A Revision of Taiwanese Species in the Genus Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae) Author Yoshida 1, Takahiro Author Karner, Michael Author Hirowatari, Toshiya text Zoological studies 2018 2018-04-23 57 18 1 18 journal article 53759 10.6620/ZS.2018.57-18 cff4ab26-6fdc-462b-aaa0-b8e8f87afd71 PMC6624643 31966258 8064335 Psammoecus harmandi Grouvelle, 1912 ( Figs. 1C , 4 D-F and 7) Psammoecus harmandi Grouvelle, 1912: 413 . Type locality: India (Darjeeling). - Pal 1985: 19 , figs 5, 32. - Sen Gupta and Pal 1996: 170 , figs 242, 269. Psammoecus boreas Yoshida and Hirowatari, 2014: 413 . Type locality: Japan ; Type examined. syn. nov. Psammoecus triguttatus : Nakane 1963: 195 , fig. 16 in pl. 98. Psammoecus sp. 3 , Hirano 2009: 63 , 66, 67, fig. 8. - Hirano 2010: 12 , 16. S p e c i m e n s e x a m i n e d : J A PA N: 1 m a l e, Yoshin, Tanzawa, Kanagawa Prefecture, 26-V-1989 , Y. Hirano leg. (EUMJ; formerly holotype of Psammoecus boreas ). TAIWAN : [ Yilan County ] 1 male & 1 ex. , Taipingshan, Datong Township, alt. 1950 m , 1-IV-2004 , T. Kurihara leg. (EUMJ). [ Hualien County ] 1 ex. , Piluhsi For. Rec. Area, 22- V-1999 , 2150 m , S. E. Halbert & C. W. L. O’Brien leg., Night Beating (FSCA). [ Nantou County ] 1 ex. , Pi Lu Chieh, alt. 2400 m , 6-IX-1986 , K. Baba leg. (EUMJ); 1 ex. , Gaofeng, 7-8-V-2009 , J. Aoki leg. (ELKU); 4 exs, Wushe, Ren-ai Township, 16-III-1983 , H. & M. Townes leg. (FSCA); 2 exs, Meifeng, Ren-ai Township, 3-V-1983 , Henry K. Townes leg., Insect Flight Trap. (FSCA); 2 males , 1 female & 16 exs, Tun-yuan-trail, Jing Ying Village, Ren-ai Township, 5-VII-2014 , T. Yoshida leg. (ELKU); 1 male & 4 exs, same locality, 6-VII-2014 , T. Yoshida leg. (ELKU); 1 ex. , N24°02'53.0" E121°12'55.5" , Ren-ai Township, 6-VIII-2008 , Barclay, Mendel & Ewers leg. (BMNH; studied by MK). [ Chiayi County ] 1 ex. , Fenchihu, Zhuqi Township, 10-VII-1966 , H. Kamiya leg. (KUM); 5 exs, same locality, 16-VII-1966 , H. Kamiya leg. (KUM); 2 exs, same locality, 23-VII-1966 , H. Kamiya leg. (KUM); 7 exs, same locality, 24-VII-1966 , H. Kamiya leg. (KUM); 1 ex. , same locality, 27-VII-1966 , H. Kamiya leg. (KUM); 1 ex. , same locality, 28-VII-1966 , H. Kamiya leg. (KUM). [ Taitung County ] 5 exs, Taimali-shan (Mt.), Jinfeng Township, alt. ca. 1300 m , 22°38'N 120°57'E , 23-VI-2015 , J. Yamasako leg. (ELKU). [ Kaohsiung City ] 1 male , vic. Fujieda (= Tengzhi) nr. Taoyuan , Taoyuan District , at light, 6-IV-1976 , K. Ushijima leg. (EUMJ). Diagnosis : This species resembles P . taiwanensis sp. nov. but is easily distinguished by the absence of a row of long erect setae along each lateral elytral margin, the weak anterior angles of pronotum and the cone-shaped and stout parameres (see Yoshida and Hirowatari 2014 ). This species also resembles P . trimaculatus and other closely related species, but it differs from them by the shorter lateral teeth of its pronotum. Coloration : ( Figs. 1C and 7 ). Head and pronotum yellowish-brown. Elytra sometimes a little lighter colored, with variable black maculae near posterior 1/3; round maculae around middle of each elytron, another round one near posterior 1/3 close to elytral suture ( Fig. 7C ): maculae sometimes connected to each other ( Fig. 7A ) or forming a wide v-shaped covering posterior half of elytra ( Fig. 7D ). Antennae yellowish-brown basally, 9th and 10th antennomere black, 11th yellowish-brown, sometimes darkened. Distribution : Taiwan ; Japan ; Thailand (new record); Nepal ; India . © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Remarks : This species occurs sympatrically with P . taiwanensis sp. nov. Psammoecus boreas , now synonymized with P . harmandi , was described from Japan based on diagnostic differences from P. harmandi according to a redescription of P . harmandi by Pal (1985) . Yoshida and Hirowatari (2014) pointed out that P . harmandi differed from P . boreas by its shorter antennae and slightly transverse 10th antennomere. Although we could not examine the type of P . harmandi , we had an opportunity to examine a male specimen of P . harmandi from northern India and found these two species to be indistinguishable. This species is widely distributed; specimens from Japan , Taiwan , Thailand , Nepal , and India have been studied. Except for Hokkaido ( Japan ) where the northern limit of its distribution might be reached, they are exclusively distributed in high altitudes. Compared to the coloration described by Pal (1985) , the Taiwanese specimens show considerable intraspecific variation. We have not seen specimens outside of Taiwan with strongly enlarged black maculae that cover the posterior half of the elytra ( Fig. 7D ). Examples for the variability are given in figure 7.