Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region Author Azorsa, Frank Author Fisher, Brian L. text ZooKeys 2018 767 1 149 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105 1313-2970-767-1 1A3BF16446C4429B9211F1427E048AE4 1A3BF16446C4429B9211F1427E048AE4 Carebara nosindambo (Forel, 1891) Aeromyrma nosindambo Forel, 1891: 199. Lectotype queen, paralectotype male (designated here). Madagascar: Fianarantsoa , Imerina , Camboue . Collection code: ANTC3175, (MHNG: CASENT0101937). (examined). Combination in Carebara : Fernandez , 2004: 235. Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head nearly subrectangular, longer than wide, lateral margins straight, posterior margin of head concave to deeply concave; dorsum of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corner with a pair of triangular teeth; head with longitudinal and parallel rugae, except the frons; gaster with short decumbent or appressed hairs, and long subdecumbent hairs. Minor: Head nearly subquadrate, longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly, lateral margins slightly convex, posterior margin of head nearly straight; dorsum of propodeum weakly convex, posterodorsal corner with a pair of triangular teeth; gaster with short subdecumbent to decumbent hairs and dispersed long suberect or subdecumbent hairs. Figure 52. Carebara nosindambo , Major worker, CASENT0073096: A head in full-face view B body in profile view C body in dorsal view. Minor worker, CASENT0073105: D head in full-face view E body in profile view F body in dorsal view. Figure 53. Intermediates of Carebara nosindambo . Major workers, CASENT0073098: A head in full-face view B body in profile view C body in dorsal view. CASENT0002849: D head in full-face view E body in profile view F body in dorsal view. CASENT0227032: G head in full-face view H body in profile view I body in dorsal view. CASENT0072632J head in full-face view K body in profile view L body in dorsal view. Figure 54. Carebara nosindambo -lectotype. Queen, CASENT0101937: A head in full-face view B body in profile view C body in dorsal view. Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 41): HL 0.57-1.06; HW 0.50-0.86; SL 0.26-0.40; ML 0.12-0.28; EL 0.01-0.10; EM 0.17-0.28; HD 0.33-0.63; WL 0.49-0.99; PSL 0.05-0.14; PW 0.30-0.57; MFL 0.28-0.57; MFW 0.07-0.13; MTL 0.20-0.45; PTL 0.18-0.38; PNL 0.07-0.15; PTH 0.14-0.25; PTW 0.11-0.23; PPL 0.11-0.23; PPNL 0.10-0.21; PPH 0.07-0.26; PPW 0.15-0.33; GL 0.40-1.10; GW 0.35-1; CI 78-92; MI 18-29; SI 37-49; MLI 52-70; PPLI 53-79; PPI 126-167; PSI 10-16. Head slightly longer than wide (CI 78-92), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head medially concave, posterolateral corners well developed, and rounded, lateral margins nearly straight. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus weakly concave in the middle, and laterally convex. Antennae with ten or eleven segments (larger major workers). Scapes short (HL 0.57-1.06, SL 0.26-0.40, SI 37-49). Ocelli present or absent. Eyes present, consisting of one to ten ommatidia (EL 0.01-0.10). Supraclypeal area triangular and well defined. In profile view, posterolateral corner of head with (larger major workers) or without (smaller major workers) a small, obtuse tooth resembling a horn. Promesonotum high and nearly rounded, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum lower than promesonotum and about 1.8 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat, sometimes weakly concave, and declining posteriorly, propodeum armed, posterodorsal corners each armed with a laminate triangular tooth, declivity weakly concave, with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes nearly rounded. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite by half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about 2.5 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.05-0.14), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides of rounded; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.18-0.38, PTH 0.14-0.25) and with a relatively long peduncle, ventral face weakly convex in the middle. Combined outile of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave, posterior face of node vertical and weakly convex, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, almost as large as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node convex and slightly lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, petiolar node not as broad as postpetiolar node (PTW 0.11-0.23, PPW 0.15-0.33) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.07-0.15, PTW 0.11-0.23), anterior and posterior margins of petiole and postpetiole straight, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus, supraclypeal area and frons smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with longitudinal and parallel rugae in direction of posterior margin of head, and rugoreticulate close to posterior margin of head. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate), metapleuron (finely areolate and with longitudinal rugae), and propodeum (areolate). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum smooth and shiny medially, as well as postpetiole and gaster; propodeum and petiole areolate. Lateral margins of head with short decumbent or appressed hairs and long suberect hairs. Posterior margin of head with short subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandible with short decumbent or appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short subdecumbent hairs and long erect or suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with decumbent to appressed hairs. Gaster with short decumbent or appressed hairs and long suberect or subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous. Description of minor workers. Measurements (n=17): HL 0.35-0.42; HW 0.32-0.38; SL 0.20-0.27; ML 0.08-0.11; EL 0.01-0.02; EM 0.10-0.13; HD 0.22-0.27; WL 0.35-0.44; PSL 0.03-0.06; PW 0.19-0.23; MFL 0.20-0.28; MFW 0.05-0.07; MTL 0.16-0.22, PTL 0.13-0.16; PNL 0.06-0.08; PTH 0.10-0.12; PTW 0.08-0.10; PPL 0.08-0.10; PPNL 0.07-0.09; PPH 0.08-0.09; PPW 0.11-0.14; GL 0.28-0.43; GW 0.22-0.30; CI 86-92; MI 19-28; SI 57-64; MLI 63-78; PPLI 53-77; PPI 120-150; PSI 9-17. Head longer than wide (CI 86-92), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly. Posterior margin of head nearly straight, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave, and laterally angulate. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.35-0.42, SL 0.20-0.27, SI 57-64). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01-0.02). Supraclypeal area triangular. In profile, promesonotum weakly convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.5 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum nearly flat, weakly convex, and declining posteriorly, anterodorsal corner rounded, posterodorsal corners each armed with a triangular laminate tooth, declivity concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes nearly rounded. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum almost 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.03-0.06), and distance to declivity about half the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about 1.2 times longer than wide, anterior margin nearly rounded and sides convex, and narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum weakly convex. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.13-0.16, PTH 0.10-0.12) and with relatively short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node medially concave, posterior face of node vertical and slightly convex, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, almost as large as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node nearly rounded and slightly lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.08-0.10, PPW 0.11-0.14), and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.06-0.08, PTW 0.08-0.10), anterior and posterior margin of petiole and postpetiole nearly straight, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of head, mandibles, and clypeus smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with short longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum, metapleuron and propodeum which are areolate. Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny, propodeum and petiole areolate. Lateral margins of head with short decumbent or appressed hairs posterior margin of head with subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with decumbent or appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short subdecumbent hairs and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short appressed hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with decumbent to appressed hairs. Gaster with abundant, short, subdecumbent to decumbent hairs and dispersed, long, suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous. Distribution and biology. Carebara nosindambo is a widespread species found in the east, central and southwestern parts of Madagascar (Figure 69). Specimens were found in the following habitats: disturbed gallery, montane forest, ericoid thickets on sand, grassland, littoral forest, littoral rainforest, transition to montane forest, montane forest, montane rainforest, marsh edge, montane shrubland, park/garden, and rainforest. C. nosindambo was found at elevations ranging from 10 m to 1580 m, and specimens were collected using maxi-Winkler traps, Berlese funnels, and pitfall traps. Individuals and colonies were found in sifted litter, leaf mold, rotten wood, rotten logs, root matter of Asplenium sp. (using Berlese trap), under stones, in ground nests, sifted litter, dead tree stumps, dead twigs above ground, and leaf litter. Comments. Carebara nosindambo can be confused with C. omasi but can be separated by the sculpture of the posterolateral portion of the cephalic dorsum, which is sculptured in C. nosindambo and lacking sculpture in C. omasi . C. nosindambo is widely distributed in the center and east of Madagascar, with one record in the southwestern part of the island, while C. omasi is present in central and southwestern parts of Madagascar. Others thirteen species were recorded at the same localities: C. bara , C. betsi , C. dota , C. grandidieri , C. hainteny , C. hiragasy , C. jajoby , C. kabosy , C. mahafaly , C. omasi , C. placida , C. raberi , and C. sampi . C. nosindambo have four intermediates in the major worker subcaste (Figure 53). The head is longer than wide, in full-face view nearly subquadrate, the posterolateral corners are rounded in intermediates 1 and 2, and slightly narrowed posteriorly in intermediates 3 and 4. The posterior margin of the head is concave in intermediates 1 and 2, and deeply concave in intemediates 3 and 4. The eyes are small and reduced to one ommatidium in intermediates 1 and 2, with up to twelve ommatidia in intermediate 4. Ocelli are absent in intermediates 1, 2 and 3, but present and well developed in intermediate 4 (one or two ocelli). Reduced flight sclerites are present in intermediate 4. The dorsum of the mesosoma is convex anteriorly and gradually slopes to the declivity in intermediate 4, while in intermediates 1, 2 and 3, the dorsum of the mesosoma is convex and slopes anteriorly, the propodeum is below the promesonotum, the promesonotum is nearly rounded. The propodeum is armed with a pair of small triangular teeth in all intermediates. The anterior margin of the petiole in intermediate 4 is nearly straight, but concave in the center in the other intermediates. The sculpture of the head is nearly the same in all the intermediates, with parallel and longitudinal rugae, the frontal area is smooth and shiny; the sculpture of the mesosoma is also the same in all intermediates. The pilosity on the head and body follows the same pattern, except for intermediate 4, which has more abundant, short appressed hairs on the gaster. Material examined. MADAGASCAR: Antananarivo : Tsimbazaza, -18.928, 47.527, 1300 m, park/garden, 16.xii.2006, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Antananarivo , Foret de galerie, Telomirahavavy, 23.4 km NNE Ankazobe, -18.12167, 47.20627, 1520 m, disturbed gallery montane forest, 3-4.vi.2008, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Antananarivo , Reserve Speciale d'Ambohitantely , -18.18762, 47.28576, 1580 m, montane forest, 08.iii.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Antananarivo , Mandraka Park, -18.9019, 47.90786, 1360 m, montane shrubland, 11.iii.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa : Foret d'Atsirakambiaty , 7.6 km 285° WNW Itremo, -20.59333, 46.56333, 1550 m, montane rainforest, 22-26.i.2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Fianarantsoa , Parc National de Ranomafana, Vatoharanana River, 4.1 km 231° SW Ranomafana, -21.29, 47.43333, 1100 m, montane rainforest, 27-31.iii.2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Fianarantsoa , 7.6 km 122 ° Kianjavato, Foret Classee Vatovavy, -21.4, 47.94, 175 m, rainforest, 6-8.vi.2005, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa , Reserve Forestiere d'Agnalazaha , Mahabo, 42.9 km 215° Farafangana, -23.19383, 47.723, 20 m, littoral rainforest, 19.iv.2006, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa , Reserve Speciale Manombo 24.5 km 228° Farafangana, -23.01583, 47.719, 30 m, rainforest, 20.iv.2006, (B.L. Fisher et al.); [ Imerina ], ( Camboue ); Fianarantsoa , Foret de Vevembe, 66.6 km 293° Farafangana, -22.791, 47.18183, 600 m, rainforest, transition to montane forest, 23.iv.2006, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa , 43 km S Ambalavao, Reserve Andringitra, -22.23333, 47, 825 m, rainforest, 5.x.1993, (B.L. Fisher); Fianarantsoa , 45km S. Ambalavao, -22.21667, 47.01667, 785 m, rainforest, 25.ix.1993, (B.L. Fisher); Fianarantsoa , Reserve Speciale Ivohibe, 7.5 km ENE Ivohibe, -22.47, 46.96, 900 m, rainforest, 7-12.x.1997, (B.L.Fisher (Sylvain)); Fianarantsoa , 9.0 km NE Ivohibe, -22.42667, 46.93833, 900 m, rainforest, 12-17.xi.1997, (B.L.Fisher (Sylvain)); Fianarantsoa , 43 km S Ambalavao, Reserve Andringitra, -22.23333, 47, 825 m, rainforest, 4.x.1993, (B.L. Fisher); Toamasina: Station forestiere Tampolo, 10 km NNE Fenoarivo Atn., -17.2825, 49.43, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 10.iv.1997, (B.L. Fisher); Toamasina, Analamay, -18.80623, 48.33707, 1068 m, montane rainforest, 21.iii.2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Foret Ambatovy, 14.3 km 57° Moramanga, -18.85083, 48.32, 1075 m, montane rainforest, 21.iii.2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Parcelle K7 Tampolo, -17.28333, 49.41667, 10 m, littoral forest, 16.iv.2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Parcelle K9 Tampolo, -17.175, 49.268, 10 m, littoral forest, 19.iv.2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Parcelle E3 Tampolo, -17.28104, 49.43012, 10 m, littoral forest, 14.iv.2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Torotorofotsy, -18.87082, 48.34737, 1070 m, montane rainforest, marsh edge, 24.iii.2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Torotorofotsy, -18.87082, 48.34737, 1070 m, montane rainforest, marsh edge, 29.iii.2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Reserve Betampona, Camp Vohitsivalana, 37.1 km 338° Toamasina, -17.88667, 49.2025, 520 m, rainforest, 1-3.xii.2005, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ile Sainte Marie, Foret Kalalao, 9.9 km 34° Ambodifotatra, -16.9225, 49.88733, 100 m, rainforest, 24-27.xi.2005, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Reserve Analamazaotra, Parc National, Andasibe, -18.92778, 48.41833, 947 m, 7.i.2006, (A.Ballerio); Toamasina, Reserve Betampona, Camp Rendrirendry 34.1 km 332° Toamasina, -17.924, 49.19967, 390 m, rainforest, 28.xi.2005, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Mahavelona (Foulpointe), -17.66667, 49.5, 1.xi.1985, (A. Pauly); Toamasina, Mahavelona (Foulpointe), -17.66667, 49.5, 25.xii.1993, (A. Pauly); [Mangoro ufer], ( Sikora ); [Mangoro ufer, 25], ( Sikora ); Toamasina, Foret Ambatovy, 14.3 km 57° Moramanga, -18.85083, 48.32, 1075 m, montane rainforest, 18.xii.2004, (B.L. Fisher); Toamasina, Ambatovy, 12.4 km NE Moramanga, -18.84773, 48.29568, 1000 m, grassland, 5-8.iii.2007, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ambatovy, 12.4 km NE Moramanga, -18.84963, 48.2947, 1010 m, montane rainforest, 3-6.iii.2007, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ambatovy, 12.4 km NE Moramanga, -18.83937, 48.30842, 1080 m, montane rainforest, 4-7.iii.2007, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, -15.6813, 49.958, 25 m, rainforest, 14.xi.1993, (B.L. Fisher); Toamasina, 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe, -15.67133, 49.97395, 425 m, rainforest, 21.xi.1993, (B.L. Fisher); Toamasina, Station forestiere Tampolo, 10 km NNE Fenoarivo Atn., -17.2825, 49.43, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 4.iv.1997, (B.L. Fisher); Toamasina, Station forestiere Tampolo, 10 km NNE Fenoarivo Atn., -17.2825, 49.43, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 6.iv.1997, (B.L. Fisher); Toamasina, Foret classee Sandranantitra, -18.04833, 49.09167, 450 m, rainforest, 21-24.i.2009, (H.J.Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Foret classee Sandranantitra, -18.04833, 49.09167, 450 m, rainforest, 18-21.i.1999, (H.J.Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Foret classee Andriantantely, -18.695, 48.81333, 530 m, rainforest, 7-10.xii.1998, (H.J.Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Foret classee Sandranantitra, -18.04833, 49.09167, 450 m, rainforest, 18-24.i.1999, (H.J.Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Foret classee Andriantantely, -18.695, 48.81333, 530 m, rainforest, 4-7.xii.1998, (H.J.Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Sahafina forest 11.4 km W Brickaville, -18.81445, 48.96205, 140 m, rainforest, 13-14.xii.2007. (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Parc National de Zahamena, Tetezambatana forest, near junction of Nosivola and Manakambahiny Rivers, -17.74298, 48.72936, 860 m, rainforest, 18-19.ii.2009, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Parc National de Zahamena, Onibe River, -17.75908, 48.85468, 780 m, rainforest, 21-23.ii.2009, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Reserve Speciale Ambatovaky, Sandrangato river, -16.7702, 49.26638, 470 m, rainforest, 23.ii.2010, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambatoharanana, -18.80388, 48.40506, 1013 m, rainforest, 12-19.xii.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Foret classee Sandranantitra, -18.04833, 49.09167, 450 m, rainforest, 21-24.i.1999, (H.J.Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Ankerana, -18.4104, 48.8189, 855 m, rainforest, 27.i.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ankerana, -18.4104, 48.8189, 855 m, rainforest, 25.i.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ankerana, -18.4104, 48.8189, 855 m, rainforest, 22-27.i.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ankerana, -18.40062, 48.81311, 865 m, rainforest, 17-18.i.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ankerana, -18.4061, 48.82029, 725 m, rainforest, 16.i.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ankerana, -18.40829, 48.82107, 750 m, rainforest, 21-22.i.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ankerana, -18.4061, 48.82029, 725 m, rainforest, 16-21.i.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ankerana, -18.40829, 48.82107, 750 m, rainforest, 21-26.i.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambatoharanana, -18.80424, 48.40081, 968 m, rainforest, 12-19.xii.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, -18.76087, 48.37128, 1044 m, rainforest, 29.xi.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, -18.76131, 48.36437, 983 m, rainforest, 26.xi.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, -18.77908, 48.36628, 1014 m, rainforest, 28.xi.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambatoharanana, -18.80398, 48.40358, 1064 m, rainforest, 12-19.xii.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Tsaravoniana, -18.76465, 48.41938, 1039 m, rainforest, 2-7.xii.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Tsaravoniana, -18.76124, 48.42134, 939 m, rainforest, 2-7.xii.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Tsaravoniana, -18.76465, 48.41938, 1039 m, rainforest, 4-5.xii.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, -18.76131, 48.36437, 983 m, rainforest, 23-28.xi.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, -18.76087, 48.37128, 1044 m, rainforest, 23-28.xi.2012, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toliara : Parc National Andohahela, Col de Tanatana, 33.3 km NW Tolagnaro, -24.7585, 46.85367, 275 m, rainforest, 23.xi.2006, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toliara , 11 km NW Enakara, Reserve Andohahela, -24.56667, 46.83333, 800 m, rainforest, 17.xi.1992, (B.L. Fisher); Toliara , 10 km NW Enakara, Reserve Andohahela, -24.56667, 46.81667, 430 m, rainforest, 22.xi.1992, (B.L. Fisher); Toliara , Mandena, 8.4 km NNE 30° Tolagnaro, -24.95167, 47.00167, 20 m, littoral rainforest, 20.xi.1998, (B.L. Fisher); Toliara , 2.7 km WNW 302° Ste. Luce, -24.77167, 47.17167, 20 m, littoral rainforest, 9-11.xii.1998, (B.L.Fisher (J.-Baptiste)); Toliara , Foret de Petriky, 12.5 km W 272° Tolagnaro, -25.06167, 46.87, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 22.xi.1998, (B.L. Fisher); Toliara , Parc National Andohahela, Col de Tanatana, 33.3 km NW Tolagnaro, -24.7585, 46.85367, 275 m, rainforest, 28.xi.2006, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toliara , Manatantely, 8.9 km NW Tolagnaro, -24.9815, 46.92567, 100 m, rainforest, 27-28.xi.2006, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toliara , Foret Ivohibe 55.0km N Tolagnaro, -24.569, 47.204. 200 m, rainforest, 2-4.xii.2006, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toliara , Parc National Andohahela, Col de Tanatana, 33.3km NW Tolagnaro, -24.7585, 46.85367, 275 m, rainforest, 22-24.xi.2006, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toliara , Grand Lavasoa, 25.9km W Tolagnaro, -25.08767, 46.749, 450 m, rainforest, 30.xi.-2.xii.2006, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toliara , Reserve Speciale Kalambatritra, Ambinanitelo, -23.45373, 46.45773, 1345 m, grassland, 11.ii.2009, (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toliara , Parc National d'Andohahela , Manampanihy River, 5.4 km 113° ESE Mahamavo, 36.7 km 343° NNW Tolagnaro, -24.76389, 46.76683, 650 m, rainforest, 24.i.2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara , Foret Classee d'Analavelona , 29.2 km 343° NNW Mahaboboka, -22.675, 44.19, 1100 m, montane rainforest, 18-22.ii.2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.).