Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan Author Shimizu, So Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan & DC and Overseas Challenge Program for Young Researchers, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan & Depertment of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-4552 parasitoidwasp.sou@gmail.com Author Broad, Gavin R. Depertment of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-5333 Author Maeto, Kaoru Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan text ZooKeys 2020 990 1 144 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542 1313-2970-990-1 7B73642C278D40F89091B26213C9A704 9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4 Enicospilus vestigator (Smith, 1858) Figure 51 Ophion vestigator Smith, 1858: 122; HT ♂ from Malaysia, OUMNH, not examined. Eniscospilus (sic) unilineatus Cameron, 1905a: 123; HT ♂ from Sri Lanka, NHMUK, examined; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981 : 471). Henicospilus xantusi Szepligeti , 1906: 138; HT ♀ from Borneo, TM, not examined; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981 : 471). Enicospilus receptor Chiu, 1954: 40; HT ♀ from Taiwan, TARI, examined; synonymised by Townes et al. (1961 : 293). Enicospilus glabrifascies Chiu, 1954: 40; HT ♂ from Taiwan, TARI, examined; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981 : 471). Enicospilus (Polycorniata) carinatus Rao and Nikam, 1971: 103; HT ♀ from India, MUC, not examined; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981 : 472). Specimens examined. Total of 23 specimens (19♀♀4♂♂): Brunei (2♀♀), India (11♀♀1♂), Japan (5♀♀1♂), Sri Lanka (1♂), Taiwan (1♀1♂). Type series: HT ♂ of Eniscospilus (sic) unilineatus Cameron, 1905, Peradeniya, Ceylon, SRI LANKA, P. Cameron leg. (NHMUK, Type 3b.1237); HT ♀ of Enicospilus receptor Chiu, 1954, Koshun, TAIWAN, 27.XI.1923, R. Takahashi leg. (TARI); HT ♂ of Enicospilus glabrifascies Chiu, 1954, Kuraru, TAIWAN, 1.VIII.1931, T. Shiraki leg. (TARI). Distribution. Australasian, Oceanic, and Oriental regions ( Yu et al. 2016 ); new to the Eastern Palaearctic region. Newly recorded from Japan. JAPAN: [ Kyushu ] Nagasaki; [ Ryukyus ] Okinawa. Bionomics. Unknown. Differential diagnosis. This species resembles E. laqueatus , E. pseudantennatus and E. tripartitus , which all have similar sclerites, but can be distinguished from E. laqueatus by the smooth outer mandibular surface (Fig. 51B ) (outer mandibular surface with a diagonal setose groove in E. laqueatus , as in Fig. 24B ); from E. pseudantennatus by the strongly twisted mandible (i.e., twisted by 60-80°, as in Fig. 51B, D , but 10-20° in E. pseudantennatus ) and elongate discosubmarginal cell (Fig. 51F ) (rather short in E. pseudantennatus ); and from E. tripartitus by the strongly twisted and smooth mandible (Fig. 51B, D ) (mandible rather weakly twisted and outer surface with dense and stout setae and punctures in E. tripartitus , as in Fig. 49B, D ) and elongate discosubmarginal cell (Fig. 51F ) (rather short in E. tripartitus , as in Fig. 49F ), as summarised in Table 6 . Remarks. Although Japanese specimens do not vary significantly, some wing characters of the holotype of E. unilineatus are different from other specimens, as Gauld and Mitchell (1981 : 472) mentioned. Figure 51. Enicospilus vestigator (Smith, 1858) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing.