Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa Author Filander, Zoleka Author Griffiths, Charles text Zootaxa 2017 4296 1 1 72 journal article 32399 10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1 ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5 1175-5326 843325 EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC Clypeaster rarispinus de Meijere, 1903 Fig. 58 A–D. Clypeaster audouini : H.L. Clark, 1923 : 392 ; H.L. Clark, 1924 : 9 –10; H.L. Clark, 1925a : 148 . Clypeaster ( Leptoclypus ) rarispinus : Mortensen, 1948d : 58 –62. Pl. VI, Figs 1–15 . Pl. XL, Figs 4–9 . Pl. LXIV, Figs 11–12 , 14– 17 , 20 . Clypeaster rarispinus : Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976 : 241 ; Schultz, 2009 : 550 , Figs 938–934. Material examined. MBC-A023307; MBC-A077888; A23718; MBC-A077889; MBC-A077892; MBC- A077890; A23716 ; MBC-A077891. Identification. Differs from Clypeaster species in the region in test being pentagonal, longer than wide, concave sides, posterior side convex, margin sometimes thickened; petaloid area slightly raised, petals opened; zigzag bands along food grooves. Live animal yellowish-green, oral bands along food grooves darker. Global maximum size. Maximum test length 190 m . Global distribution. Red Sea to East coast region of South Africa , from the Persian Gulf over the Indian Ocean to Malayan Archipelago ( Schultz 2009 ); from littoral to 369 m Remarks. Samples from the Iziko Museum collection demonstrate a 100 m increase from previously known maximum depth of 269 m . Differs from C. fervens in having narrow, distally opened petal.