Morphological redescription and DNA barcoding of Linevitshia prima Makarchenko, 1987 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from Amur River basin (Russian Far East), with notes on systematics of the genus
Author
Makarchenko, Eugenyi A.
Author
Semenchenko, Alexander A.
text
Zootaxa
2014
3872
4
355
364
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.2
5a1fa559-622c-4512-9003-51946adcf232
1175-5326
227916
8B19A492-A820-4E19-9F33-2DA9E5AEDB76
Linevitshia prima
Makarchenko
(
Figs. 1–28
)
Linevitshia prima
Makarchenko, 1987
: 207
,
Fig. 1
;
Brundin 1989
: 27
, Fig. 4.3;
Saether
et al.
2000
: 134
, Fig. 144;
Ashe & Connor 2009
: 292
.
Linevitshia yezoensis
Endo
in
Endo, Makarchenko & Willassen, 2007
: 93
,
Figs 1–4, 7–13
;
Ashe & Connor 2009
: 292
.
Syn. nov.
New material examined.
Far East of
Russia
. Jewish Autonomous Region, Obluchie District:
2 males
,
1 pupa
,
2 larvae
, Fedotkin Spring of Bidzhan River basin (Amur River basin),
N 48º38'
409'',
E 131º37'
217'',
5.IV. 2014
, leg. E. Makarchenko;
8 males
, 6 pupal exuviae,
12 larvae
of fourth instar, the same data except Lopatinskyi Spring,
N 48º37'
810'',
E 131º39'
114'',
7.IV. 2014
, leg. E. Makarchenko. Kunashir Island (Kurile Islands),
3 larvae
, unnamed stream of Kipiashee Lake,
N 43°51'
521",
E 145°29'
530",
28.VII. 2013
, leg. D. Palatov.
Description.
A detailed description of the adult male based on specimens from
Japan
is given by
Endo
et al
. (2007)
but due to slight differences found, we present a complemented redescription on the basis of the material from the Amur River basin.
Adult male (n = 4, except when otherwise stated).
Total length:
3.8–4.3 mm
. Wing length
3.2–3.3 mm
. Total length/wing length 1.4–1.5. Coloration: body largely brown to dark brown; head and thorax grayish.
Head. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres and well-developed plume; ultimate flagellomere with 1–2 subapical setae 34–36 µm long. AR 1.10–1.25. Temporal setae: 0–1 weak and short inner verticals and 3–5 stronger postorbitals. Length of palpomeres 1–5 (µm): 40–48, 79–84, 146–152, 168–180, 240–272.
Thorax. Antepronotum with 2–3 dorsal and 8–14 lateral setae. Acrostichals 17–19, dorsocentrals 17–18, prealars 8–10, supralars 3, and scutellars 14–17. Posterior anepisternum II with 4–6 setae. Epimeron II with 8 setae. Wing. Width
0.56–0.80 mm
. Costa produced beyond R4+5 on 70–72 µm. Anal lobe developed, round. Brachiolum with 3–5 setae. R with 24–29 setae, R1 with 9–15 setae, R4+5 with 2–5 setae subapically. Alula with 4–6 setae. Squama with 25–31 setae.
FIGURES 1–7.
Linevitshia prima
Makarchenko
, male.
1,
hypopygium in dorsal view (Hokkaido, Japan);
2, 4,
gonostylus in various aspects (holotype, Frolovka River, Primorye Territory, Russia);
3, 5–7,
gonocoxite and gonostylus from Hokkaido, Japan (
3, 5
) and from Amur River basin, Russia (
6–7
). Scale bars: 50 µm.
FIGURES 8–11.
Linevitshia prima
Makarchenko
, pupa.
8,
frontal setae on frontal apotome;
9,
tergites III–IV;
10,
sternite VIII and anal segment in dorsal view, male;
11,
sternite VIII and anal segment in dorsal view, female. Scale bars: Fig. 8: 50 µm; Figs. 9–11: 200 µm.
Legs. Spurs of fore tibia 88–96 µm, of middle tibia 72–96 and 72–80 µm, of hind tibia 90–100 and 64–84 µm long.
Hind
tibial comb composed of 12–14 setae. Fore leg with 1 apical pseudospur on ta1; mid and hind legs with 2 apical pseudospurs on ta1 and ta2. Sensilla chaetica absent. ta4 cylindrical, ta5 slightly curved. Pulvilli small. Tip of claws serrate, with about 5 teeth. Lengths and proportions of legs as in
Table 1
.
Hypopygium (
Figs.1–7
,
24–25
). Tergite IX with 11–18 setae. Anal point absent. Laterosternite IX with 8–13 setae. Gonocoxite 240–256 Μm long. Sternapodeme broadly arched, 180–216 Μm long and 36 Μm wide. Phallapodeme 100–132 Μm long; aedeagal lobe large, forked distally. Gonostylus 112–124 Μm long; in distal part with long, strong setae and 1–2 apical megasetae 8–16 Μm long. HR 1.94–2.29.
Pupa. Specimens from the Amur River basin do not differ from those described from
Japan
(
Endo
et al
. 2007
).
Fourth instar larva (n
=
6).
Total length
6.4–7.1 mm
.
Coloration brownish; head capsule light yellow with postoccipital margin black and mandible dark brown or black in apical part; procercus light-yellow.
FIGURES 12–17.
Larva of
Protanypus
sp. (12) and
Linevitshia prima
Makarchenko
(13–17).
12, 13
—head, in ventral view;
14,
head, in dorsal view;
15,
apical part of head setae;
16,
branched head setae;
17,
labrum. Scale bars: Figs. 15: 20 µm; Figs. 16–17: 50 µm. Fig. 12 after Oliver & Roussel (1983).
Head capsule 560–576 µm long and 360–440 µm wide; postoccipital margin narrow. Some setae of head with divided apex (
Fig. 15
). Labral setae S I long, divided into 6–8 unequal sized branches. Lamellae consisted of a semicircular row of broad, overlapping scales apically serrate (Fig. 18). Premandible narrow, with 6 inner teeth (
Fig. 17
). Length of antennal segments (µm): 62–64, 17, 3–4, 8. Longest branch of antennal blade 267 µm long, shorter branch 217 µm long. AR 2.17–2.38. Mandible with apical tooth in 1.5–1.6 times longer of combined width of inner teeth; seta interna with 3 simple branches (Fig. 19). Mentum with 3 pairs of lateral teeth and wide dome-shaped median tooth; ventromental plate small (Figs. 20–21). Maxillary palp 2–2.5 times longer than wide, with 5 short setae in apical part and 4–5 short setae laterally, basally with ring organ. M appendage of prementohypopharyngeal complex with 2 median lamellae and 6–8 pairs of lateral lamellae (Figs. 22, 27). Abdominal setae short and thin, pale. Procercus 2–2.5 times longer than wide, bearing 5–6 apical setae.
FIGURES 18–23.
Linevitshia prima
Makarchenko
, larva.
18,
labral lamellae and S I;
19,
mandible;
20,
mentum of 4th instar larva;
21,
mentum of 3rd instar larva;
22,
M appendage of premento-hypopharyngeal complex;
23,
antenna. Scale bars: Figs. 18, 23: 20 µm; Figs. 19–22: 50 µm.
Taxonomic notes.
In the remarks to description of
Linevitshia yezoensis
we wrote that “males of
L. yezoensis
differ from
L. prima
in the shape of gonostylus and the sternapodeme.
L. yezoensis
has one apical megaseta whereas
L. prima
has three to four” (
Endo
et al.
2007
). Additional study of
L. prima
holotype
, Japanese material of
L. yezoensis
and the new material of
L. prima
from Amur River basin showed that shape of transverse sternapodeme of males from all populations are very similar or the same. In the
holotype
(freshly emerged male specimen), apical part of sternapodeme was not good visible. Shape of the hypopygial gonostylus from all populations are also very similar or the same and depends on its position on slides. Some males of
L. yezoensis
from Hokkaido have 2 megasetae on gonostylus (
Fig. 3
), whereas specimens of
L. prima
from Amur River basin have 1–2 megasetae (
Figs. 6–7
). All other features of adult males of known populations of
Linevitshia
completely overlap, justifying the presently proposed synonymization of
Linevitshia yezoensis
Endo
and
Linevitshia prima
Makarchenko.
FIGURES 24–28
.
Linevitshia prima
Makarchenko
, adult male (24–25), pupa (26) and larva (27–28).
24–25,
hypopygium in dorsal view from Amur River basin (24) and Hokkaido (25);
26,
abdomen of pupa in lateral view;
27,
mentum and of premento-hypopharyngeal complex;
28,
head in ventral view.
TABLE 1.
Lengths (in µm) and proportions of leg segments of
Linevitshia prima
Makarchenko
, male (n = 4).
| fe |
ti |
ta1 |
ta2 |
ta3 |
| P1 |
1168–1336 |
1376–1520 |
960–1069 |
451–518 |
301–351 |
| P2 |
1152–1269 |
1269–1403 |
560–618 |
304–359 |
217–251 |
| P3 |
1376–1503 |
1664–1787 |
832–935 |
464–534 |
272–301 |
continued.