Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico
Author
Bousquet, Yves
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
bousquety1@yahoo.com
text
ZooKeys
2012
2012-11-28
245
1
1722
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.245.3416
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.245.3416
1313-2970-245-1
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Genus
Apenes LeConte, 1851
Sphenopalpus
Blanchard, 1842: plate1 [
nomen oblitum
, see Ball and Shpeley (2009: 95)]. Type species:
Sphenopalpus parallelus
Blanchard, 1842 (=
Cymindis aenea
Dejean, 1831) by monotypy. Etymology. From the Greek
sphenos
(wedge) and the Latin
palpus
(feeler, by extension palp), alluding to the shape of the last maxillary and labial palpomeres ("
palpes cylindriques, ayant leur dernier article ovalaire
termine
en pointe
," see Blanchard 1853: 32) of the adult [masculine]. Note. Since Chaudoir (1875: 38) listed
Sphenopalpus parallelus
Blanchard as a junior synonym of
Apenes aenea
(Dejean),
Sphenopalpus
has been considered a junior synonym of
Apenes
on the account that it was made available with the publication of the text in 1853. However, the name was first made available by the publication of the plate in 1842 (see Emberson 1992).
Apenes
LeConte, 1851: 174 [
nomen protectum
]. Type species:
Cymindis lucidula
Dejean, 1831 designated by Lacordaire (1854: 110). Synonymy established by Chaudoir (1875: 38). Etymology. From the Greek
apenes
(rough, harsh, cruel, ferocious) [feminine]. Note.
Apenes
have been treated as masculine (e.g., Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 269-270; Lorenz 2005: 464-465) or feminine (e.g., Lindroth 1969a: 1087-1088; Ball and Shpeley 1992b). It comes from a transliteration of the Greek adjective
Aπηνής
,
ές
and so could be masculine or feminine. In such case, the name is to be treated as masculine unless its author, when establishing the name, stated that it is feminine or treated it as feminine in combination with an adjectival species-group name (ICZN 1999: Article 30.1.4.2). LeConte (1851) did not specify the gender but described the species "
Apenes opaca
", so treating the generic name
Apenes
as feminine. As such
Apenes
is feminine.
Sphenopselaphus
Gemminger and Harold, 1868a: 299. Unjustified emendation of
Sphenopalpus
Blanchard, 1842.
Diversity.
Seventy-five species in the Western Hemisphere arrayed in two subgenera:
Apenes
s.str. (67 species) and
Didymochaeta
Chaudoir (eight Neotropical species).