Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) Author Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C. 68DA9F2A-A005-4F96-9467-03575FADF91F Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060 - 900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. edrielly.carol@gmail.com Author Pacheco, Thaynara L. 146CF81B-1394-456C-A768-BFFDE3E213D0 Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060 - 900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; currently at Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s / n, São Cristóvão, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. thay.lpacheco@gmail.com Author Vaz-De, Fernando Z. Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060 - 900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. vazdemello@gmail.com text European Journal of Taxonomy 2019 2019-06-06 530 1 24 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2019.530 8945f8b0-4be3-4e60-8338-3916fdece1a5 2118-9773 3243046 2CD56144-79D7-4325-BCC6-353C48E374BD Canthidium ( Neocanthidium ) gigas Balthasar, 1939 Figs 1.A, C , 2 , 10 Canthidium gigas Balthasar, 1939: 127 , 128 (original description) Canthidium gigas – Martínez 1947: 111 (checklist). Canthidium ( Canthidium ) gigas – Martínez & Halffter 1986: 27 (checklist). Canthidium ( Neocanthidium ) gigas – Cupello 2018: 469 (new subgeneric assignment). Neocanthidium gigas – Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 592 (identification key). Type material Holotype BRAZIL • ♀ ; handwritten label; “Cayenne”; “Coll C Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918”; “ C. gigas / sp. m./ Dr. V. Balthasar det.”; “ gigas / m.”; “TYPUS”; “HOLOTYPE ♀ ”; NMPC . Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♀ ; Espírito Santo , Domingos Martins , Parque Estadual [“P.E.”] Pedra Azul ; 20°23 ′ 19.93 ″ S , 41°0 ′ 55.49 ″ W ; Jan. 2000 ; Lopes-Andrade and F. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀ ; Venda Nova do Imigrante ; 20°19 ′ 39.02 ″ S , 41°8 ′ 9.36 ″ W ; Feb. 1998 ; Falqueto and Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀ ; Rio de Janeiro , Itatiaia [“Itatiaya”]; 22°29 ′ 29 ″ S , 44°33 ′ 33 ″ W ; 12 Dec. 1933 ; J.F. Zikán leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂ ; Nova Friburgo ; 22°16 ′ 55 ″ S , 42°31 ′ 5 ″ W ; Dec. 1995 ; P. Grossi and E. Grossi leg.; CEMT • 2 ♀♀ , 1 ♂ ; Nova Friburgo ; Nov. 2001 ; E. Grossi leg.; AMBC • 1 ♀ ; Nova Friburgo , Macaé de Cima ; 22°24 ′ 8.45 ″ S , 42°30 ′ 48.39 ″ W ; Jan. 1999 ; P. Grossi leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀ ; same locality as for preceding; Mar. 2000 ; Vazde-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀ ; same locality as for preceding; Dec. 2001 ; E. and P. Grossi leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂ ; same locality as for preceding; Jan. 2000 ; Grossi leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂ ; same data as for preceding; BMNH • 1 ♂ ; Rio de Janeiro , Corcovado ; Dec. 1959 ; M. Alvarenga leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀ ; São Paulo , São Luiz do Paraitinga , Parque Estadual da [“Pq. Est.”] Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia ; Nov. 2004 ; M. Uehara leg.; AMBC • 1 ♀ ; Minas Gerais , Ingaí , Reserva do Boqueirão, UNILAVRAS , gallery forest; flight interception trap [“FIT”]; 21°31 ′ 08.05 ″ S , 44°55 ′ 39.81 ″ E ; 13 Nov. 2002 ; Silva and Frieiro-Costa leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀ , 1 ♂ ; Viçosa , FIT; 20°45 ′ 17.52 ″ S , 42°52 ′ 42.88 ″ W ; Nov. 1999 ; Andrade and Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀ ; same data as for preceding; BMNH • 1 ♀ ; same locality as for preceding; Jan. 1999 ; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 3 ♀♀ , 1 ♂ ; same locality as for preceding; Nov. 1998 ; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂ ; same locality as for preceding; Universidade Federal de Viçosa ; FIT; 20°45 ′ 51.99 ″ S , 42°52 ′ 5.68 ″ W ; Mar. 1998 ; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂ ; Viçosa , Mata da Biologia ; 20°45 ′ S , 42°51 ′ W ; Nov. 2000 ; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 2 ♀♀ ; same locality as for preceding; Mata do Paraíso ; Dec. 2000 ; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂ ; same locality as preceding; Dec. 1998 ; Falqueto and Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂ ; same locality as preceding; Dec. 1999 , Vaz-de-Mello CEMT • 1 ♀ ; same locality as for preceding, FIT; 13 Feb. 2015 ; S. Aloquio , A. Orsetti , C. Lopes-Andrade and M. Bento leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂ ; Berizal , fazenda [‘Faz”] Veredão ; 15°39 ′ 18 ″ S , 41°39 ′ 16 ″ W , 13–18 Dec. 2012 ; P. Grossi leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀ ; Distrito Federal , Brasília , FAL-UNB [“Faz Água Limpa”] , gallery forest; FIT; 15°56 ′ 25.1 ″ S , 47°56 ′ 22.2 ″ W ; 4 Dec. 2013 ; T. Bernardes leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂ ; same locality as for preceding; PNB, gallery forest, FIT; 14°44 ′ 49,5 ″ S , 48°00 ′ 32,3 ″ W ; 11 Nov. 2015 ; N.H.D.Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂ ; same locality as for preceding; 21 Dec. 2015 ; N.H.D. Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀ ; same locality as for preceding; 27 Nov. 2015 ; N.H.D. Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀ ; same locality as for preceding; 12 Jan. 2016 ; N.H.D.Silva leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀ ; Paraná , Campina Grande do Sul , Estrada da mandaçaia; FIT; 25°17 ′ 54 ″ S , 49°02 ′ 30 ″ W ; 7–10 Apr. 2014 ; F.W.T. Leivas leg.; CEMT . Diagnosis Canthidium gigas resembles C. bokermanni in the presence of a transverse carina on the head and distinct punctation on the pronotal disc. They differ only in the dorsal curvature of the parameres. In C. gigas , in dorsal view, the parameres have a strong angulation on their apical half and bear a concave medial excavation from the middle to the apex; in lateral view, the parameres have a dorsal angulation of 120°. In C. bokermanni , in dorsal view, the apical angulation is almost absent and there is a shallow medial excavation at the apex; in lateral view, the parameres have a dorsal internal angulation of 160°. Fig. 8. Geographical distribution of Canthidium kelleri ( Martínez et al ., 1964 ) (circles) and Canthidium ayri sp. nov. (triangles). Type locality Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Originally said to be Cayenne, French Guiana , but this is an error. See geographic distribution below. Redescription HEAD. Surface with dense and distinct punctation, particularly on clypeus. With a transverse raised projection in the front. PRONOTUM. Without anteromedial depression, disc anteriorly convex, sometimes with an anterior sinuosity forming two broad and shallow depressions (both surrounding the medial line). Surface with dense and distinct punctation, attenuating towards the centre of disc, where punctation is fine and sparse. HYPOMERON. With microstriae and setae in the basal part. Hypomeral carina complete curved throughout its length. METAVENTRITE. With simple and shallow punctation, laterobasal region with stronger punctation, lateral region with microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular. Fig. 9. Geographical distribution of Canthidium stofeli sp. nov. (circles) and Canthidium feeri sp. nov. (triangles).. MESEPIMERON AND MESEPISTERNUM. With shallow punctation, stronger microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular. HIND LEG. Metafemora with a carina along posterior edge, anterior edge with setal fringe, surface with fine punctation. Metatibiae elongated and gradually dilated towards the apex presenting a sinuosity; external margin serrated. AEDEAGUS. In dorsal view, parameres with a strong angulation in apical half and with a concave excavation from the middle to the apex; in lateral view, with internal medial angulation of 120° dorsally. Variations and sexual dimorphism Length ranging from 9.40 to 12.65 mm . Transverse projection of head sometimes not well defined. The males have a tooth in the upper ventral part, more developed in some specimens than in others. Males with ventrite VI wider medially, female ventrite VI of the same length throughout. Males also have protibial spur flattened, while in females the protibial spur is narrowed and pointed. Geographical distribution The specimens examined were mostly collected in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Espírito Santo and Paraná in the Atlantic rainforest biome, located in the Paraná dominion. The record from Distrito Federal is surprising for the species. Judging from the rest of the known distribution, its presence there may be due to gallery forest connecting it to the Atlantic Forest on the coast. Although the holotype is labelled as coming from French Guiana , we believe this represents a mislabelling, since no other specimens have been reported from that region. Furthermore, the German entomologist Carl Felsche (who acquired the specimen) was known for buying insects, and this kind of mislabelling has been seen before with his specimens (FZVM, personal observation).