THE VIOLETS OF THE BRAZILIAN SAVANNA: A REVISION OF THE POMBALIA LANATA COMPLEX (VIOLACEAE), WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES Author Paula-Souza, J. Author Lima, A. G. Author Souza, V. C. text Edinburgh Journal of Botany 2021 2021-04-07 78 357 1 32 http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/ejb.2021.357 journal article 285207 10.24823/EJB.2021.357 79160911-6a72-466a-b594-3a50c8a4341c 1747-0036 10513850 4. Pombalia poaya (A.St.-Hil.) Paula-Souza , Phytotaxa 183(1): 10, f. 1A (2014). – Ionidium poaya A.St. - Hil., Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 1, 2: 254 (1824) . Type: Brazil , “ Près Sta. Luzia de Goyaz ”, v 1817 , St. Hilaire Catal. C1-653 ( lectotype P ! [ P2141239 ], designated by Paula-Souza in Paula-Souza & Ballard, 2014 ; isolectotype P ! [ P2141238 ]) . – Solea poaya (A.St.-Hil.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4(2): 97 (1827) . – Hybanthus poaya (A.St.-Hil.) Baill., Traité Bot. Méd. Phan. 2: 841 (1884). – Calceolaria poaya (A.St.-Hil.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 41 (1891) . – Hybanthus poaya (A.St.-Hil.) Taub., Nat. PflanZenfam. 3(6): 333 (1895). Figures 5E,F , 8 . Suffrutescent herb, 10–30 cm high, branched from a well-developed, bud-bearing underground root-like system, erect; internodes 2.5–31 mm . Stipule c.1.5 × 0.5 mm , margin entire; leaves alternate, sessile; blade (9)10–21.6 × 6–11.5 mm , lanceolate to ovate, narrowly oblong to oblong, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, oblanceolate, apex acute to obtuse, margin entire to sparsely serrate, base acute, rounded or cordate, spreading-villous to sparsely spreading-villous. Flowers white, purplish or lilac with a yellow spot at the base of the anterior petal, solitary, axillary; pedicel 7.2–12.3 mm , spreading-villous; bracteoles c.0.7 × 0.3 mm ; sepals subequal, 5–7.5 × 1.3–2 mm , lanceolate, sometimes subfalcate, margin entire, base truncate, villous; posterior petals 6.3–8.7 × 2.5–3 mm , lanceolate to ovate or oblong, villous at the apex; lateral petals 11–13 × 3.4–5.7 mm , spatulate, frequently falcate, sparsely villous to villous; anterior petal 15–17.5 × 14–19.5 mm including a claw 6.3–7 mm long, transversely oblong to subsquare, apex emarginate, smooth, villous; filaments 0.5–1.5 mm , connective appendages hyaline, 0.3–0.5 mm long, nectar glands noduliform, sometimes much reduced, inserted at the base of the anthers, villous; style c. 4 mm , glabrous, straight or subsigmoid, ovary 2 mm , villous. Capsule 7–13 × c. 7 mm , ovoid; seeds 3 × 2–2.7 mm . Vernacular names . Poaia , poaia-do-campo . Etymology . The epithet is the vernacular name of the species, which was widely used in traditional medicine in Saint-Hilaire’s time. Distribution and habitat . Pombalia poaya is found in grasslands and savannas of the Brazilian Plateau, from Maranhão to Minas Gerais states (see Figure 3 ). Figure 8 . Pombalia poaya : A, habit; B, variation of size and shape of the corolla; C, gynoecium on the pedicel; D 1 , posterior stamen; D 2 and D 3 , variation of size, indument and shape of connective appendage of anterior stamens; E, calyx. Drawn from Brochado & Filgueiras 06 (A, C, D 1 , D 2 and E), Souza 2744 (B 1 ) and Salles 204 (B 2 and D 3 ) by Rogério Lupo. Phenology . The species has been recorded in flowering and fruiting stages from July to November (rarely in May), peaking in September and October. Conservation status . Pombalia poaya is a widespread species (EOO, 186,168 km 2 ; AOO, 52 km 2 ), with several records in conservation units, and is therefore listed as Least Concern (LC). Selected specimens examined . BRAZIL . Distrito Federal : Brasília , Córrego Capoeira do Bálsamo , c. 10 km E de Brasília , 1100 m a.s.l. , 16 ix 1965 , Irwin et al. 8384 ( COL , UB ). Goiás : Alexânia , Rod. BSB-Gyn, 7 curvas, ponte do rio Lages , 14 ix 2003 , Pastore & Bringel 698 ( CEN ) ; Alto Paraíso de Goiás , Rod. GO-118 em direção a Cavalcante , c. 12 km N (em linha reta) de Alto Paraíso , 14°01′37′′, 47°31′45.4′′, 1502 m a.s.l. , 23 x 2012 , Paula-Souza et al. 11311/685 ( ESA ) ; Anápolis , 18 x 1956 , Smith 4821 ( US ) ; Campo Alegre de Goiás / Cristalina , c.20(?) km de Cristalina em direção a Campo Alegre de Goiás , 17°24′31′′S , 47°47′01′′W , 8 ix 1998 , J . P . Souza et al. 2745 ( ESA ) ; Catalão , BR-050, c. 8 km S de Pires Belo , 18.0028°S , 47.8028°W [18°00′10.1′′S, 47°48′10.1′′W], 2 x 2007 , Paula-Souza et al. 8774 ( SPF ) ; Cavalcante , estrada de terra saindo da balsa do Porto dos Paulistas (no rio Tocantins ) para o Buracão , a c. 17 km do rio, 13°22′17′′S , 48°02′40′′W , 430 m a.s.l. , 9 xi 2000 , Walter et al. 4642 ( CEN ) ; Corumbá de Goiás , Pireneus , 28 vii 1952 , Macedo 3714 ( US ) ; Luziânia , 1.5 km a oeste da ponte do rio Alagado , em direção BR-060, 16°12′01′′S , 48°11′08′′W , 870 m a.s.l. , 6 xi 2002 , G . P . Silva et al. 6858 ( CEN ) ; Niquelândia , estrada Uruaçu-Niquelândia , c. 50 km de Uruaçu , 15 vii 2000 , J . P . Souza et al. 3540 ( ESA , RB ) ; Pirenópolis , Serra dos Pireneus , subida para o Parque , 15°49′29′′S , 48°54′24′′W , 1070 m a.s.l. , 18 i 2005 , Paula-Souza et al. 4070 (CTES, ESA); Planaltina, GO-118, km 04, 15.4680°S , 47.5066°W [ 15°28′04.8′′S , 47°30′23.8′′W ], 3 x 2007 , Paula-Souza et al. 8801 ( SPF ). Maranhão : Amaro Leite, Brésil central (Sertao d’Amaroleité), ix–x 1844 , Weddell 2839 ( P ). Minas Gerais : Ibiá, Rio Santa Teresa , 12 x 1982 , Hatschbach & Kummrow 45591 ( F , MBM ). Tocantins : Parana , estrada de acesso à vila Rosário, faZenda Bom Retiro, 12°46′49′′S , 48°12′10′′W , 307 m a.s.l. , 23 xi 2007 , Pereira-Silva et al. 12273 ( CEN ) . Typical forms of Pombalia poaya are readily recognised by its spreading-villous indument. The species has been extensively used in folk medicine for the purgative, emetic and evacuant properties of the roots ( Mügge et al. , 2016 ).