Rubus kaznowskii (Rosaceae), a new bramble species from south-central Poland Author Kosinski, Piotr https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6104-4267 Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62 - 035 Kornik, Poland & Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60 - 637 Poznan, Poland cosinski@gmail.com Author Malinski, Tomasz Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60 - 637 Poznan, Poland Author Nobis, Marcin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1594-2418 Department of Plant Taxonomy, Phytogeography & Paleobotany, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30 - 387, Krakow, Poland Author Rojek-Jelonek, Magdalena Institute of Biology, Biotechnology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40 - 032 Katowice, Poland Author Tomaszewski, Dominik Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62 - 035 Kornik, Poland Author Dering, Monika Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62 - 035 Kornik, Poland & Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60 - 637 Poznan, Poland Author Zielinski, Jerzy Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62 - 035 Kornik, Poland text PhytoKeys 2021 2021-11-12 185 27 41 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.185.71193 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.185.71193 1314-2003-185-27 D0DE526D8D625C1CA423C0292D4A8D2D Rubus kaznowskii Kosinski & Ziel. sp. nov. Figs 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 Type . Poland . Lodz Province : Lask District , 250 m SE of Gucin village , alongside the road in the pine forest, 186 m alt., 51°32'46"N , 19°14'54"E , 14 Jul 2014 , P. Kosinski & J. Zielinski s.n.( holotype : KOR 51366 ; isotype: KOR 55451 ) . Diagnosis. Rubus kaznowskii can be mistaken for the similar R. gothicus . However, it differs from the latter species in several aspects. Primocanes of R. kaznowskii are pruinose and covered with usually smaller and slightly curved (not straight) prickles, more numerous hairs and stalked glands. Prickles on the petiole are strongly curved and smaller. Similarly, the inflorescence axis in R. kaznowskii is covered by smaller prickles and usually more numerous stalked glands than that in R. gothicus . The serration of leaf blade margins is more regular and finer; the apex of the terminal leaflet is more gradually narrowed and shorter. The abaxial surface of the lamina (yellowish when dry) is covered by a denser indumentum and has distinct whitish, protruding veins. Although indumentum in both species consists predominantly of fasciculate hairs, their proportion to simple hairs in R. kaznowskii is higher than that in R. gothicus . The lack of long hairs in the indumentum, both fasciculate and simple, allows distinguishing R. kaznowskii not only from R. gothicus but also from other Polish representatives of Subthyrsoidei . For detailed differences between R. kaznowskii and R. gothicus , see Table 1 . Some similarities may link R. kaznowskii with two other species from the series Subthyrsoidei , R. holandrei P.J. Mueller (= R. grossus H.E.Weber) and R. storhii H.E.Weber & M.Ranft., which has not been found in Poland until now. Both species differ from R. kaznowskii by the absence of stalked glands on the vegetative stems ( R. kaznowskii - usually numerous), less hairy leaf undersides, straight or slighty curved prickles on the petioles ( R. kaznowskii - hooked), and flower colours: the former has white, and the latter pink petals ( R. kaznowskii - white or pinkish-white and pinkish in the bud). Description. Shrub, usually up to 70 cm tall. First-year stems low arching, 4-6(-8) mm in diameter, angulate, with flat sides (sometimes slightly furrowed or bluntly angled), flushed violet-red or purple on the side exposed to the sun, more or less pruinose, without or with scattered 0.4-0.6-mm long fasciculate hairs (up to 15 per 1 cm length of stem side); stalked glands and acicles up to 0.4 mm long, rather numerous: usually 5-15(-25) per 1 cm length of stem side; prickles somewhat uneven and shorter than stem diameter, (2.5-)3-5(-6) mm long, quite numerous, 10-15(-19) per 5 cm of stem length, usually little curved, rarely straight and declining, abruptly tapering from the 2.5-3.5-mm broad base; intermixed with sparse to quite numerous stout small prickles. Leaves on the first-year stem moderately large (14-)18-20(-25)-cm long, 5-foliolate, indistinctly pedate, with flat or somewhat convex (when alive) leaflets arrangement; leaflets partly imbricate with flat or slightly convex/concave laminas; matt green and subglabrous above (with 0-10 adpressed simple hairs per 1 cm2, especially towards leaf margin and on main veins, and with scattered subsessile glands); light or whitish- or yellowish-green and soft to the touch beneath because of dense indumentum (50-90% of the intercostal area) of fasciculate hairs and less numerous simple hairs, with clearly visible bright and protruding veins. Terminal leaflet lamina (7-)8-10(-11)-cm long, usually ovate and widest below the middle (37-50% of its length); shallowly cordate at the base, gradually narrowed, with an apex 8-15 mm long; petiolule moderately, (17-)20-35(-39) mm, long (25-35% of its lamina length). Basal leaflets mostly sessile or sometimes with short petiolules up to 1-2 mm long; their lamina narrowly ovate to obovate, usually shorter than petioles (about 90% of their length on average). Leaf margin periodically serrate, with incisions 2-3(-5) mm deep, sometimes with 1-2 quite distinct lobes near the middle of the lamina; teeth usually triangular, broader than long, with a thin narrow apex. Petioles sparsely hairy, with scattered stalked glands and usually with 9-13 strongly curved, 1-2-mm long prickles. Stipules filiform, with scattered hairs and stalked glands. Inflorescence up to 20-30 cm long, broadly paniculate, rounded near apex, with erectopatent lateral branches up to 7-10 cm long; usually leafless above, with 3(-5)-foliolate leaves below. Inflorescence axis hairy with adpressed small fasciculate (stellate) hairs and scattered longer both fasciculate and simple hairs; stalked glands 50-80 per 1 cm of the axis length, 0.2-0.5 mm long; prickles usually 5-10 per 5 cm of axis length, declining, slender, subulate, slightly curved, 2-3 mm long (1-2 x as long as the axis thickness). Flower pedicels (5-)10-20(-25) mm long, densely hairy and with 40-80 stalked glands; prickles 4-8(-14), slender, slightly curved and declining, 1-2 mm long. Sepals patent after anthesis, 6-9 mm long, grey-green-felted with numerous stalked glands and several pricklets on the outer surface. Petals white or pinkish-white, wrinkled, broadly ovate or obovate, 12-13 mm broad and 14-16 mm long; often present an additional, incomplete whorl composed of smaller petals. Stamens longer or as long as the yellowish-green styles; anthers glabrous, yellowish-white; filaments whitish. Carpels glabrous or sparsely hairy, receptacle usually with long hairs protruding among carpels. Flowering June-July. Table 1. Main morphological differences between Rubus kaznowskii and Rubus gothicus .

Features	R. kaznowskii	R. gothicus
Primocane
Wax layer	More or less pruinose	Unpruinose
Hairs (number per 5 cm of the stem length)	(0-)10-50 fasciculate hairs	0-10 simple hairs
Stalked glands (number per 5 cm of the stem length)	25-75	1-10
Prickles	Usually slightly curved and shorter than stem diameter	Usually straight, the longest as long as the stem diameter or longer
Leaf
Apex of the terminal leaflet	Gradually narrowed, 0.8-1.5 cm	Abruptly narrowed, 1.5-2.0 cm
Blade margin of the terminal leaflet	Usually slightly periodical	Usually distinctly periodical
Prickles on petiole	Strongly curved, not longer than petiole diameter	Slightly curved or straight and declining, longer than petiole diameter
Indumentum cover (abaxial side of the lamina)	Dense (above 50%)	Sparse (below 50%)
Long simple (>0.5 mm), large fasciculate (>0.35 mm), and glandular trichomes (abaxial side of the lamina)	Absent	Numerous
Short (<0.25 mm) and medium (0.25-0.5 mm) simple hairs (abaxial side of the lamina)	Numerous	Rare
Inflorescence axis
Prickles length/rachis diameter ratio	1-2	>2
Prickles form	slightly curved	slightly curved or straight and declining
Stalked glands (number per 5 cm of the axis length)	20-40(-50)	10-25(-50)

Genome size. The nuclear DNA content of R. kaznowskii is 2C = 1.43 +/- 0.01 pg. Comparison of its PI fluorescence with triploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid Rubus species, of which ploidy was previously established by chromosome counting, revealed that R. kaznowskii is DNA tetraploid. In the European Rubus flora, tetraploids predominate (2n = 28) ( Kollmann et al. 2000 ; Potter et al. 2007 ; Krahulcova et al. 2013 ; Sochor et al. 2015 , 2019 ). Tetraploidy also prevails in the ser. Subthyrsoidei . In Poland, there are only two pentaploid species of the series, R. kuleszae Ziel. and R. wahlbergii Arrh., which are distinguished from their remaining representatives by larger leaves ( Zielinski 2004 ). Figure 1. Holotype of Rubus kaznowskii (KOR 51366). Figure 2. Rubus kaznowskii A segments of the primocane B infructescence C detail of the terminal leaflet margin D detail of the inflorescence axis E detail of the first-year stem. Illustration by Piotr Kosinski . Eponymy. The epithet " Rubus kaznowskii " refers to Kazimierz Kaznowski (1876-1943), teacher, naturalist and batologist from the Świetokrzyskie (Holy Cross Mts) region (Poland); the oldest known herbarium specimen of R. kaznowskii was collected by him. Figure 3. Fragments of primocanes A and primocane stems B of a living specimen of Rubus kaznowskii . Photos by Piotr Kosinski . Distribution and ecology. Rubus kaznowskii is a regionally distributed bramble species. The distance between outermost stands reaches more than 190 km. More than two-thirds of all its stands are located in the Kielce Upland, and one-fifth of them in the Central Masovian Upland, between the Warta and Vistula rivers. It was confirmed in nine AFE units: 34UDB4, 34UEB2, 34UDB1, 34UCC4, 34UDB3, 34UEB1, 34UDB2, 34UEB3, 34UEC2 (Fig. 6 ). The elevation of R. kaznowskii stands ranges from 135 to 325 m. A more detailed map of the distribution of the species in the ATPOL grid is presented in Suppl. material 1: Fig. S1. Figure 4. Inflorescence A and flowers B of a living specimen of Rubus kaznowskii . Photos by Piotr Kosinski . The species occurs mainly on rusty soils (brunic arenosols), in semi-dry to mesic habitats of mixed coniferous and mixed broadleaf forests, preferring open places with favourable light conditions: along forest margins and in clearings and in roadside thickets, among others (Suppl. material 1: Figs S6, S7). Figure 5. Abaxial side of a leaflet of Rubus kaznowskii in SEM. General A and more detailed B views of indumentum cover in the intercostal area assessed as dense, with the predominance of fasciculate hairs over simple hairs. Photos by Dominik Tomaszewski. Preliminary conservation status. Rubus kaznowskii is a moderately hemerophilic species. No pressures or threats are evidenced. According to IUCN Criteria ( IUCN 2021 ), we propose to include it in the category of Least Concern (LC). Figure 6. Distribution of Rubus kaznowskii based on Atlas Florae Europaeae (AFE) grid system. Specimens examined. Poland . Lodz Province , Lask District : 2 km N of Kamostek , pine-oak forest, roadside thickets, 181 m a.s.l. , 51°31'46"N , 19°04'12"E , 10 Sep 2019 , P. Kosinski , T. Malinski & J. Zielinski ( KOR 55452 ); Opoczno District : Wierzchowisko, roadside thickets, 228 m a.s.l. , 51°13'04.26"N , 20°13'04.45"E , 23 Aug 2010 , A. Trojecka-Brzezinska (KRA); Piotrkow District : 0.5 km NW of Poniatow , broadleaved forest margin, 203 m a.s.l. , 51°23'55.33"N , 19°45'02.22"E , 14 Jul 2014 , P. Kosinski & J. Zielinski ( KOR 51359 ); NW outskirts of Poniatow , edge of the brdoadleaved forest, 203 m a.s.l. , 51°23'55"N , 19°45'02"E , 14 Jul 2014 , P. Kosinski & J. Zielinski ( KOR 51357 ); SEE of Piotrkow Tybunalski , edge of the pine plantation on mixed deciduous forest habitat, 203 m a.s.l. , 51°23'46"N , 19°45'29"E , 24 Aug 1999 , J. Zielinski ( KOR 41323 ) ; Mazovia Province , Bialobrzegi District : Ksawerow Stary , roadside thickets, 135 m a.s.l. , 51°38'58"N , 21°07'42"E , 13 Sep 2019 , P. Kosinski , T. Malinski & J. Zielinski ( KOR 55454 ); Ostrowiec District : Lysowody near Cmielow , roadside thickets, 203 m a.s.l. , 50°54'22"N , 21°33'55"E , 8 Aug 2002 , R. Piwowarczyk (KRA 0354524); Radom District : W of Mlodocin Mniejszy , pine forest, 194 m a.s.l. , 51°20'25"N , 21°01'10"E , 3 Aug 2005 , M. Nobis (KRA); E outskirts of Waliny, alongside the railway and road with the ditch, 189 m a.s.l. , 51°21'07.8"N , 21°00'37"E , 4 Aug 2005 , M. Nobis (KRA); 2.8 km SSE of Maliszow , mixed coniferous forest, 194 m a.s.l. , 51°16'08"N , 21°07'53"E , 30 Aug 2002 , M. Nobis (KRA); Kolonia Dabrowka Zablotnia , pine forest margin, 182 m a.s.l. , 51°19'06.52"N , 21°03'17.71"E , 24 Jun 2003 , M. Nobis (KRA 0318820); Kresy near Wierzbica, railway gorge, 203 m a.s.l. , 51°16'22.55"N , 21°01'21.32"E , 23 Jun 2003 , M. Nobis (KRA 0318832); 2 km W of Pakoslaw , pine-oak forest, 220 m a.s.l. , 51°12'22.23"N , 21°07'58.29"E , 2 Jul 2004 , M. Nobis (KRA 0317627); S of Malczew , sandpit, 179 m a.s.l. , 51°21'23.68"N , 21°09'55.12"E , 27 Aug 2005 , M. Nobis (KRA 0365787); Skarzysko District : N of Kierz Niedzwiedzi , forest margin, 228 m a.s.l. , 51°10'53"N , 20°57'06.6"E , 10 Aug 2003 , M. Nobis (KRA 0318815); Szydlowiec District : Szydlowiec , roadside thickets near the artificial lake, 219 m a.s.l. , 51°13'07.16"N , 20°51'20.65"E , 22 Jul 2003 , M. Nobis (KRA 0320963); 1 km N of Zalawa , roadside thickets, 205 m a.s.l. , 51°16'04.64"N , 20°45'59.97"E , 22 Jun 2004 , M. Nobis (KRA 0317573 & 0317574); between Aleksandrow and Budki I , roadside thickets/forest margin, 242 m a.s.l. , 51°12'50.98"N , 20°46'18.60"E , 25 Aug 2003 , M. Nobis (KRA 0318819); Wymyslow , roadside thickets, 218 m a.s.l. , 51°14'09.39"N , 20°49'08.00"E , 1 Aug 2003 , M. Nobis (KRA 0318822); Wola Zagrodnia, roadside thickets, 226 m a.s.l. , 51°14'43.59"N , 20°44'49.88"E , 11 Jun 2003 , M. Nobis (KRA 0321855); Lipienice, alongside railway and road, 205 m a.s.l. , 51°14'45.8"N , 20°58'41.6"E , 18 Aug 2002 , M. Nobis (KRA); W part of Gasawy Rzadowe Niwy, forest margin, 240 m a.s.l. , 51°11'57.64"N , 20°55'29.66"E , 31 Jul 2003 , M. Nobis (KRA 0320129); Gasawy Rzadowe , forest margin, 237 m a.s.l. , 51°12'16.47"N , 20°56'46.8"E , 8 Aug 2003 , M. Nobis (KRA 0318823); Zwolen District : 0.5 km NWW of Gorki , pine plantation on the mixed deciduous forest habitat, 161 m a.s.l. , 51°19'59"N , 21°35'39"E , 13 Sep 2019 , P. Kosinski , T. Malinski & J. Zielinski ( KOR 55453 ); Przylek , alongside the forest road with ditch, 143 m a.s.l. , 51°18'30"N , 21°44'50"E , 1 Aug 2012 ,? ( KOR 55461 ); Świetokrzyskie Province , Jedrzejow District : 3 km NW of Zagorze , roadside thickets, 259 m a.s.l. , 50°36'41.4"N , 20°10'33.7"E , 8 Aug 2011 , B. Piwowarski (KRA); 2 km E of Malogoszcz , 1 km N of Bocheniec , pine-oak forest, 249 m a.s.l. , 50°48'37"N , 20°18'27"E , 11 Jun 2011 , G. Lazarski (KRA 0472546); Kielce District : 5.8 km NNW of Mniow , 300 m of Gliniany Las, silver fir forest/hornbeam-oak forest, 325 m a.s.l. , 51°01'50"N , 20°24'28"E , 23 Aug 2012 , M. Podgorska ( KOR 55457 ); 0.5 km NNE of Milechowy , pine-oak forest, 262 m a.s.l. , 50°49'38"N , 20°20'10"E , 4 Sep 2014 , G. Lazarski (KRA 0472934); between Szewce and Laziska , forest margin, 306 m a.s.l. , 50°51'00.23"N , 20°27'41.69"E , 15 Jul 2014 , P. Kosinski & J. Zielinski ( KOR 51383 ); 2 km SW of Laziska , Piekoszow , thickets at the edge of the wet, mixed forest, 313 m a.s.l. , 50°51'29"N , 20°20'10"E , 2 Aug 2012 , G. Lazarski (KRA 0472550); W of Niestachow , slopes of Mt Otrocz , pine plantation on the mixed deciduous forest habitat, 321 m a.s.l. , 50°50'24"N , 20°42'60"E , 28 Jun 1934 , K. Kaznowski ( KOR 10598 ); between Rakow and Sadkow , edge of the pine plantation on the mixed deciduous forest habitat, 276 m a.s.l. , 50°42'40.07"N , 21°03'33.83"E , 17 Jul 2014 , P. Kosinski & J. Zielinski ( KOR 51365 ); Maslow , pine plantation on the oak forest habitat, 328 m a.s.l. , 50°54'30"N , 20°42'30"E , 12 Aug 1987 , J. Zielinski ( KOR 31452 ); Stara Slupia , roadside thickets, 319 m a.s.l. , 50°51'37.7"N , 21°04'35.5"E , 16 Sep 1986 , R. Kapuscinski (SKPN); Slowik , roadside thickets, 244 m a.s.l. , 50°50'08"N , 20°32'24"E , 5 Jul 1932 , K. Kaznowski ( KOR 10609 ); Konskie District : 2 km NE of Gaworczow , wilderness "Kopaczka" , thermophilous oak forest, 264 m a.s.l. , 51°17'34"N , 20°27'34"E , 20 Jul 2012 , M. Podgorska ( KOR 55458 ); 1 km W of Cisownik , clearing of pine and hornbeam-oak forests, 290 m a.s.l. , 51°05'17"N , 20°25'07"E , 18 Jul 2010 , M. Podgorska (KRA); Opatow District : 2.2 km S of Julianow , edge of the pine-oak forest on the mixed deciduous forest habitat, 194 m a.s.l. , 50°52'50"N , 21°36'50"E , 13 Sep 2019 , P. Kosinski , T. Malinski & J. Zielinski ( KOR 55457 ); Ostrowiec District : Lysowody near Cmielow , roadside thickets, 215 m a.s.l. , 50°54'07"N , 20°26'32"E , 8 Aug 2002 , R. Piwowarczyk (KRA 0354532); Lysowody near Cmielow , roadside thickets, 215 m a.s.l. , 50°54'20"N , 21°33'20"E , 8 Aug 2002 , R. Piwowarczyk (KRA 0354531); Skarzysko District : 1.5 km S of Grzybowa Gora Mala , roadside thickets/pine forest margin, 237 m a.s.l. , 51°7'30.42"N , 20°56'29.80"E , 30 Jun 2003 , M. Nobis (KRA 0318817); Skarzysko-Kamienna , Piekna street, roadside thickets, 228 m a.s.l. , 51°07'12.37"N , 20°54'24.81"E , 21 Aug 2003 , M. Nobis (KRA 0318828 & 0318829); Starachowice District : Jagodne Male , forest margin, 227 m a.s.l. , 51°08'44.49"N , 20°59'41.41"E , 11 Jul 2003 , M. Nobis (KRA 0320966 & 0320965); Marcinkow , railway embankment, 228 m a.s.l. , 51°05'34.88"N , 20°58'54.03"E , 9 Aug 2003 , M. Nobis (KRA 0320960); Wachock , thickets by ruins of the manor house, 214 m a.s.l. , 51°4'41.9"N , 21°00'55"E , 29 Jul 2002 , M. Nobis (KRA); W of road between Lubienia and Marcule , along the road in the mesic deciduous forest, 242 m a.s.l. , 51°04'23.88"N , 21°11'41.77"E , 7 Aug 2002 , M. Nobis (KRA 0322795 & 0322796); Szydlowiec District : S of Barak Niwy , roadside thickets/forest margin, 252 m a.s.l. , 51°10'49.45"N , 20°51'31.49"E , 26 Jun 2003 , M. Nobis (KRA 0318818); Gasawy Rzadowe Niwy , roadside thickets/forest margin, 237 m a.s.l. , 51°11'25.89"N , 20°56'41.12"E , 11 Jul 2003 , M. Nobis (KRA 0318824) .