New nematode Tahamina indica gen. nov., sp. nov. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Tylencholaimoidea) from the tropical rainforest, Western Ghats Author Islam, Md Niraul https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8520-9775 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang- 110016, China & Nematode Biodiversity Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh- 202002, India mnislam15@gmail.com Author Ahmad, Wasim Nematode Biodiversity Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh- 202002, India text ZooKeys 2023 2023-12-06 1186 1 13 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1186.101527 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1186.101527 1313-2970-1186-1 D189EB38E74C4D578778F79D89122A70 F934FC4A0653514AB724044D7931F46C Tahamina indica sp. nov. Figs 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 Material examined. Seven females and two juveniles from Yaraganalu , Shivamoga District , Karnataka State , India ; 13°48'04.3"N 75°34'23.4"E ; 17 November 2018 . Female holotype (slide number AMUZDNC Tahamina indica gen. nov. sp. nov. /1), six female paratype specimens (slide numbers AMUZDNC Tahamina indica gen. nov. sp. nov. /2-5) and two juveniles (J2) (slide number AMUZDNC Tahamina indica gen. nov. sp. nov. /6) are deposited with the nematode collection in the Department of Zoology , Aligarh Muslim University , India . Measurements. See Table 1 . Table 1. Morphometrics of Tahamina indica gen. n ov. , sp. nov. All measurements are in μm and in the form: mean +/- SD (range).

Characters	Holotype female	Paratype females	Juveniles
n	1	6	2
L	1413	1379.8 +/- 34.9 (1332-1430)	1022, 1077
Body diameter at neck base	27	28.1 +/- 0.68 (27-29)	21.5, 22.5
Body diameter at mid body	30	31 +/- 0.48 (30-31)	21.5, 22.5
Body diameter at anus	16.5	17.3 +/- 0.44 (16.5-17.5)	15.0, 15.5
a	46.5	43.8 +/- 1.2 (43.1-46.7)	47.4, 47.8
b	5.2	5.01 +/- 0.10 (4.9-5.2)	4.2, 4.4
c	15.3	15.2 +/- 1.0 (13.7-17.0)	12.9, 13.7
c'	5.5	5.0 +/- 0.42 (4.5-5.8)	5.4, 5.0
V	39.5	39.2 +/- 1.1 (38.3-41.9)	-
G1	4.9	3.1 +/- 0.82 (2.4-3.4)	-
G2	13.8	12.6 +/- 0.90 (11.5-14.2)	-
Lip region diameter	8.0	8.0	7.5, 7.0
Lip region height	4.0	3.7 +/- 0.24 (3.5-4.0)	3.5, 3.0
Amphid aperture	5.0	4.4 +/- 0.43 (4.0-5.0)	4.0, 4.0
Odontostyle length	8.5	8.4 +/- 0.31 (8.0-9.0)	7.0, 6.5
Replacement odontostyle length	-	-	8.0, 7.5
Odontophore length	10.5	10.7 +/- 0.31 (10.5-11.5)	11, 10.5
Total stylet length	19	19.1 +/- 0.45 (19-20)	18, 17.5
Guiding ring from anterior	6.0	5.7 +/- 0.18 (5.5-6.0)	5.5, 5.5
Nerve ring from anterior	93	93.2 +/- 0.62 (92-94)	83, 90
Neck length	271	270.2 +/- 4.9 (259-276)	243, 246
Expanded part of pharynx	127	125.8 +/- 4.7 (115-131)	110, 115
Cardia length	6.0	6.4 +/- 0.88 (5.0-7.0)	7.5, 6.0
Anterior genital branch	69	40.1 +/- 4.4 (34-48)	-
Posterior genital branch	195	178.7 +/- 10.1 (168-195)	-
Vaginal length	14.0	14.4 +/- 0.44 (13.5-14.5)	-
Vulva from anterior	558	553.5 +/- 13.2 (539-579)	-
Prerectum length	157	156.6 +/- 13.0 (129-176)	121, 139
Rectum length	20.5	21.5 +/- 1.2 (19-23)	18.5, 19.5
Tail length	92	89.3 +/- 9.3 (79-103)	79, 78

Description. Female . Slender nematodes of large sized, 1.3-1.4 mm long body, slightly curved ventrally upon fixation; body cylindrical, tapering gradually towards at the anterior end and posteriorly narrowing to form an elongated tail. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 1.0-1.5 μm thick at anterior region, 2.0-2.5 μm at midbody, and 3.0-4.0 μm on the tail. The outer cuticle is thin, with fine transverse striation, the inner layer is thicker than outer, distinctly striated. Lateral chord 5.0-7.0 μm at midbody, occupying about one-sixth to one-four (18-24%) of corresponding body diameter. Lateral, dorsal and ventral body pores are indistinct. Lip region cap-like, offset from the body by constriction, 2.0-2.2 times as wide as high or about one-fourth of the body diameter at the pharyngeal base. Under SEM (Fig. 3A ), lips are rounded, and slightly separated, inner portion somewhat amalgamated forming a hexagonal disk-like structure, offset from the rest of the lip region; labial and cephalic papillae button-like, slightly protruding over the lip surface. Amphidial fovea cup-shaped, aperture slit-like, 4.0-5.0 μm wide or occupying about one-half to three-fifths of lip region diameter. Stoma a truncate cone. Odontostyle short, robust, spindle-shaped with a wide lumen, 1.0-1.1 times the lip region diameter long or 0.54-0.63% of total body length, it's aperture about one-fourth of the odontostyle length. Odontophore simple, rod-like with slightly thickened base or minute knobs-like structure (Fig. 1B, C ), 1.2-1.4 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple refractive, at 0.7-0.8 times lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consisting of a slender and weakly muscular anterior part, expanding abruptly into a cylindroid bulb, separated by slight constriction, occupying about 42-49% of total pharyngeal length. Dorsal pharyngeal gland nuclei located at 12-16% of expanded part of pharynx from its expansion. Pharyngeal gland nuclei and their orifices are located as follows: DO=58-60, DN=60-62, DO-DN=1.5-2.5, S1N1=74-76, S1N2=79-81, S2N2=88-90, S2O=90-91. Nerve ring at 34-35% of the pharyngeal length from anterior end. Cardia is short, conoid, about one-fifth to one-fourth of the corresponding body diameter long. Figure 1. Tahamina indica gen. nov., sp. nov. female: A entire B, C anterior region (arrow showing knobs-like structure) D anterior region showing amphid E pharyngeal region F expanded part of pharynx (arrow showing dorsal pharyngeal gland nuclei) G pharyngo-intestinal junction. Scale bars: 100 µm ( A ); 10 µm ( B-D, F-G ); 20 µm ( E ). Figure 2. Tahamina indica gen. nov., sp. nov. female: A entire B anterior region C anterior region showing amphid D pharyngeal region E pharyngeal expansion F genital system G Vulval region H posterior end. Figure 3. Tahamina indica gen. nov., sp. nov. female (SEM): A anterior region frontal view B anterior region lateral view C, D posterior end showing anal opening. Scale bars: 1 µm ( A ); 2 µm ( B ); 10 µm ( C, D ). Figure 4. Tahamina indica gen. nov., sp. nov. female: A, B genital system C, D vulval region E arrow showing genital primordia in juvenile F posterior region G posterior end. Scale bars: 20 µm ( A, F ); 10 µm ( B-D, E-G ). Genital system mono-opistho-ovarian, didelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 50-78 μm long, not reaching oviduct-uterus junction; oocytes arranged in a single row except the near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 57-82 μm , its consisting of a slender distal portion and a well-developed pars dilatata . Oviduct-uterus junction marked by the well-developed sphincter. Uterus long well differentiated, tripartite, proximal part short well-developed muscular, median part long, convoluted tube and distal part short, somewhat spheroid, measuring 96-109 μm . The anterior genital branch reduced to a simple sac, 34-69 μm or about 1.0-2.2 times midbody diameters long. Vagina cylindrical, extending inwards, 13.5-14.5 μm or about one-half (45-48%) midbody diameter; pars proximalis vaginae 10-12 x 6.0-8.0 μm , its wall encircled by circular muscles; pars distalis vaginae 2.5-3.5 μm with slightly curved walls; pars refringens absent. Vulva pore-like. Sperm cell absent. Prerectum long, 7.3-10.0 and rectum 1.1-1.4 anal body diameter long. Tail elongated, tapering gradually and its distal part slightly bent dorsally with a rounded terminus, 4.3-5.8 times anal body diameter long with a pair of caudal pores on each side. Male. Not found. Juvenile (J2). General morphology is similar to that of adults, but with the following differences. Medium sized nematodes, 1.0 mm long. Lip region cap-like, 2.1-2.3 times as broad as high or about one-third (29-34%) of body diameter at the pharyngeal base. Functional odontostyle 0.90 times the lip region diameter long, 0.80 times the replacement odontostyle length. Replacement odontostyle 1.0 times the lip region diameter long, with its base located at 45-48 μm from the anterior end. Position of odontostyle forming cell nucleus at 48-49 μm from the anterior end and at 26-28 μm from the odontophore base. Odontophore simple, rod-like, 1.5-1.6 times of functional odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple and refractive, at 0.7 times the lip region diameter from the anterior end. Pharyngeal expansion occupying 45-46% of the total pharyngeal length. Nerve ring at 33-34% of the total pharyngeal length from anterior end. Genital primordia 18-19 µm or 0.8-0.9 times the corresponding body diameter long, located at 442-445 μm or 41-43% of body length from the anterior end. Type habitat. Soil samples collected around the roots of grasses ( Cynodon dactylon L.) from Yaraganalu, Shivamoga District, Karnataka State, India. Etymology. The new genus and new species named after first author mother's Tahamina and its type locality India.