Notes on plant bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae) from Madagascar with a description of new species of the cylapine tribe Fulviini and checklist of Madagascan mirids Author Masłowski, Adrian 0000-0002-4273-8244 University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40 - 007 Katowice, Poland & adrian. maslowski @ us. edu. pl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4273 - 8244 adrian.maslowski@us.edu.pl Author Baňař, Petr 0000-0003-0931-1836 Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Zemědělská 1, Brno, CZ- 613 00, Czech Republic. petrbanar @ seznam. cz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0931 - 1836 petrbanar@seznam.cz Author Carapezza, Attilio University of Palermo; corresponding address: Via Sandro Botticelli, 15, I- 90144 Palermo, Italy; attilio. carapezza @ unipa. it Author Chérot, Frédéric 0000-0001-7918-7012 Département de l’Etude du Milieu Naturel et Agricole, Service Public de Wallonie, Gembloux, BE- 5030, Belgium. frederic. cherot @ spw. wallonie. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7918 - 7012 frederic.cherot@spw.wallonie.be Author Jindra, Zdeněk Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture, CZ- 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic. palomena @ seznam. cz Author Taszakowski, Artur 0000-0002-0885-353X University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40 - 007 Katowice, Poland & artur. taszakowski @ us. edu. pl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0885 - 353 X artur.taszakowski@us.edu.pl Author Wolski, Andrzej University of Opole, Institute of Biology, Oleska 22, 45 - 052 Opole, Poland. text Zootaxa 2023 2023-08-14 5330 1 73 92 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5330.1.3 journal article 54382 10.11646/zootaxa.5330.1.3 c3c6ede2-fef9-4e1b-8bd1-d8dd0715d2fc 1175-5326 8249102 D9311153-69E4-4688-8409-08511EFE09CA Genus: Schmitzofulvius Gorczyca, 1998 Schmitzofulvius Gorczyca 1998a: 8 (new genus), 1999: 2, 11 (diagnosis, key to species), 2000: 153 (diagnosis, redescription). Type species: Schmitzofulvius bigibber Gorczyca, 1998 (original designation). Diagnosis. Recognized by the following set of characters: dorsum mostly rugose ( Fig. 4 ), covered with needle-like, short setae; head long and relatively thin ( Figs 4A–F ); eye well removed from pronotal collar ( Figs 4A–F ); head with transverse depression behind eyes and with moderately developed longitudinal sulcus between eyes both forming T-shaped furrow ( Fig. 4D ); pronotum subquadrate, strongly carinate laterally ( Figs 4A–C ); calli distinctly upraised, cone-like, sharply pointed ( Figs 4A–C ); scent gland evaporative areas of metepisternum highly reduced, restricted to posteroventral angle of metepisternum; hemelytron somewhat narrowed basally ( Fig. 4C ); pretarsal claw without subapical tooth. Redescription. Male . Macropterous. COLORATION. Body brownish to dark brown nearly black with welldeveloped yellowish areas; middle of endocorium with yellow, relatively large patch ( Figs 4A, C ). TEXTURE AND VESTITURE . Dorsum clothed with short, needle-like, semirecumbent setae. Head . Rugose, partly smooth, covered with moderately dense setae; antenna covered with relatively dense, short, recumbent setae, antennomeres I and II narrowly glabrous basally. Thorax . Pronotum . Rugose; calli covered with vestiture denser than on remainder of pronotum. Mesoscutum and scutellum . Rugose, covered with sparse setae ( Figs 4B, F ). Thoracic pleura . Almost glabrous, covered with several short, fine, needle-like setae, propleuron rugose, remaining pleura shining. Hemelytron . Covered with moderately dense, uniformly distributed setae. Legs . Covered with moderately dense, regularly distributed short, semirecumbent setae. Abdomen . Sparsely covered with fine, short vestiture. STRUCTURE . Body subelongate ( Fig. 4C ). Head . Strongly porrect, triangular in dorsal view ( Figs 4C, E ); vertex not carinate posteriorly, with weak transverse depression behind eyes and with moderately developed longitudinal sulcus between eyes both forming T-shaped furrow ( Fig. 4F ); eyes small, well removed from pronotal collar, barely reaching gula laterally ( Fig. 4D ); antennal insertion weakly removed from eye, bordering sulcus between maxillary and mandibular plates ( Figs 4D ); mandibular plates without sulcus posteriorly; clypeal base placed above antennal insertions ( Fig. 4D ); antenna short, not reaching beyond middle of body ( Fig. 4C ); antennomere I nearly cylindrical, weakly narrowed basally ( Figs 4A–C ); antennomere II broadened toward apex ( Fig. 4C ); antennomeres III and IV thin, cylindrical; labium thin, relatively long, reaching metacoxae; segment I subdivided, weakly reaching beyond middle of gula ( Figs 4A, B ). Thorax . Pronotum . Subquadrate, strongly carinate laterally ( Figs 4A–C ); collar flat, weakly separated from remainder of pronotum ( Figs 4D, E ); anterior lobe ~ 2.0 times as long as posterior lobe and somewhat narrower than it, anterior lobe lateral margin moderately arcuate ( Fig. 4C ); calli distinctly upraised, cone-like, sharply pointed ( Figs 4A–C, F ); humeral angle relatively narrow and long ( Fig. 4C ); posterior margin concave ( Fig. 4C ). Mesoscutum and scutellum . Weakly convex. Thoracic pleura . Scent gland evaporative areas of metepisternum highly reduced, restricted to posteroventral angle of metepisternum. Hemelytron . Narrowed and almost parallel-sided on basal one sixth, remainder of hemelytron moderately broadened, with lateral margins moderately arcuate ( Fig. 4C ); lateral margin of basal, narrowed portion of hemelytron with several small tuberculate structures: hemelytral veins weakly convex; membrane fully developed ( Gorczyca 2000 : fig. 45, 46). Legs . Relatively long; tarsus two segmented, tarsomere II not subdivided; pretarsal claw without subapical tooth. Female . Mostly similar to male. Hemelytral membrane distinctly reduced, hemelytra with different degree of development, from fully submacropterous with posterior segments of abdomen well exposed ( Fig. 4C ) to hemelytra reaching apex of abdomen. Remarks . Our generic redescription is a composite of the Gorczyca’s (1998a , 2000 ) descriptions of the genus that were based solely on the male specimens and the results of our observations of four female specimens of S. bigibber . The above redescription shows the sexually dimorphic hemelytra with the males being macropterous and the females submacropterous. Further study, including female specimens of S. niger Gorczyca, 1988 , will clarify whether the differences are characteristic of the genus, or they are found only in S. bigibber . Gorczyca (1998a , 1999 ) hypothesized the close affinity of Schmitzofulvius with Euchilofulvius Poppius, 1909 based on the embolium narrowed basally ( Fig. 4C ) (Gorczyca 1998: fig. 1), the pale patches on the hemelytra: one in the middle of corium and other above cuneus, the small tubercles on embolium ( Fig. 4C )( Gorczyca 1998a : fig. 1; Wolski & Gorczyca 2014 ), and the similar shape of the parameres ( Gorczyca 1998a : figs. 5, 6; Gorczyca 1998b : figs 2–7). Additionally, both genera have short labial segment I weakly reaching beyond the middle of the gula ( Figs 4A, B ) ( Yasunaga et al. 2015 : fig. 1C) and the relatively long pronotum ( Fig. 4C )( Yasunaga & Miyamoto 2006 : fig. 5D). Schmitzofulvius differs from Euchilofulvius in having the eyes distinctly removed from the pronotal collar ( Figs 4A–E ) whereas in Euchilofulvius the eye is only weakly removed from the pronotal collar ( Yasunaga & Miyamoto 2006 : fig. 5D). The calli in Schmitzofulvius are strongly upraised, conical and sharply pointed occupying most of the pronotum ( Figs 4A, B, F ) whereas in Euchilofulvius they are moderately upraised, not sharply pointed, occupying at most anterior one-third of pronotum ( Gorczyca 1999 : fig. 1; Yasunaga & Miyamoto 2006 : fig. 5D). Both genera can also be easily distinguished by the dorsal texture and vestiture. In Schmitzofulvius , the dorsum and thoracic pleura are mostly rugose, covered with needle-like setae, whereas in Euchilofulvius , the dorsal surface and thoracic pleura are verrucose with vestiture consisting of scale-like setae distinctly broadened toward the apex ( Wolski & Gorczyca 2014 : figs 29, 32). Wolski & Gorczyca (2014) paid attention to the close similarity between Euchilofulvius and Peritropisca Carvalho & Lorenzato, 1978 indicating that both taxa share T-shaped, shallow depression on vertex composed of longitudinal, medial groove and transverse concaved region situated near posterior margin of vertex ( Wolski & Gorczyca 2014 : figs 23–26). A similar structure is also found in Schmitzofulvius ( Fig. 4D ). Another trait that might indicate the close affinity of these genera is the size of the metathoracic scent gland evaporative area, which is apparently absent in Euchilofulvius ( Wolski & Gorczyca 2014 : fig. 32) or reduced to the posterior angle of metepisternum in Schmitzofulvius and Peritropisca ( Wolski & Gorczyca 2014 : fig. 33; Namyatova & Cassis 2022 : fig. 8E). They also share the similar shape of the right paramere with apical process short and acute and robust paramere body ( Gorczyca 1998a : fig, 1998b: figs 2, 4, 6; Wolski & Gorczyca 2014 : figs 16, 22). Schmitzofulvius and Peritropisca , unlike Euchilofulvius , have upraised, conical and pointed calli ( Figs 4A, B, F ; Wolski & Gorczyca 2014 : figs 1–4; Namyatova & Cassis 2022 : figs 8A–C). Peritropisca differs from Schmitzofulvius and Euchilofulvius in having the labium reaching the posterior portion of the gula ( Wolski & Gorczyca 2014 : figs 1–4) and embolium not narrowed basally or weakly concave ( Wolski & Gorczyca 2014 : figs 1, 2; Namyatova & Cassis 2022 : fig. 8A).