Taxonomic revision of the P. chartergoides species-group of the genus Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) Author Dos Santos Junior, José N. A. 0000-0003-2459-8732 Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Instituto de Estudos do Xingu, R. Constantino Viana, s / n, 68380 - 000, São Félix do Xingu, PA, Brazil. jose.santos@unifesspa.edu.br Author Silveira, Orlando T. 0000-0002-5899-199X Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, MCTI, Av. Perimetral s / n, Campus de Pesquisa, 66040 - 170, Belem, PA, Brazil. orlando@museu-goeldi.br Author Carpenter, James M. 0000-0001-6754-8028 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. carpente@amnh.org text Zootaxa 2020 2020-10-02 4858 4 542 554 journal article 8254 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.4.4 aae4f8ee-4581-4c88-91b4-cf8fe9298a28 1175-5326 4537528 CB5A85AC-565F-4FFF-9AFE-92C1AEF66579 Protopolybia chartergoides (Gribodo) stat. rev. ( Figs. 1, 2 , 11, 12, 13, 14, 33, 34, 35, 38) Nectarina chartergoides Gribodo, 1891: 253 . Holotype : ♀ , French Guiana , Cayenne (MCSN), examined. Nectarina chartergoides Dalla Torre 1904: 86 ; Ducke 1905 a: 11; 1905b: 663; Van der Vecht & Carpenter 1990: 49 ; Santos- Junior et al . 2015: 154. Charterginus cinctellus Fox, 1898: 460 . Holotype : ♀ , Brasil , Chapada (CM, Pittsburgh), examined. Charterginus cinctellus Dalla Torre 1904: 85 ; Von Ihering 1904: 117, 234; Van der Vecht & Carpenter 1990: 49 ; Santos-Junior et al . 2015: 154 . Chartergus cinctellus Ducke 1904: 325 , 329, 337; Cameron 1907: 181 ; Carpenter & Van der Vecht 1991: 222 . Chartergus chartergoides Ducke 1904: 325 . Pseudochartergus chartergoides Ducke 1910: 466 ; Bequaert 1938: 104 ; Jeanne 1970: 56 , 59, 60; Overal 1978: 11; Carpenter & Wenzel 1990: 178 , 181–183; Wenzel 1991: 498 , 515. Pseudochartergus chartergoides var. cinctellus Bequaert 1938: 104 ; 1944: 264; Pseudochartergus chartergoides var. boshelli Bequaert, 1938: 104 . Holotype : ♀ , Colombia : Meta (MCZ, Cambridge), identi- fied from the original description. Pseudochartergus chartergoides chartergoides morph cinctellus Richards 1978: 155 , 156; Almeida & Castro 1991: 47 . Protopolybia chartergoides chartergoides Araújo 1960: 252 ; Sarmiento 1994: 359 . Pseudochartergus chartergoides chartergoides morph chartergoides Richards 1978: 154 , 156. Protopolybia chartergoides Carpenter & Van der Vecht 1991: 222 ; Santos-Junior et al . 2015: 153 , 154, 167, 174, 176, 182; Morato et al . 2008: 794 ; Silveira & Santos-Junior 2011: 482 , 483, 485, 487, 489, 500; Borges et al. 2017: 9 . Diagnosis . Length of fore wing 6.08 mm ; ventral region of gena with width ¼ smaller than its width at the midpoint; pronotal carina laterally angular, projected shoulders, indicated by yellow marks; fovea preceded by a short and low prominence ( Fig. 1 ); pronotal fovea distinct, wide and deep; mesoscutum with conspicuous bristles; metanotum short, metanotal process with apex rounded ( Fig. 2 ); scrobal groove obsolete; propodeal valves distinctly wide posteriorly ( Fig. 38 ). Color black, with few yellow marks. Ventral process of the aedeagus narrow and laterally projected. Apex rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 13). Redescription . FEMALE. Length of fore wing 6.08 mm ; clypeus wide, approximately as long as wide (HClp=0.85; MxWClp=0.97;TeW=0.80; MiWClp = 0.90 mm ), ventral margin narrowly subtruncated; tentorial pit closer to antennal socket than to eye margin; interantennal area relatively wide, approximately 2 × diameter of antennal socket; mandibles relatively short, with length 0.65 × times distance between eyes at vertex; occipital carina distinct, extending for approximately three fourths of height of gena, fading very close to insertion of mandible; humerus angularly projecting, carina weakly lamellate, less extending downwards at side; prominence in front of the pronotal fovea poorly developed, low, relatively distant from the pronotal carina ( Fig. 1 ); pronotal fovea distinct, wide and deep; length of mesoscutum 0.90 × its width; scrobal groove obsolete; metanotum triangular, short, length of median axis 0.46 × width of central disk, metanotal process short, with apex rounded ( Fig. 2 ); propodeum with wide and shallow cavity; propodeal valves distinctly wide posteriorly ( Fig. 38 ); T1 sessile, distinctly wider than long, approximately as wide as T2 ( Fig. 33 and 34 ). Frons, mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, propodeum and ventral region of mesopleuron with sparse micropunctation and deeper and stronger mesopunctation; T2–T5 with distinct punctures; clypeus with short golden bristles, except on ventral margin, which has elongated bristles; eyes with short and sparse bristles; body covered by short bristles, mesoscutum with conspicuous bristles. Black, with few yellow spots; scape and pedicel brown ventrally, black dorsally; antennomeres black; mandibles black, clypeus almost entirely, inner orbit with band which extends to the vertex; outer orbit with band which extends to the occiput; front and vertex with two small marks, a narrow mark on pronotal carina, mesoscutum usually with two stripes, tegulae partially, meso and metapleuron without marks, scutellum and metanotum partially, propodeum black, T1–T5 with a yellow distal band. Legs black; hyaline wings, venation brown. MALE. Length of fore wing 5.66 mm ; eyes wide, strongly produced inwards; clypeus narrow, longer than wide, with gold and long bristles, ventral margin subtruncated; tentorial pit approximately equidistant to eye margin and to the antennal socket; gena narrow; color like female. Genitalia. Parameres without elongate bristles; basal and apical angle of paramere widened (Fig. 11); digitus narrow with apical margin approximately rounded, moderately covered by long bristles; basal process acuminate (Fig. 14); cuspis covered by long bristles; ventral process of aedeagus narrow and laterally projecting (Fig. 12), strongly sclerotized and weakly serrated; preapical region of aedeagus not angular in lateral view (Fig. 12); apex rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 13). Material examined . BELIZE : Toledo , 1♀ , 25m , Punta Gorda , Salamanca , 28.viii.–4.ix.1978 ( P.S. Broomfield ) ( BMNH ) ; BOLIVIA : 2♀ , Yungas de La Paz , 16.vii.1944 ( MZUSP ) , Beni , 4♀ , Romansos , 1km , N. Junction Rio Itenes & Rio Paragua , 30.vii.1964 ( Bouseman, J. R . & Lussenhop, L. ) ( MPEG ) , 1♀ , Rurenabaque , 270m , 21.iv.1979 ( M. Cooper ) ( BMNH ) , Cochabamba , 1♀ , Villa Turnari , c. 450m , 7.vi.1979 ( M. Cooper ) ( BMNH ) ; BRAZIL : Acre , 1♀ , Rio Branco , 25.x–8.xi.1991 ( F. Ramos , A. Henriques , I. Gorayeb , N. Bittencourt ), Amazonas , 1♀ , Manaus , 11.iii.1976 ( Ilio ) ; 1♀ , Teffé , 06.ix.1904 ( Ducke ), 21♀ , Mamirauá , Varzea , 08.vi.1994 ( I.S. Gorayeb & O. T . Silveira ), 2♀ , Manaus , Est. do Tarumã , v.1968 ( A.F. Neto & E. V . Silva ), 15♀ , BR 174 , km 46 est., 25.v.1978 ( A.Y. Harada ) ( MPEG ) , Amapá , 1♀ , Macapá , 20.v.1900 ( Ducke ) ( MPEG ) ; Pará , 1♀ , Bujaru , 15.xii.1978 ( R . B. Neto ) ( BMNH ) , 1♀ , 15.i.1978 (P. Waldir ) ( BMNH ) , 1♀ , Belém , Utinga , 06.xii.1978 , W. França ( BMNH ) , 1♀ , Faz. Velha , 07.xii.1978 , W. França ( BMNH ) ; Maranhão , 2♀ , Igarapé Gurupi , Uma aldeia Araçu , 50km E. de Canindé , v.1963 ( Malkin ) ( MZUSP ) ; 1♀ , São Luiz , 08.vi.1907 ( Ducke ) ( MPEG ) , Mato Grosso , 1♀ , 29.iii.1968 ( OW Richards ) ( BMNH ) , 1♀ , Utiariti , Rio Papagaio , x.1966 ( Lenko & Pereira ) ; 4♀ , Barra dos Bugres , R . E. Serra das Araras , 22.i.1986 ( M. Zanuto ) ( MPEG ) , 1♀ , Rio Sasare , 4.x.1984 ( J. Elias ), 2♀ ( E. Binda ) ( INPA ) , Roraima , 1♀ , Ilha de Maraca , Rio Uraricoera , 02–13.v.1987 , Arm. Shannon ( J.A. Rafael ) ( INPA ) , Pará , 2♀ , Tucuruí , Faz. Senador , 01.xii.2001 , Malaise ( J.A. Rafael & J. Vidal ) ( INPA ) ; 1♀ , Ananindeua , i.1963 ( Machado & Pereira ) ( MZUSP ) ; Belém , 67♀ , 20.iv.1968 ( O.W. Richards ) ( BMNH ) ; ECUADOR : 1♀ , Tungurahua , Yanayacu 300m , 29–30.viii.1977 ( L.E. Pena ) ; COLOMBIA : A. Magdalena , 1♀ , Sierra Nevada de S. Marta , Rio Dom Diego , 22-24.xii.1976 ( M. Cooper ), 1♀ , Ca- queta, Florencia , 10.i.1979 ( M. Cooper ) ( BMNH ) ; 1♀ , Amazonas , Letícia , 4°12’S 69°56’W , 14.iv.1997 ( Carpenter & Davidson ) ( MZUSP ) ; Buenaventura , 3♀ , 22.ii.1935 ( Schwarz, H.F. ), Amazonas , 1♀ , Leticia , 4°12`S 69°56`W , 110m , 14.iv.1997 ( Carpenter & Davidson ) ( AMNH ) , Meta , 12♀ , Rio Guaryuriba , a tributary of Rio Meta , xii.1946 ( Richter, L & Donor, F.J. ) ( AMNH ) , Putumayo , 2♀ , Puerto Leguizamo , 180m , 29/x/1971 (M. Cooper), 10♀ , Puerto Assis, 350m , 23.iii.1972 , Cali , 1♀ , Buenaventura Road , near Rio Dagua Bridge , 50m . 3.x.1971 , 1♀ , Magdalena , N. Sierra Nevada de S. Marta , Rio Buritaca , 100m , 14.ii.1974 (M. Cooper ) ( BMNH ) ; GUYANA : Bartica , 1♀ , Kartabo , 30.v.1924 ( AMNH ) , 5♀ , Mazaruni , ( Clearing. ), 18.vii.1937 ( W. Richards ) ( BMNH ) ; PERU : Cuzco , 1♀ , Atalaya , Rio Tambo , 31.iii.1954 ( J.M. Schunke ) ( BMNH ) , 3♀ , Maracapatá ( MZUSP ) ; Loreto , 8♀ , 40km NE Iqui- tos, 31.xii.1990 ( Carpenter & Wenzel ), 1♀ , Pucallpa , Lake Yarina Cocha , 180m , 26–27.viii.1971 (C.& M. Vardy ) ( BMNH ) , 2♀ , 80km NE Iquitos , 28.xii.1990 , 7♀ , Galicia , 05°25`S 73°51`W , 18.iii.1999 ( Carpenter & Davidson ) , Huanuco , 3♀ , 2♂ , Tingo Maria , 670m ( Weyrauch ) . Distribution . * Belize ; Bolivia ; Brazil : Acre , Amazonas, Amapá , Maranhão , Mato Grosso , Rondônia , Pará; Colombia : Putumayo , Valle; Ecuador : Manabi , Napo , * Tungurahua ; Guyana ; French Guiana ; Peru : Cuzco , Loreto ; Suriname . Remarks . Richards (1978) treated P. boshelli as a subspecies of P. chartergoides but mentioned (p. 157) overlapping variation. From examination of specimens of the BMNH collection, it was observed that P. boshelli is only a variant of P. chartergoides . Thus, we consider them here as synonyms, P. chartergoides boshelli = P. chartergoides .