Revision of Palearctic Trissolcus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) Author Talamas, Elijah J. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA / ARS c / o NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA talamas.1@osu.edu Author Buffington, Matthew L. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA / ARS c / o NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA Author Hoelmer, Kim Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, USDA / ARS, Newark DE, USA text Journal of Hymenoptera Research 2017 2017-06-21 56 3 185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.56.10158 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.56.10158 1314-2607-56-3 C3D00EFBD19C4F8695FFC9D01780A9A1 FFBAFFB3FFEFFFAFFF9FFF87FFD81245 1138671 Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) Figures 20-23 Trissolcus africanus (Fouts) syn. n.; http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/3175; Morphbank4; Lectotype designation. We here designate syntype specimen MCSN 0015 (deposited in MCSN) as the lectotype of Trissolcus africanus (Fouts). Trissolcus lodosi ( Szabo ) syn. n.; http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/3259; Morphbank5 Trissolcus sulmo (Nixon) syn. n.; http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/3315; Morphbank6; Lectotype designation. We here designate syntype specimen B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.318 (deposited in BMNH) as the lectotype of Trissolcus sulmo (Nixon). Telenomus Maderensis Wollaston, 1858: 25 (original description, synonymized by Nixon (1935) ). Telenomus basalis Wollaston, 1858: 25 (original description); Kieffer, 1926: 39 (description). Telenomus megacephalus Ashmead, 1894: 203, 212 (original description, synonymized by Nixon (1935) ); Ashmead, 1896: 790 (keyed); Ashmead, 1900: 326 (distribution); Nixon, 1935: 100 (junior synonym of Microphanurus basalis (Wollaston)); Talamas, Johnson & Buffington, 2015: 64 (type information). Telenomus megalocephalus Schulz: Schulz, 1906: 152 (emendation). Telenomus piceipes Dodd, 1920: 354 (original description, synonymized by Nixon (1935) ); Nixon, 1935: 100 (junior synonym of Microphanurus basalis (Wollaston)). Liophanurus megacephalus (Ashmead): Kieffer, 1926: 65, 76 (description, generic transfer, keyed). Telenomus maderensis Wollaston: Kieffer, 1926: 39 (description); Nixon, 1935: 100 (junior synonym of Microphanurus basalis (Wollaston)). Microphanurus africanus Fouts, 1934: 105, 106 (original description, keyed). Microphanurus basalis (Wollaston): Nixon, 1935: 96, 100 (description, generic transfer, synonymy, keyed); Nixon, 1943: 138 (keyed); Risbec, 1950: 570, 571 (variation, keyed). Microphanurus sulmo Nixon, 1938: 123, 126 (original description, keyed); Nixon, 1943: 138 (keyed); Risbec, 1950: 569 (keyed). Asolcus basalis (Wollaston): Delucchi, 1961: 44, 57 (description, keyed); Voegele , 1962: 155 (variation, diagnosis); Voegele , 1964: 28 (keyed); Voegele , 1965: 96, 108 (variation, diagnosis, keyed); Voegele , 1969: 151 (keyed). Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston): Masner, 1965: 125 (type information, generic transfer); Safavi, 1968: 415 (keyed); Fabritius, 1972: 31 (keyed); Kozlov & Le , 1977: 516 (keyed); Kozlov, 1978: 637 (description); Kozlov & Kononova, 1983: 121 (description); Graham, 1984: 100 (variation); Johnson, 1985b: 432, 434 (description, keyed); Johnson, 1991: 212, 213, 214, 216 (diagnosis, keyed); Ghahari, Buhl & Kocak, 2011: 594 (listed); Mao, Valerio, Austin, Dowton & Johnson, 2012: 194 (presentation of mitochondrial genome, phylogenetic position); Fusu, Bin & Popovici, 2013: 263 (description of chromosomes); Kononova, 2014: 1425 (keyed); Talamas, Johnson & Buffington, 2015: 60, 61 (diagnosis, keyed, lectotype designation); Kononova, 2015: 263 (keyed). Trissolcus maderensis (Wollaston): Masner, 1965: 126 (type information, generic transfer). Trissolcus piceipes (Dodd): Masner, 1965: 127 (type information, generic transfer). Trissolcus sulmo (Nixon) syn. n.: Masner, 1965: 128 (type information, generic transfer); Johnson, 1992: 638 (cataloged, type information). Asolcus sulmo (Nixon): Voegele , 1969: 151 (keyed). Trissolcus megacephalus (Ashmead): Johnson, 1983: 448 (type information). Trissolcus africanus (Fouts) syn. n.: Bin, 1974: 463 (generic transfer, type information); Masner, 1976: 76 (systematic position). Asolcus lodosi Szabo , 1981: 197 (original description). Trissolcus lodosi ( Szabo ) syn. n.: Kononova, 2014: 1425 (keyed); Kononova, 2015: 262 (keyed). Description. Female body length: 1.07-1.28 mm (n=20). Male body length: 0.91-1.24 mm (n=11). Body color: head, mesosoma, and metasoma black. Figures 20-23. T. basalis , female lectotype (B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.304) 20 head, mesosoma, metasoma, lateral view 21 head, mesosoma, metasoma, dorsal view 22 head and mesosoma, anterolateral view 23 head, anterior view. Scale bars in millimeters. Head. Color of radicle: black; brown; dark brown. Length of radicle: equal to or greater than width of clypeus. Color of A1-A6 in female: yellow, becoming brown distally. Color of A7-A11 in female: dark brown to black. Number of basiconic sensilla on A6: 0. Number of basiconic sensilla on A7: 2. Facial striae: absent. Number of clypeal setae: 6. Microsculpture on gena directly above mandibular condyle: present. Shape of ventral gena in lateral view: bulging. Genal carina: absent. Malar striae: absent. Sculpture of malar sulcus: smooth. Orbital furrow: uniform in width between midpoint of eye and malar sulcus. Macrosculpture of frons between antennal scrobe and anterior ocellus: absent. Preocellar pit: present. Setation of lateral frons: moderately dense. Punctation of lateral frons: absent. Sculpture directly ventral to preocellar pit: microsculptured. Macrosculpture of lateral frons: absent; weakly horizontally striate, striae of antennal scrobe extending to lateral frons. OOL: separated by less than one ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Macrosculpture of posterior vertex: absent. Microsculpture on posterior vertex along occipital carina: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: finely crenulate to smooth. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present. Macrosculpture of lateral pronotum directly anterior to netrion: faintly striate. Netrion sulcus: incomplete. Pronotal suprahumeral sulcus in posterior half of pronotum: undifferentiated from sculpture of dorsal pronotum. Number of episternal foveae: 2; 1. Course of episternal foveae ventrally: distinctly separate from postacetabular sulcus. Course of episternal foveae dorsally: distinctly separate from mesopleural pit. Subacropleural sulcus: present. Speculum: transversely strigose. Mesopleural pit: simple. Mesopleural carina: absent; well defined anteriorly, poorly defined to absent posteriorly. Sculpture of femoral depression: smooth. Patch of striae at posteroventral end of femoral depression: present, striae perpendicular to long axis of femoral depression. Setal patch at posteroventral end of femoral depression: present. Microsculpture of anteroventral mesopleuron: present dorsally. Macrosculpture of anteroventral mesopleuron: absent. Postacetabular sulcus: formed by small punctures; present as a smooth furrow. Mesopleural epicoxal sulcus: present as a smooth furrow. Mesofurcal pit: absent. Setation of posteroventral metapleuron: absent. Sculpture of dorsal metapleural area: mostly smooth with faint rugulae radiating from metapleural pit. Posterodorsal metapleural sulcus: present as line of foveae. Paracoxal sulcus in ventral half of metapleuron: indistinguishable from sculpture to absent. Anteroventral extension of metapleuron: extending to base of mesocoxa. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: absent or indistinguishable from sculpture; present as coarse rugae. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as a simple furrow. Median mesoscutal carina: absent. Macrosculpture of mesoscutum: reticulate anteriorly, becoming longitudinally strigose posteriorly. Pattern of mesoscutal microsculpture: uniform throughout. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: comprised of cells. Length of mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: about half the length of anterolateral edge of mesoscutum. Parapsidal line: absent. Notaulus: absent. Median protuberance on anterior margin of mesoscutellum: absent. Shape of dorsal margin of anterior lobe of axillar crescent: round. Sculpture of anterior lobe of axillar crescent: dorsoventrally strigose. Posterodorsal margin of axillular carina: round. Area bounded by axillar crescent: smooth. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: absent. Microsculpture on mesoscutellum: present throughout. Median mesoscutellar carina: absent. Setation of posterior scutellar sulcus: present. Form of metascutellum: multiple rows of cells. Metanotal trough: foveate, foveae occupying more than half of metanotal height. Metapostnotum: invaginated near lateral edge of metascutellum. Length of postmarginal vein: about twice as long as stigmal vein. Color of legs: coxae dark brown to black, elsewhere yellow. Anteromedial portion of metasomal depression: punctate or crenulate. Longitudinal striae on T1 posterior to basal costae: present. Number of sublateral setae (on one side): 1. Setation of laterotergite 1: absent. Longitudinal striation of T2: present throughout anterior half of tergite. Setation of T2: present in a transverse line posteriorly. Setation of laterotergite 2: present. Diagnosis. Among Palearctic species of Trissolcus , T. basalis is most similar to T. semistriatus with which it shares episternal foveae that are distant from both the postacetabular sulcus and the mesopleural pit and an absence of coarse macrosculpture on the mesoscutum and mesoscutellum. The best feature for separating these species is the netrion sulcus, which is dorsally complete in T. semistriatus (Figures 170 , 171 ) and dorsally undefined in T. basalis (Figure 22 ). The postacetabular sulcus in T. basalis is typically indicated by small and poorly defined cells, sometimes appearing as a smooth furrow. In T. semistriatus the cells of the postacetabular sulcus are distinct and regularly spaced. The mesoscutal humeral sulcus in T. basalis is always present as a smooth furrow whereas in T. semistriatus it is nearly always comprised of distinct cells. Trissolcus basalis is also similar to T. elasmuchae , from which it can be separated by the absence of a well-defined paracoxal sulcus in the ventral half of the metapleuron, and by the form of the episternal foveae, which in T. elasmuchae from a more or less continuous line from the postacetabular sulcus to the mesopleural pit. Link to distribution map. http://hol.osu.edu/map-large.html?id=3189 Material examined. Lectotype , female, T. basalis : PORTUGAL : Madeira Reg. Auto ., Madeira Island , VII-1855 , Wollaston, B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.304 (deposited in BMNH) . Lectotype , female, Microphanurus africanus : SOMALIA : Shabeellaha Dhexe Reg., Giohar ( Villaggio Duca degli Abruzzi ), 1.III.1926 , Paoli, MCSN 0015 (deposited in MCSN) . Holotype , female, T. megacephalus : SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES : Saint Vincent Island , no date, H. H. Smith , USNM Type No. 2525 (deposited in USNM) . Lectotype , female, M. sulmo : SRI LANKA : Central Prov. , Nuwara Eliya Dist. , Talawakele (Talawakelle), 1932, C. B. R. King , B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.318 (deposited in BMNH) . Paratype , female, Asolcus lodosi : TURKEY : 1 female , Hym.Typ.No. 1886, Mus . Budapest (HNHM) . Other material : ( 189 females , 53 males , 54 unknowns) AUSTRALIA : 22 females , 4 males , USNMENT00872088-00872090, 00903007, 00954542-00954563 (USNM). BERMUDA : 10 unsexed, USNMENT00989422-00989423, 00989425, 00989427-00989431, 00989457-00989458 (USNM) . CUBA : 6 unsexed, USNMENT00989407-00989412 (USNM). CYPRUS : 3 females , 1 male , USNMENT00916553, 00916555, 00916580, 00916582 (BMNH). DOMINICA : 1 unsexed, USNMENT00989459 (USNM) . DOMINICAN REPUBLIC : 9 unsexed, USNMENT00989413-00989421 (USNM). EGYPT : 2 females , 2 unsexed, USNMENT00872006-00872009 (USNM). FRANCE : 9 females , USNMENT00896055-00896060, 00896070-00896071, 00896296 (CNCI). HUNGARY : 1 male , USNMENT00916996 (BMNH). ISRAEL : 1 female , UCRC ENT 296979 (UCRC). ITALY : 1 female , USNMENT00916293 (BMNH). JORDAN : 4 females , USNMENT00916495-00916498 (BMNH). MALAYSIA : 1 female , 1 male , USNMENT00916371, 00916372 (BMNH). MONTENEGRO : 1 female , USNMENT00896249 (CNCI). MONTSERRAT : 16 females , 2 males , USNMENT00954513-00954530 (USNM). MOROCCO : 1 female , 1 male , USNMENT00896088, 00896109 (CNCI). PORTUGAL : 21 females , 6 males , USNMENT00916186, 00916188, 00916196-00916200, 00916204, 00916207-00916209, 00916214, 00916219, 00916221, 00916224-00916225, 00916228-00916233, 00916239, 00916242-00916245 (BMNH). SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES : 13 unsexed, USNMENT00989432-00989434, 00989440-00989449 (USNM) . SPAIN : 2 males , USNMENT00916183-00916184 (BMNH). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO : 10 unsexed, USNMENT00764950-00764951, 00989450-00989456, 00989461 (USNM) . TURKEY : 2 females , 1 male , OSUC 17739, 17742, USNMENT00916024 (BMNH). UNITED STATES : 105 females , 35 males , 2 unsexed, OSUC131149-131186, 154353, 7339 (OSUC); USNMENT00872103-00872109, 00954022-00954023, 00954393, 00954436-00954437, 00954443-00954452, 00954454-00954469, 00954480-00954512, 00954531-00954541, 00954564-00954570, 01109065-01109069, 01109071-01109074, 01109077, 01109079, 01109088-01109089 (USNM). VENEZUELA : 1 unsexed, USNMENT00989460 (USNM) .