The Neotropical genera of Paronellinae (Collembola, Entomobryoidea, Paronellidae) with description of two new species and redescription of Campylothorax mitrai Author Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante Author Cipola, Nikolas Gioia text Zootaxa 2017 4300 2 151 179 journal article 32576 10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.1 a8295b09-28eb-4dc9-a662-01366ae5b9e8 1175-5326 838040 92ECE1FD-6C96-492E-AB44-62AB9D02FEA6 Genus Campylothorax Schött, 1893 Diagnosis. Adult specimens large (up to 4.5 mm ). Body pigments forming distinct color patterns, specimens never totally white and rarely with diffused and uniform pigments covering all body. Heavily ciliate scales present, apically rounded or irregular. Dorsal head and trunk with reduced number of mac. Dorsal-anterior cephalic bothriotricha present. Antennae long, more than twice the total length of body. Eyes 8+8, lenses G and H reduced, sometimes hardly visible. Th. III enlarged and conspicuously humped, resulting in a bent body between Th. III and Abd. I ( Fig. 2 ). Th. II–Abd. V with ms and sens formula 10|10100 and 11|011–3, respectively. Abd. II to IV bothriotricha formula as 2/3/3 or 2/3/4 (secondary lateral bothriotricha-like chaetae sometimes present). Manubrium without spines; dens with one or two rows of spines and/or elongated ciliate spiniform mac; mucro elongate with 5 or rarely 4 or 6 teeth (adapted from Mitra & Dallai 1980 , Cipola & Oliveira 2016, Soto-Adames 2016 ). Remarks on Brazilian fauna. The species of Campylothorax recorded from Brazil are: C. cassagnaui Mitra & Dallai, 1980 , C. mitrai Bellini & Meneses, 2012 , C. plagatus Cipola & Oliveira, 2016 , C. schaefferi Börner, 1906 and C. viruaensis Santos, Cipola & Bellini, 2016 (in: Santos et al. 2016 , Abrantes et al. 2012 , Bellini & Meneses 2012 , Cipola & Oliveira 2016,). The type locality of the presumably widely distributed C. schaefferi is unknown. Börner’s description was based on specimens harvested from orchids grown in Germany , in Hamburg Museum (University of Hamburg ), collected from “São Francisco, Brazil ”. Mitra & Dallai (1980) provided a map indicating the type locality as São Francisco do Sul municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil . But the original description does not provide such data. In a Brazilian geographical context “São Francisco” can be the largest river in Northeast Region of Brazil or a municipality name (and there are at least five Brazilian municipalities in far apart states with the same name). Because of this and in the absence of the type material (destroyed according curators of University of Hamburg , Germany ), the identity of C. schaefferi should be further investigated. Also, the condition of 4 mucronal teeth reported to the species in Mitra & Dallai (1980) maybe possibly because the basal tooth could be very small in some specimens of Campylothorax , as we observed in C. mitrai , or even due the analysis of abnormal specimens. The recent descriptions of C. plagatus , C. viruaensis and now the redescription of C. mitrai may point out to other two diagnostic features within the genus, or at least to the Neotropical species: absence of the pretarsal chaetae and of the smooth chaeta opposite to the tenent hair on the hind unguiculus, commonly found in practically all other taxa of Entomobryoidea. This late feature was already reported by Mari Mutt (1987a) to C. sabanus ( Wray, 1953 ) .