Genus-level revision of the Alycaeidae (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea), with an annotated species catalogue
Author
Pall-Gergely, Barna
Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Otto ut 15, Budapest, H- 1022, Hungary
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6167-7221
pallgergely2@gmail.com
Author
Sajan, Sheikh
Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India & Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun 248 002, Uttarakhand, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2785-6824
Author
Tripathy, Basudev
Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
Author
Meng, Kaibaryer
National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Author
Asami, Takahiro
Department of Biology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390 - 8621, Japan
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5706-0272
Author
Ablett, Jonathan D.
Mollusca Section, Invertebrates Division, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museums, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom
text
ZooKeys
2020
981
1
220
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.981.53583
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.981.53583
1313-2970-981-1
5194AAC86B8A473F8A41470A60182A0B
7C44C797C4125A71BAE032A55E6FA5DC
Genus
Chamalycaeus
Moellendorff
, 1897
Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus)
Moellendorff
, 1897b: 93.
Chamalycaeus
-
Kobelt and
Moellendorff
1897
: 148;
Pall-Gergely
et al. 2017
: 5-7.
Chamalycaeus (Chamalycaeus)
-
Thiele 1929
: 107-108; Wenz 1938: 477-478;
Egorov 2013
: 35.
Type species.
Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) fruhstorferi
(Fig.
6B
) by monotypy, see also Remarks.
Diagnosis.
Shell very small to medium sized (D: 2-5 mm), usually flattened, discoid or low triangular, protoconch smooth (or very finely pitted), elevated even if the spire is low; R1 usually roughly reticulated due to spiral striation and radial ribs (sometimes prominent); R2 from short to very long, with widely spaced, sharp, elevated ribs; R3 normally developed. Operculum usually thin, without notable outer structures. Radula is known for a single species (central tooth with five cusps, broad, central cusp pointed).
Differential diagnosis.
See under
Alycaeus
and Table
3
.
Metalycaeus
species are identical, with the exception of the spirally striated protoconch.
Distribution.
Chamalycaeus
is distributed from the southeastern Himalaya Region, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, and the Philippine Palawan Island (Fig.
9
).
Figure 9.
Distribution of
Chamalycaeus
Moellendorff
, 1897 (dark shaded area) and
Metalycaeus
Pilsbry, 1900 (light shaded area).
Remarks.
Kobelt and
Moellendorff
(1897)
listed the species of
"Pneumonopoma"
, which included all members of the genus
Alycaeus
. They introduced "Subgenus
Chamalycaeus
n." (
Kobelt and
Moellendorff
1897
: 148), indicating it as a new subgenus, and included 44 species within their new group. The subgenus
Chamalycaeus
, however, was previously mentioned in another paper in the same volume of the Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, in which
Moellendorff
(1897b
: 93) described
Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) fruhstorferi
.
Moellendorff's
(1897b)
paper was published in July-August, whereas that of
Kobelt and
Moellendorff
(1897)
was published in September-October. Accordingly, the genus
Chamalycaeus
was described by
Moellendorff
(1897) and its type species is
Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) fruhstorferi
by monotypy. On the other hand,
Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) fruhstorferi
was not listed in
Kobelt's
and
Moellendorff's
(1897) paper, which indicates that they aimed to describe
A. fruhstorferi
after their revision of
Alycaeus
. Moreover,
Kobelt's
(1902)
monograph referred to
Chamalycaeus
as it was introduced by
Kobelt and
Moellendorff
(1897)
. Almost all subsequent treatments erroneously attributed the name
Chamalycaeus
to Kobelt &
Moellendorff
, 1897 (
Kobelt 1902
;
Gude 1921
;
Yen 1939
;
Zilch 1957
;
Azuma 1980
;
Minato 1982b
,
1987a
,
2005
;
Minato and Yano 1988
;
Egorov 2005
;
Zhang et al. 2008
) and referred to
Alycaeus andamaniae
Benson, 1861 as the type species as subsequent designated by
Gude (1921)
. The ICZN Code 70.2 states the following: "If it is found that an earlier type species fixation has been overlooked, the overlooked fixation is to be accepted and any later fixations are invalid. If this is considered to cause instability or confusion the case is to be referred to the Commission for a ruling". Therefore, we must examine whether the correction of the type fixation would cause instability. In our view, confusion or instability would be caused only if the majority of authors who have described species within
Chamalycaeus
were unaware of the shell morphology of
Alycaeus andamaniae
(incorrectly selected as the type species for
Chamalycaeus
). No detailed description of
Alycaeus andamaniae
has ever been published, and our revision suggests that most authors who described
Chamalycaeus
species did not examine samples of
Alycaeus andamaniae
. Thus, we find no reason to present this issue to the Commission. Instead, we follow
Egorov (2013)
in accepting
Moellendorff
(1897b)
as the author of
Chamalycaeus
. Thus, in accordance with Art. 70.2 of the Code we clarify that
Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) fruhstorferi
is the type species of
Chamalycaeus
Moellendorff
, 1897 by monotypy.