Systematic relationship between Piezodorus guildinii and P. hybneri (Hemiptera Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and diagnostic characters to separate species Author Ahmad, Imtiaz Author Rab, Navaid Author Bundy, C. Scott text Zootaxa 2019 2019-06-06 4613 3 443 462 journal article 26581 10.11646/zootaxa.4613.3.2 110ab363-0af3-4646-a136-786744bf1b26 1175-5326 3239837 509D6F1C-697D-48EC-AC51-E7ACC3B4BFA3 Piezodorus hybneri (Gmelin) Diagnosis. Male . Pygophore longer than broad medially in dorsal view (Fig. 11); posterolateral angles tumescent ( Figs. 13 and 15), medial area moderately elevated (Fig. 15), subtrapezoidal in shape ( Fig. 13 ), sublateral area moderately elevated either side (Fig. 15); ventroposterior margin tumescent, moderately elevated and weakly reflexed, medial notch present, broad, v-shaped, margin either side transversely shorter than in P. guildinii , tumescence not clearly merging with posterolateral angle either side ( Figs. 13 and 15); central opening in dorsal view with anteromedial margin lunate, delimited either side by broad rounded angulation, posterior margin with narrow medial v-shaped notch, lateral notch absent either side (Fig. 11). Aedeagus with three pairs of conjunctival appendages, two dorsal, one ventral, first dorsal pair projecting posteriorly, second dorsal pair projecting anteriorly, apices acute, first pair membranous, second pair membranous with dorsal margins sclerotized, first pair longer than second pair, similar to P. guildinii ; ventral pair bilobed, upper lobe broadest medially, primarily membranous, apical margin acute, lightly sclerotized; lower lobe smaller, similar in shape to upper lobe, acute apically, primarily membranous, apical margin weakly sclerotized. Vesica relatively long (Figs. 19 and 20), heavily sclerotized, apical ½ often markedly declivent, almost reaching distal margins of lateral extensions of penial plate. Penial plate somewhat H-shaped, posterior and anterior margins curved medially, generally lightly sclerotized, lateral margins more heavily sclerotized; convex in posterior view with vesica located mediodorsally; subrectangular in dorsolateral view in basal 2/3; lateral margins gradually diverging distally, slightly converging apically, elongate and rectangular distally in dorsolateral view. Paramere (non-extracted, basal area concealed) weakly curved and narrow throughout in dorsal view; paramere (extracted) with blade relatively long in lateral view, outer margin substraight, apex strongly recurved, corner obtusely angulate, surface not reflexed laterally; stem constricted midway in dorsal and lateral views ( Fig. 22 ). FIGURES 1–4. Piezodorus . Habitus images. 1. P. guildinii (♂). 2. P. guildinii (♀). 3. P. hybneri (♂). 4. P. hybneri (♀). FIGURES 5–6. Piezodorus . Evaporatorium and ostiolar groove. 5. P. guildinii . 6. P. hybneri . EV, evaporatorium; OG, ostiolar groove; OS, ostiole; EWEV, elevated wall of evaporatorium. FIGURES 7–9. Piezodorus guildinii . Habitus images of syntype (♂). 7. Dorsal view. 8. Ventral view. 9. Lateral view. Female . Seventh abdominal sternum with posterior margin from posterolateral angle generally weakly convex, weakly concave medially ( Fig. 24 ). Eighth abdominal tergum ventrally weakly elevated posteriorly. First gonocoxae with posterior margin narrowly exposed, weakly concave laterally, weakly convex medially. Second gonocoxae with posterior margin strongly concave. Eighth paratergite with posterior margin generally weakly arcuate, straight posteriorly. Ninth paratergite narrowly rounded distally, with apex not reaching ventral elevation of eighth tergum, outer margin substraight, inner margin without notch near distal 1/3, structure not constricted at distal 1/4. Proctiger subrectangular, approximately equal in width to that of apical 1/4 of ninth paratergite. Spermatheca ( Fig. 26 ) with distal bulb strongly constricted basally, proximal bulb distinctly larger than distal bulb but not in line with distal bulb. FIGURE 10. Piezodorus guildinii . Pygophore. Dorsal view. AM, anteromedial margin; CO, central opening; LN, lateral notch; MN, medial notch; PA, paramere; PM, posterior margin; TA, triangular angulation. Distribution. This species occurs in numerous countries in Asia and Africa ( Rider 2006 ). Distribution records and numbers of specimens examined in the present study are given in Table 1 .