<document id="75DB3109F6E5BAAAF8A7FDEC3B0BE32E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5523.4.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13949596" ID-ZooBank="27C5E1BE-6443-463E-A75A-154D099A2762" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1729235909469" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ozga, Aline Vasum, Santos, George Garcia &amp; Menegola, Carla" docDate="2024" docId="503687B624558367FF5EFE7E7EBCF640" docLanguage="en" docName="Zootaxa.5523.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5523 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5523.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Acarnus Gray 1867" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="404" masterDocId="AC0FFFCE24568364FFC9FF807A30F51D" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic and geographic novelties of Acarnus (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Brazilian coast, with description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="422" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="404" updateTime="1729236464128" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E37912B6F842A5F4799C75D3355B9425">Taxonomic and geographic novelties of Acarnus (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Brazilian coast, with description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="293A9D9BAC78BA077704ACFA77BA8468">Ozga, Aline Vasum</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CACBC7BB722723F8EF50EA0DA261F3BB">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43433, Sala 214, CEP 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="45B7BF2FCC05F509607C43F050DC5726">Santos, George Garcia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E65DDC535090A0081F6727851462B957">Universidade Federal do Cariri, Instituto de Formação de Educadores, Rua Olegário Emídio de Araújo, s / n, CEP 63260 - 000, Brejo Santo, Ceará, Brasil. &amp; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Recursos Naturais (PPGDR), Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Centro de Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Pimenta, CEP 63105 - 000, Crato, Ceará, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DFEE92AEBC56B232BF062882C2021A6A">Menegola, Carla</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D57550176752F673E703AFC4D36CADF0">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43433, Sala 214, CEP 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. &amp; Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos (CECLIMAR), Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Tramandaí, 976, CEP 95.625 - 000, Imbé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="946FC4452362DC8F457545A4E85A3FD1">2024</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="D82036A024558367FF5EFE7E78C1F705" blockId="3.[151,753,510,537]" box="[151,753,510,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<heading id="836881CC24558367FF5EFE7E78C1F705" bold="true" box="[151,753,510,537]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EAEBEAB224558367FF5EFE7E78C1F705" bold="true" box="[151,753,510,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
Genus 
<taxonomicName id="1F9F4D2324558367FF27FE7F7BD6F705" ID-CoL="84L43" authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[238,486,510,537]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAEBEAB224558367FF27FE7F7B65F704" bold="true" box="[238,341,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Acarnus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BC0E4B5124558367FE95FE7E7BD6F705" author="Gray, J." box="[348,486,510,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="127 - 129" refId="ref15016" refString="Gray, J. E (1867 a) On Placospongia, a new generic form of Spongiadae in the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (1), 127 - 129." type="journal article" year="1867">Gray, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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(
<emphasis id="EAEBEAB224558367FE3FFE7F780AF704" bold="true" box="[502,570,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">sensu</emphasis>
Hooper, 2002)
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<emphasis id="EAEBEAB224558367FF5EFDC77B05F77D" bold="true" box="[151,309,582,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<typeStatus id="0724880224558367FF5EFDC77AE2F77C" box="[151,210,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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<taxonomicName id="1F9F4D2324558367FEF5FDC7788AF77C" ID-CoL="92ZR" authority="Gray, 1867 a" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[316,698,583,609]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="innominatus">
<emphasis id="EAEBEAB224558367FEF5FDC7781AF77D" box="[316,554,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Acarnus innominatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BC0E4B5124558367FDF8FDC7788AF77C" author="Gray, J." box="[561,698,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="127 - 129" refId="ref15016" refString="Gray, J. E (1867 a) On Placospongia, a new generic form of Spongiadae in the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (1), 127 - 129." type="journal article" year="1867">Gray, 1867a</bibRefCitation>
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(by monotypy).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="EAEBEAB224558367FF0EFDEA7B78F799" bold="true" box="[199,328,618,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Definition:</emphasis>
Non-fistular 
<taxonomicName id="1F9F4D2324558367FE17FDEB7861F798" ID-CoL="84JTS" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[478,593,619,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Acarnidae</taxonomicName>
with cladotylote echinating spicules (Hooper, 2002).
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<emphasis id="EAEBEAB224558367FF0EFD0E7B74F7B5" bold="true" box="[199,324,654,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Non-fistulose, encrusting to massive growth forms; ectosomal tylotes with microspined ends, forming tangential or paratangential tracts (not brushes); choanosomal skeleton isodictyal, isotropic or anisotropic reticulate, occasionally plumo-reticulate or plumose or hymedesmioid in encrusting species; skeletal tracts cored by smooth styles, echinated by 1 or 2 (exceptionally 3) categories of cladotylotes, echinating acanthostyles present or absent, and 
<emphasis id="EAEBEAB224558367FED1FC9F7BD2F624" bold="true" box="[280,482,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">smooth tylostyles</emphasis>
; microscleres are palmate isochelae, toxas of several morphologies, smooth microxeas and acanthoxeas (emended from 
<bibRefCitation id="BC0E4B5124558367FDC0FCC3796BF640" author="Nascimento, E. &amp; Pinheiro, U." box="[521,859,835,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="521 - 540" refId="ref16365" refString="Nascimento, E. &amp; Pinheiro, U. (2023) A new species of Acarnus Gray, 1867 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Acarnidae) from NE Brazil. Zootaxa, 5293 (3), 521 - 540. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5293.3.5" type="journal article" year="2023">Nascimento &amp; Pinheiro, 2023</bibRefCitation>
; our additions are in 
<emphasis id="EAEBEAB224558367FB8FFCC37E4BF640" bold="true" box="[1094,1147,835,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">bold</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
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