Two fancy spines and a collar: a taxonomic review of the myrmecomorphic spider genus Mazax O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae) in South America Author Silva-Junior, Cláudio J. C8E02B43-84FB-4C56-8B7D-36D71E9013EA Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia, Laboratório de Aracnologia, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, CEP 66077 – 830, Belém, Pará, Brazil. & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia – Universidade Federal do Pará – Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil. claudiojr.uepa@gmail.com Author Martínez, Leonel 7F82A759-C552-454A-925E-88E1E11D9C6F División Aracnología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “ Bernardino Rivadavia ” CONICET, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, CP: 1405 DJR, C. A. B. A., Buenos Aires, Argentina. leonelmarbio@gmail.com Author Villarreal, Eduardo 7282CB31-E53C-4697-B8A8-C30BD5699B83 Grupo de Investigación Biodiversidad del Caribe Colombiano, Semillero de Investigación Sistemática de Artrópodos Neotropicales, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia. edsuardo95@gmail.com Author Bonaldo, Alexandre B. 118CFCBA-BD7E-4F15-8412-4979159298BA Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia, Laboratório de Aracnologia, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, CEP 66077 – 830, Belém, Pará, Brazil. & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia – Universidade Federal do Pará – Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil. bonaldo@museu-goeldi.br text European Journal of Taxonomy 2024 2024-11-13 968 1 219 255 https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2731/12539 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2024.968.2731 2118-9773 14170468 C4CDECB3-B960-4AB5-819F-7464D785F5F4 Mazax tembe sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 238EF6E4-68C4-413B-A48C-BDBA491DB555 Figs 16–19 Diagnosis Males of M. tembe sp. nov. resemble those of M. kaspari in having a 3-2 tibia I ventral spination, but differ in having white feathery hairs on the carapace ( Fig. 16D ) (absent in M. kaspari ), the spiniform AS II tuberculate ( Fig. 16E ) (non-tuberculate in M. kaspari ) and having a short embolus (more than ⅒ of bulbus length) ( Figs 16G , 19A–B ) (long, nearly ¼ of bulbus length in M. kaspari ). Females resemble those of M. pax by having a 3-3 tibia I ventral spination and by the presence of white feathery hairs on the carapace, but differ by the lack of a transversal groove above CO and in having ST I narrow (nearly ⅓ of ST II width) ( Fig. 16J–K ) (transversal groove above CO present, ST I wide, nearly ½ of ST II width in M. pax ). Etymology The specific name is a noun in apposition referring to the Tembé, the original occupants of northeast Pará , including what is now the municipality of Igarapé-Açu, where the type specimens were collected. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ ; Pará , Igarapé-Açu ; 1°08′29″ S , 47°30′49″ W ; 12 Feb. 2012 ; J. Barros leg.; MPEG(ARA)-38422 . Paratypes BRAZIL – Pará • 2 ♂♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; MPEG(ARA)-38423 • 1 ♀ ; same locality as for holotype; 14 Sep. 2011 ; Manoel leg.; MPEG(ARA)-38424 • 1 ♀ ; same locality as for holotype; 14 Sep. 2012 ; Tomé leg.; MPEG(ARA)-38425 • 3 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ ; same locality as for holotype; 23 Feb. 2011 ; Tomé leg.; MPEG(ARA)-38426 . Other material BRAZIL – Pará • 1 ♂ ; same locality as for holotype; 13 Sep. 2011 ; Tomé leg.; MPEG(ARA)-38438 • 2 ♂♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; MPEG(ARA)-38427 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding but 14 Sep. 2011 ; MPEG(ARA)-38428 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding but 23 Feb. 2011 ; MPEG(ARA)-38429 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding but 14 Feb. 2012 ; MPEG(ARA)-38430 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding but 13 Sep. 2011 ; MPEG(ARA)-38431 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding but 13 Feb. 2012 ; MPEG(ARA)-38432 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; MPEG(ARA)-38433 • 1 ♀ ; Tomé-Açú ; 2°37′16″ S , 48°14′27″ W ; Jan. 2010 ; Jailson leg.; MPEG(ARA)-38434 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding but 3 Dec. 2009 ; MPEG(ARA)-38435 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding but Dinaldo leg.; MPEG(ARA)-38436 • 3 ♂♂ , 1 ♀ ; same locality as for preceding; 9 Oct. 2009 ; Jailson leg.; MPEG(ARA)-38437 . Description Male ( holotype ) COLORATION. Carapace yellowish-brown, sternum pale orange, chelicerae, sternum and endites yellowish, with spots darker. Legs: coxae I, II and III white, coxa IV pale yellow; I femora with proximal half darker and distal half yellowish-white, other segments yellowish; II femora yellowish-white, with pro- and retrolateral sides darker, other segments yellowish; III femora yellowish, with black lines on pro- and retrolateral sides, other segments yellowish; IV femora yellowish, small proximal and distal portion darker, tibiae and patellae with black lines on pro- and retrolateral sides, metatarsi darker with small distal portion whitish, tarsi yellowish. Abdomen with dorsal scute reddish-brown, ventral scute reddish-orange. Fig. 16. Mazax tembe sp. nov. A–C, J–K . Paratype, ♀ (MPEG(ARA)-38424). D–I . Holotype, ♂ (MPEG(ARA)-38422). A . Dorsal view. B . Lateral view. C . Ventral view. D . Dorsal view. E . Lateral view. F . Ventral view. G . Palp bulb, ventral view. H . Same, retrolateral view. I . Same, with cymbium, retrolateral view. J . Epigyne, ventral view. K . Same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; CP = chemocensory patch; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; ST I = primary spermatheca; ST II = secondary spermatheca. Scales: 0.5 mm. Fig. 17. Mazax tembe sp. nov. A, C, E . ♂ (MPEG(ARA)-38432). B, D, F . ♀ (MPEG(ARA)-38433). A–B . Carapace, dorsal view. C–D . Posterior eye row (PER). E–F . Abdomen, dorsal view. Scales: A–B = 200 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E–F = 500 µm. MEASUREMENTS. Total length 2.22. Carapace 0.94 long, 0.55 wide. Sternum 0.43 long, 0.35 wide. Abdomen 1.19 long, 0.41 wide. Eye diameters: AME 0.04, ALE 0.04, PME 0.04, PLE 0.04. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.03, AME–ALE 0.01, ALE–PLE 0.02, PME–PME 0.05, PME–PLE 0.02, AME–PME 0.05. Legs: I – 0.46 /0.15 / 0.45 / 0.39 / 0.31; II – 0.47 / 0.16 /0.42 / 0.39 / 0.31; III – 0.47 / 0.10 / 0.38 / 0.41 / 0.29; IV – 0.68 / 0.17 / 0.65 / 0.71 /0.36. MORPHOLOGY. Carapace with a few spaced feathery hairs, thoracic groove absent ( Fig. 16D ); sternum shield-shaped ( Fig. 16F ). Chelicerae: promargin with three teeth, distal tooth very small, medial tooth wide, proximal tooth as retromarginal teeth, retromargin with two subequal teeth. Abdomen constricted in middle, AS II present on tubercles, long hairs and feathery hairs present on pedicel collar and anterior half of scute ( Fig. 16D–E ), ventral scute rectangular, present ( Fig. 16F ). Palp with embolus with single keel, triangular RTA present ( Fig. 16G–I ). Fig. 18. Mazax tembe sp. nov. A, C . ♂ (MPEG(ARA)-38432). B, D . ♀ (MPEG(ARA)-38433). A–B . Abdomen, anterior region with abdominal setae, dorsal view (black arrow indicates AS I). C–D . Abdominal setae (black arrows indicate AS I). Scales: A–B 100 µm. Fig. 19. A–D. Mazax tembe sp. nov. A–E . ♂ (MPEG(ARA)-38432). F . ♀ (MPEG(ARA)-38434). A . Palp, ventral view. B . Same, with details of embolus. C . Same, with cymbial tip groove. D . Same, with chemosensory patch, dorsal view. E . Same, tibia, ventral view. F . Epigyne, dorso-anterior view. Scales: A = 200 µm; B = 20 µm; C = 100 µm; D–F = 50 µm. LEG MACROSETAE. Femur: I do 1-0-1 pl 0-0-1; II do 1-0-1, pl 1-0-0; III do 1-0-1, pl 1-0-1; IV do 1-0- 1, pl 1-0-0. Tibia: I ve 1p-2-2 (3-2); II ve 2-2; III do 0-1-1, ve 1-1p; IV pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1, ve 1p-0- 1p. Metatarsus: I ve 2-2; II ve 2-2; III dp 0-1-1, dr 0-1-1, ve 2-2; IV dp 1-0-1 dr 1-1-0 ve 1r-1p-1r- 1p. VARIATION (n = 1). Total length total 3.82, carapace 2.06, femur I 0.90. Female (MPEG(ARA)-38424) COLORATION. Carapace reddish-brown, sternum yellowish-brown, chelicerae, sternum and endites yellowish, with spots darker. Legs: as in male. Abdomen with dorsal scute reddish-brown, ventral scute reddish-orange, abdomen dorsally gray, with white line on posterior half, ventrally white, connected to two lateral white spots on each side. MEASUREMENTS. Total length 2.49. Carapace 1.00 long, 0.61 wide. Sternum 0.49 long, 0.36 wide. Abdomen 1.33 long, 0.76 wide. Eye diameters: AME 0.04, ALE 0.04, PME 0.04, PLE 0.04. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.03, AME–ALE 0.01, ALE–PLE 0.02, PME–PME 0.05, PME–PLE 0.02, AME–PME 0.05. Legs: I – 0.53 /0.15 / 0.56 / 0.45 / 0.32; II – 0.53 /0.18 / 0.48 / 0.41 / 0.34; III – 0.49 / 0.10 / 0.41 /0.42 / 0.28; IV – 0.71 / 0.20 /0.71 / 0.74 / 0.39. MORPHOLOGY. Carapace with a few spaced feathery hairs, thoracic groove absent ( Fig. 16A ); sternum shield-shaped ( Fig. 16C ). Chelicerae: promargin with three teeth, distal tooth very small, medial tooth wide, proximal tooth as retromarginal teeth, retromargin with two subequal teeth. Abdomen without constriction, AS II present on tubercles, long hairs and feathery hairs present on pedicel collar and anterior abdominal surface ( Fig. 16A–C ), ventral scute absent, tracheal scute present ( Fig. 16C ). Epigyne: CD U-shaped, ST II globose, ST I tube-like ( Fig. 16J–K ). LEG MACROSETAE. Femur: I do 1-0-1 pl 0-0-1; II do 1-0-1, pl 1-0-0; III do 1-0-1, pl 1-0-1; IV do 1-0- 1, pl 1-0-0. Tibia: I ve 2-2-2 (3-3); II ve 2-2; III do 0-1-1, ve 1-1p; IV pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1, ve 1p-0- 1p. Metatarsus: I ve 2-2; II ve 2-2; III dp 0-1-1, dr 0-1-1, ve 2-2; IV dp 1-0-1 dr 1-1-0 ve 1r-1p-1r- 1p. VARIATION (n = 2). Total length 3.77–4.02, carapace 2.11–2.24, femur I 0.90–1.04. Distribution Known only from the state of Pará , Brazil ( Fig. 20 ).