. F. Cupul ; 1 ad. (spm 4, No EBCh-CHI-0004 in EBCh ), 19º29’56.30”N , 105º02’31.32”W , 15.IX.2012 , col. F. Cupul. Jamaica ( Figs 15 , 22–27 ): 1 ad. ( ca. 37 mm ), Rc 7687, JBS 1, St. Catherine Parish , Caymanas area , hills north of Caymanas Estate , N slope, 4.7 road km from A1 at Ferry Town , 18°02.63’N , 076°53.86’W , alt. 40–60 m , 24.V. 1999 , col. I.V. Muratov & G. Rosenberg ; 1 sad. ( ca . 27 mm ), No Rc 7690, JBS 159, Clarendon Parish , Portland Ridge , Trail 27, primary forest, limestone, red soil, flat, 17°44.41’N , 077°08.69’W , alt. 80 m , 12.X.1999 , col. I.V. Muratov & G. Rosenberg ; 1 ad. ( ca. 31 mm ), Rc 7688, JBS 161, Clarendon Parish , Portland Ridge , by gun club gate, secondary forest and costal scrub, limestone, orange soil, 0–20°N slope, 17°45.33’N , 077°10.28’W , alt. 5–20 m , 12.X.1999 , col. I.V. Muratov & G. Rosenberg ; 1 sad. ( ca. 30 mm ), Rc 7691, JBS 54, St. Thomas Paris , Pera , forested hillside near sugar cane plantation, 17°52.92’N , 076°17.56’W , alt. 0 m, 2.VI.1999 , col. I.V. Muratov & G. Rosenberg ; 2 ad. ( ca . 32 mm ), Rc 7689, JBS 85, St. Andrew Parish , Lucky Valley , around walls of abandoned estate, 2.0 road km N on E side of Mammee River , secondary forest, 17°58.57’N , 076°40.64’W , alt. 360 m , 25.IX.1999 , col. I.V. Muratov & G. Rosenberg. Hispaniola (= Haiti ) Island ( Figs 28–31 ), Dominican Republic: 1 sad. ( ca. 25 mm ) Rc 7074, St. Cristobal [San Cristóbal Province], “La Cueva” Colonia, 97H6, alt. 550 m , 03.1997, col. I.V. Muratov & G. Robinson. Other personally examined material of C. guildingii . 1 ad. ( CIRAD ), Lesser Antilles , Martinique Island , Morne Aca , Le Marin , 22.11.2017 , lat. 14.4614, long. -60.9002, alt. 213 m , col. Mathieu Coulis ( Figs 8, 9 , digital photos examined by the first author; also figs 1–3 on page 19 in Iorio & Coulis 2019 ) 1 (s)ad ( ATESB ), Lesser Antilles, Guadeloupe island group, La Désirade Island about 8 km off the eastern end of Guadeloupe Island , сol. Karl Questel ( Figs 10–12 , digital photos examined by the first author). Type series of C. bonaerius Attems, 1928 (= C. guildingii synonymy by Schileyko 2018): 1 ad. lectotype (designated by Schileyko & Stagl 2004 ) + 1 sad. paralectotype (No 919 in NHMW ), 10 sad. paralectotypes (No 921 in NHMW ), Lesser Antilles, Bonnaire Island near Curaçao , leg. & don. A. Gabriel (all specimens personally examined by the first author, see pp. 106–109 and figs 22–25 in Schileyko & Stagl 2004 ). Composite diagnosis of C. guildingii . Maximal body length 46.5 mm, color of live specimens from yellow to dark brownish (head and both body ends visibly darker than middle portion of body and legs) with some purplish reflections on tergites ( Figs 8, 9 , fig. 1 at page 19 in Iorio & Coulis 2019 ); antennae pale blue ( Fig. 9 ). Antennae of 17 (rarely 15–19) articles, 5–7 basal ones practically glabrous. Cephalic plate ( Figs 10, 13 , 22 , fig. 22 in Schileyko & Stagl 2004 ) with shortened anteriorly (as long as 1/2–2/3 of cephalic plate) paramedian sutures, their posterior ends crossed by transverse suture; basal plates well-developed. Forcipular coxosternite ( Figs 7 , 11, 14 , 23, 24, 29 ) with two complete (or slightly shortened posteriorly) longitudinal sutures which much converging anteriorly, meeting each other in a short semilunar suture plus complete (rarely somewhat shortened) transverse suture approximately at the level of condyles. Forcipular tooth-plate typically with 4 ( Figs 4, 7 , 11, 14 , 23 ) (occasionally / abnormally with 3, Fig. 15 ) teeth, lateral one clearly isolated; their basal sutures form very obtuse angle or practically straight line. Tergite 1 with complete paramedian sutures ( Fig. 13 ), tergite 21 in most cases with complete median suture ( Figs 12 , 21 and fig. 22 in Schileyko & Stagl 2004 ); number of laterally marginated posterior tergites ( Fig. 21 ) varies from 4 to 10, but often only tergite 21 has this margination complete and definite. Sternites 2–20 with complete paramedian sutures ( Fig. 16 ), presternites as paired triangles in sternites 1–20 ( Figs 6 , 15, 16 , 23 ). Coxopleuron without welldeveloped process, its rounded median corner with 0–2 small apical spines ( Figs 17, 18, 19 , 26 ); coxal pore-field oval, slightly longer than sternite 21. Ultimate legs “truly pincer-shaped” (sensu Schileyko, Vahtera & Edgecombe 2020 ; Figs 5 , 8, 9 , 17, 21 , 27 , 31 ; fig. 25 in Schileyko & Stagl 2004 ); prefemur ( Figs 12 , 17, 20, 21 , 25, 26, 27 , 31 ) with 0–4 spines ventrally and ventro-laterally, 0–5 ones medially and ventro-medially plus 1–3 dorso-medially (of these, 1 or 2 at the position of corner spine, Figs 5 , 12 , 21 , 25, 27 , 30 ). Prefemur ventro-medially with spineless area bordered by very low U-shaped ridge ( Figs 20 , 26 ); prefemur, femur and tibia apically with dorso-medial longitudinal depression or sulcus ( Figs 5 , 21 , 25 ); ventral surface of (at least) tarsus 1 swollen distally ( Figs 5 , 17 , 27 , fig. 25 in Schileyko & Stagl 2004 ); pretarsus enlarged, approximately twice as long as tarsus 2. FIGURES 2–7. Cormocephalus ( C. ) guildingii Newport, 1845 ; Holotype, OMNH MYRI-016-01 (photos by Darren J. Mann) 2 general view dorsally 3 head + LBS 1-4 dorsally 4 anterior half of forcipular coxosternite + tarsungulae ventrally 5 ultimate legs dorso-laterally; Cormocephalus impressus Porat, 1876 (= C. guildingii ); Holotype, GMNH 453 (photos by Charlotte Jonnson) 6 head + LBS 1-4 ventrally 7 head + LBS 1, ventrally. Composite description of Mexican specimens ( Figs 13, 14 , 16–21 ). Length of body 35–46.5 mm. Color in ethanol: the whole body and legs light yellow, tergites 10–19 may be indistinctly marginated by accumulations of the small granules of pale grey pigment. Antennae composed of 15–17 cylindrical articles, reaching the middle of tergite 3 when reflexed. 6 or 7 basal articles practically glabrous with scattered long setae and the subsequent articles densely covered by short setae. Cephalic plate: oval, convex anteriorly and relatively narrow (considerably narrower than tergite 1, Fig. 13 ); its posterior margin with rounded corners, covered by tergite 1. Anteriorly incomplete paramedian sutures visibly diverge forwards, nearly as long as 2/3 of the cephalic plate (or slightly shorter); their posterior ends are crossed by a transverse suture forming well-developed basal plates ( Fig. 13 ). Maxillae 2 with a well-developed dorsal brush. Pretarsus approximately as long as 1/4 length of article 3 of telopodite with a claw-shaped tip; accessory spines absent. Dorsal spur of telopodite article 2 not visible. FIGURES 8–14. Cormocephalus ( C. ) guildingii Newport, 1845 ; CIRAD live specimen (photos by Mathieu Coulis) 8 general view dorsally 9 general view dorsally + dorso-laterally; ATESB (photos by Karl Questel) 10 head + anterior half of LBS 1 dorso-laterally 11 head ventrally 12 LBS 21 + ultimate legs dorsally; EBCh ad. EBCh-CHI-0001 13 head + LBS 1-2 dorsally 14 head + LBS 1 ventrally. Forcipular coxosternite ( Fig. 14 ) with two complete longitudinal sutures, which much converging anteriorly and meet each other in a short semilunar suture, the latter encircling a minor coxosternal median diastema. Longitudinal sutures are crossed by a complete and branching transverse suture ( Fig. 14 ); chitin-lines absent. Tooth-plates slightly higher than wide (or, less often, as long as wide), definitely narrowing anteriorly. Tooth-plate with 4 teeth ( Fig. 14 ), the lateral tooth is the shortest one and is clearly isolated; two medial teeth are the longest ones and have a common base, being fused to a varying degree. A single minute seta in a small rounded depression directly under tooth margin. The basal sutures of the tooth-plates form a very obtuse angle ( Fig. 14 ) or a practically straight line. Process of the trochanteroprefemur with apical and two medial tubercles, considerably longer than the tooth-plate ( Fig. 14 ); this process is with a basal suture and a characteristic additional transverse suture just below the former. Tarsungulum of normal length, its interior surface with two sharp longitudinal ridges. Tergites: tergite 1 with complete (rarely shortened anteriorly) paramedian sutures ( Fig. 13 ) which are practically parallel or slightly converging anteriorly. Tergites 2–20 with complete paramedian sutures, other tergal sutures absent. Tergites 11–20 with nearly complete (= slightly shortened posteriorly) definite lateral margination ( Fig. 21 ), only tergite 21 is definitely and completely marginated. Tergite 21 ( Fig. 21 ) with complete median suture, considerably (1.5 times) wider than long and slightly broadened towards the posterior margin; the latter convex apically. FIGURES 15–21. Cormocephalus ( C. ) guildingii Newport, 1845 ; Sad. Rc 7690 15 head + LBS 1 ventrally; EBCh ad. EBCh-CHI-0001 16 head + LBS 1-4 ventrally; EBCh ad. EBCh-CHI-0002 17 LBS 20-21 + ultimate legs ventrally; EBCh ad. EBCh-CHI-0003 18 LBS 21 ventrally; EBCh ad. EBCh-CHI-0001 19 LBS 21 ventrally; EBCh ad. EBCh-CHI-0003 20 prefemora of ultimate legs ventrally 21 LBS 18-21 + ultimate legs dorsally. Sternites 2–20 with complete paramedian sutures. Sternite 21 ( Figs 17–19 ) with a poorly-developed longitudinal median depression in its anterior half, trapeziform (somewhat longer than wide (spm 1, 2) or vice versa (spm 3, 4) and distinctly narrowed towards the slightly concave (spm 1, 2) or practically straight (spm 3, 4) posterior margin. Presternites ( Figs 14 , 16 ) are well-developed as paired triangles in sternites 1–20. Spiracles small, the first pair triangular and the others praсtically round. The spiracle atrium is tightly closed by the two (upper and lower) cuticular folds, so the inner portion of the atrium is not visible; the third (median) fold is very strongly reduced. Legs: pretarsus of legs 1–20 with two well-developed accessory spines. Ultimate LBS: coxopleuron visibly longer than sternite 21, with a rounded median corner at the position of the coxopleural process ( Figs 17–19 ); coxopleural surface without setae. Coxal pores numerous, coxal pore-field oval, slightly longer than sternite 21; it does not reach closely to the lateral margin of the coxa and considerably less so to the caudal one. 0–2 small apical spines positioned at the rounded median corner of the coxopleuron and a small lateral spine ( Fig. 18 ) may be present at its posterior margin. Ultimate legs ( Figs 17, 21 ) “truly pincer-shaped” (sensu Schileyko, Vahtera & Edgecombe 2020 ), 6.9–8.3 mm long, much shortened and broadened (with prefemur ratio of length: width 1–1.4). Prefemur ( Fig. 20 ) with 0–4/5 ventral (including 0 or 1 ventro-lateral) spines, 0–5 medial + ventro-medial ones and 1–3 dorso-medial (including 1 or 2 ones at the position of the corner spine). Prefemur ventro-medially with a spineless area bordered by a low U-shaped ridge. Prefemur ( Fig. 21 ), femur and tibia distinctly flattened dorsally, ventral surface of tibia and tarsus 1 somewhat swollen distally. Distal end of prefemur, femur and tibia with a well-developed dorso-medial longitudinal depression which is approximately as long as 1/4 of length of the corresponding article ( Fig. 21 ). Pretarsus enlarged, twice as long as tarsus 2 but somewhat shorter than the tarsal articles taken together; ventral surface of pretarsus forms a sharp ridge, accessory spines absent. Variability. Right antenna of spm 1 has 13 articles ( Fig. 13 ) most probably having been regenerated. The specimens studied demonstrate considerable variation in spination of the coxopleuron. Spm 1 ( 46 mm long) lacks any coxopleural spines ( Fig. 19 ), in spm 2 (46.5 mm long) the right coxopleuron is also spineless whereas the left one has 1 apical spine only ( Fig. 17 ), in spm 3 ( 35 mm long) each coxopleuron is with 2 apical plus 1 lateral spine ( Fig. 18 ), in spm 4 ( 40 mm long) the right coxopleuron is with 2 apical plus 1 lateral spine and the left one with 1 apical plus 1 lateral one. The only other difference between these specimens is the number of spines of the ultimate prefemur: spm 1 has 2 distal dorso-medial plus 1 ventral spine, spm 2 has left leg with 2 distal dorso-medial and right leg with 1 distal dorso-medial plus 1 medial spine ( Fig. 17 ), spm 3 has left leg with 2 distal dorso-medial plus 7 ventral spines and right leg with 1 distal dorso-medial plus 5 ventral spines ( Fig. 20 ). Spm 4 has both these legs with 2 distal dorso-medial plus 5 ventral spines. Remarks on Mexican specimens. Studied specimens are typical representatives of this species but show considerable intraspecific variability of the spine numbers on the coxopleuron and ultimate prefemur. Thus the taxonomic weight of both these characters should be decreased in the species of the guildingii -subgroup. Composite description of Jamaican specimens (Rc 7687–7691, Figs 15 , 22–27 ) Length of body up to 37 mm . Color in ethanol: the whole body and legs light yellow. The whole body (head, forcipular segment, all tergites and sternites) is covered by numerous very short setae. Antennae composed of 16 or 17 cylindrical articles, practically reaching the posterior margin of tergite 2 when reflexed. 5 or 6 basal articles practically glabrous with scattered long setae and the subsequent articles densely covered by short setae. Cephalic plate ( Fig. 22 ): oval and relatively narrow (considerably narrower than tergite 1), its posterior margin with rounded corners, covered by tergite 1. Paramedian sutures visibly diverge forwards, approximately as long as 1/2 of cephalic plate (or slightly longer), their posterior ends are crossed by a transverse suture forming welldeveloped basal plates ( Fig. 22 ). Maxillae 2 with well-developed dorsal brush. Pretarsus approximately as long as 1/4 length of article 3 of telopodite ( Fig. 24 ) with claw-shaped tip; of two accessory spines the dorsal one is more slim and much adpressed to the pretarsus being very poorly recognizable. Telopodite article 2 with a clearly visible dorso-apical spur. Forcipular coxosternite ( Figs 15 , 23, 24 ) with two shortened posteriorly (sometimes slightly exceeding the mid-point of the coxosternite) longitudinal sutures, which much converging anteriorly and meet each other in a semilunar suture, the latter encircling a minor coxosternal median diastema. These longitudinal sutures are crossed by a practically complete, branching transverse suture; chitin-lines absent. Tooth-plates approximately as long as wide, definitely narrowing anteriorly. Tooth-plate ( Fig. 23 ) with 4 teeth (in sad. Rc 7690 occasionally/abnormally 3 teeth, Fig. 15 ), of these the lateral one is clearly isolated and visibly shorter than the medial teeth, the latter have a common base being fused to a variable degree (to practically fully fused in Rc 7687, Fig. 24 ). A single clearly visible seta occurs in a rounded depression directly under the tooth margin. The basal sutures of the tooth-plates form a practically straight line. Process of trochanteroprefemur ( Figs 15 , 23, 24 ) with one apical and one medial tubercle, considerably longer than the tooth-plate. This process with a basal suture and a characteristic additional transverse suture just below the former. Tarsungulum of normal length, its interior surface with two sharp longitudinal ridges Tergites: tergite 1 with complete paramedian sutures which slightly converging anteriorly ( Fig. 22 ). Tergites 2– 20 with complete paramedian sutures, other tergal sutures not visible. Tergites 10/13–20 with incomplete (somewhat shortened posteriorly) and more or less definite lateral margination, only tergite 21 definitely and completely marginated. Tergite 21 ( Fig. 25 ) without a median suture, an incomplete shallow median longitudinal sulcus (not suture) may be visible in the middle of this tergite (Rc 7687, 7688); tergite 21 considerably (approximately 1.5–2 times) wider than long and slightly broadened towards the posterior margin, the latter convex apically. Sternites 2–20 with complete paramedian sutures. Sternite 21 ( Fig. 26 ) with a very poorly-developed longitudinal median depression in the anterior half, trapeziform (approximately as long as wide) and distinctly narrowed towards the practically straight posterior margin. Presternites well-developed as paired triangles ( Figs 15 , 23 ) in sternites 1–20. Spiracles small, the first pair somewhat elongated and the others praсtically round. The spiracle atrium is tightly closed by the two (upper and lower) cuticular folds, the third (median) fold is very much reduced being practically invisible. Legs: pretarsus of legs 1–20 with two well-developed accessory spines. Ultimate LBS: coxopleuron ( Fig. 26 ) visibly longer than sternite 21, with a rounded median corner at the position of the coxopleural process; coxopleural surface without setae. Coxal pores numerous, of various sizes; coxal pore-field oval, slightly longer than sternite 21, it does not reach slightly to the lateral margin of the coxa and is considerably distant from the caudal one. Two small apical spines are positioned at the rounded median corner of the coxopleuron ( Fig. 26 ) plus a small spine at its posterior margin. Ultimate legs ( Figs 25, 26, 27 ) “truly pincer-shaped”, ca 8 mm long (when body ca 32 mm ), much shortened and broadened (with prefemur ratio of length: width 1–1.4). Prefemur with 5 longitudinal rows of very small spines: dorso-medial one of 3 spines, medial one of (1)2, ventro-medial of 2, ventral of 1–3 and ventro-lateral row of 2 spines. Two most apical dorso-medial spines (they have common base) form a kind of corner spine ( Fig. 25 ). Prefemur ventro-medially with a spineless area bordered by very low U-shaped ridge ( Fig. 26 ). Prefemur, femur and tibia definitely flattened dorsally, ventral surface of tarsus 1 and tarsus 2 somewhat swollen distally. Distal end of prefemur, femur and tibia with a shallow dorso-medial longitudinal depression which is as long as 1/3–1/4 of length of the corresponding article ( Fig. 25 ). Pretarsus enlarged and much elongated ( Fig. 27 ), on average nearly twice as long as the tarsal articles taken together; ventral surface of pretarsus forms a well-developed, very sharp ridge, accessory spines absent. Remarks on Jamaican specimens. Schileyko (2018: 72) considered C. bonaerius Attems, 1928 to be a junior synonym of C. guildingii basing, in particular, on re-investigation of Jamaican material; for data on the type series of C. bonaerius see Schileyko & Stagl (2004: 106) . Description of specimen from Hispaniola (1 sad. Rc 7074, Figs 28–31 ) Length ca . 25 mm ( Fig. 28 ). The whole body with well-developed small spines. 17 antennal articles, of these 6 or 7 basal ones with some long setae. Head with incomplete (somewhat shortened anteriorly) paramedian sutures. Forcipular coxosternite ( Fig. 29 ) with two complete typical and much converging anteriorly longitudinal sutures plus an incomplete transverse suture; right tooth plate broken, left one with 3 teeth (but the most medial one is apparently a result of regeneration of two original teeth). Tergite 1 with incomplete (somewhat shortened anteriorly) paramedian sutures, about 10 posterior tergites marginated laterally, tergite 21 without a median suture ( Fig. 30 ). Sternites 2–20 with complete paramedian sutures, sternite 21 trapeziform, nearly as long as wide, with a welldeveloped longitudinal median sulcus / depression in the posterior half, its posterior margin practically straight. Presternites are well-developed as paired triangles in sternites 1–20 (the largest ones in sternite 1), the presternites are better developed on midbody segments. All legs with two well-developed pretarsal accessory spines. FIGURES 22–29. Cormocephalus ( C. ) guildingii Newport, 1845 ; Ad. Rc 7687 22 head + LBS 1 dorsally; Ad. Rc 7689 23 head + LBS 1 ventrally; Ad. Rc 7687 24 head + LBS 1 ventrally; Sad. Rc 7691 25 LBS 21 + right ultimate leg dorsally and left ultimate leg dorso-medially; Ad. Rc 7687 26 LBS 21 + prefemora of ultimate legs ventrally; Ad. Rc 7689 27 LBS 21 dorsolaterally + right ultimate leg medially; Sad. Rc 7074 28 general view dorso-laterally 29 head + LBS 21 ventrally. Ultimate LBS: coxopleuron ( Fig. 31 ) with a very short and apically rounded process which has two apical spines, a single spine at the posterior coxopleural margin, the pore field slightly longer than sternite 21. Ultimate prefemur ( Fig. 31 ) with 2 ventro-lateral spines, 2 ventral, 2 ventro-medial, 2 medial and 3 dorso-medial ones (of these 2 at the position of the prefemoral corner spine); prefemur and femur apically with a short characteristic dorso-medial longitudinal depression, pretarsus much longer than tarsus 2 and slightly shorter than tarsal articles taken together. FIGURES 30–36. Cormocephalus ( C. ) guildingii Newport, 1845 ; Sad. Rc 7074 30 LBS 21 + left ultimate leg dorsally and right ultimate leg dorso-medially 31 LBS 21 + ultimate legs ventrally; Cormocephalus ( C. ) sp.; Sad Rc 7468 32 head + LBS 1 ventrally; Cormocephalus ( C. ) ungulatus ( Meinert, 1886 ) ; Sad. Rc 7155 33 head + LBS 1 ventrally 34 LBS 21 + ultimate prefemora and femora dorsally; Ad. Rc 6483 35 head + LBS 1 dorsally 36 forcipular segment ventrally. Remarks on specimen from Hispaniola. Schileyko (2018: 76) mentioned this specimen as “ Cormocephalus sp. ” noting that it “… is very similar to C. guildingii but has tergite 21 without median suture”; apart from this difference this subadult fits well in the expanded and improved new concept of C. guildingii . Range of C. guildingii (see also Chagas et al . 2014: 139) N America: W Mexico ; Antilles: from Cuba ( Kraepelin 1904: 251 ), Cayman Islands and Jamaica to Bonnaire Island near Curaçao ; Range of former C. impressus : Northern and North-Western regions of South America: Northern Venezuela (Caracas and Puerto Cabello), Ecuador , Western Colombia ( Quindío Department and Eastern Cordillera), Northern, Central and Southern Peru ( Fig. 1 ). Remarks on Range of C. guildingii Until recent years C. guildingii was known as an endemic to the Antilles ( Schileyko et al . 2018: 561 , Iorio & Coulis 2019: 18 ); this study confirms its occurrence in the Dominican Republic (Rc 7074 from San Cristóbal Province ). However, since the synonymy of C. impressus under C. guildingii is confirmed below, we have transferred all the records of that former species to C. guildingii . Also, the studied material from Western Mexico allowed to expand the distribution area of C. guildingii ( Fig. 1 ) to the most southern part of North America ( Cupul-Magaña 2009: 90 ). Kraepelin (1903: 181) mentioned a questionable specimen of Cupipes (= Cormocephalus ) impressus from Paraguay (without locality) and in 1904 recorded this species (p. 251) from they same country based on specimen(s) kept in MNHN. However, Paraguay lies outside the proven boundaries of the distribution of Cormocephalus guildingii which seems to be replaced in eastern and southern parts of Brazil by C. andinus . Bücherl (1939: 249) gave a very short description of C. bonaerius (= C. guildingii , see Schileyko 2018) mentioning it from “Guyanas” ( Guyana , Surinam and French Guiana) without any localities or specimen data, and in the faunistic paper of 1941 he mentioned (p. 299) C . ( C .) impressus var. neglectus (= C. impressus ) from the river Madeira in the Brazilian State Mato Grosso. However, at present there is no confirmed information (i.e. data on specific specimens + localities) on the occurrence of C. guildingii in these regions. Schileyko et al . (2018: 561) erroneously stated the type locality of C. guildingii as “Hispaniola Island, Greater Antilles”. Remarks on C. guildingii Until now this species had not been described in detail (and not illustrated adequately), except for the original description of Otostigma cormocephalinum Pocock, 1888 , Kraepelin’s (1903: 181) description of Cormocephalus impressus (both are synonyms of C. guildingii ) and the data of Schileyko (2018: 74–75, figs 28–31).